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Showing papers in "Phytochemistry in 2011"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A greater emphasis on manipulative experiments that control tannin levels is required to make further progress on the defensive functions of tannins, which are especially prone to oxidize in insects with high pH guts, forming semiquinone radicals and quinones, as well as other reactive oxygen species.

653 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Perception of blends of plant volatiles plays a pivotal role in host recognition, non-host avoidance and ensuing behavioural responses as different responses can occur to a whole blend compared to individual components.

641 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review summarizes current knowledge of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in plants, molecular activities, evolutionary aspects and perspectives for further gene discovery.

560 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of glucosinolates and other phytochemical compounds present in the Brassicaceae in relation to plant protection and human health is provided and multi-factorial approaches are briefly discussed.

338 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this review, the different structures of the ginsenosides in American ginseng are described, including naturally occurring compounds and those resulting from steaming or biotransformation, and will open the door to agents in drug discovery.

315 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It can be concluded that some insecticidal lectins are useful tools that can contribute to the development of integrated pest management strategies with minimal effect(s) on non-target organisms.

291 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The existence of various adaptations in specialist herbivores itself is evidence that latex and its ingredients function as defenses at least against generalists, and the unique characteristics of latex-borne defense systems as transport systems of defense substances are discussed.

290 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review attempts to summarize current knowledge about the role of phenolic glycosides in mediating plant-herbivore interactions and basic chemistry and occurrence in plants.

268 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: One of these counteradaptations, the nitrile-specifier protein identified in Pierid species, has been used to demonstrate mechanisms of coevolution of plants and their insect herbivores.

237 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Five accessions were selected for further metabolic and molecular analysis, in order to isolate key genes involved in the production of these compounds and to assist future breeding programs aimed at optimizing the levels of health-related compounds in pepper fruit.

207 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results show that moderate water stress can induce shikimate pathway in tolerant cultivar and show increased activities of flavonoid and phenylpropanoid synthesis and decreased in degradation-related enzymes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on two compound classes, iridoid glycosides and cardenolides, which can be found in the food plants of a large number of insect species that display various degrees of adaptation to them.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Eight α-glucosidase inhibitors including four new compounds were isolated from the 70% aqueous ethanolic extract of leaves of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg by activity-directed fractionation and purification processes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that approaches to integrate the study of plant defences and pollination are essential to advance plant biology, in particular in the context of the trade-off between defence and growth/reproduction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The influence of plants on the production of insect eggs is considered and the role of phytochemicals for the biosynthesis and release of insect sex pheromones, as well as for insect fecundity is addressed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An ethanol extract of the fruit case of Garcinia mangostan showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and the actual pharmacological potential of the ethanol extract was demonstrated by showing that it could elicit reduction of postprandial blood glucose levels.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Thirty-nine chlorogenic acids were detected and all characterized to regioisomeric level on the basis of their fragmentation pattern in the tandem MS spectra, most of them for the first time from these sources with two of them previously not reported in nature.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Repellent activity of the essential oil of the catmint plant, Nepeta cataria, and the main iridoid compounds, was assessed against major Afro-tropical pathogen vector mosquitoes, revealing not only a synergistic effect between the two, but also a surprising ratio-dependent effect, with lower activity for the pure isomers and equivalent or near-equivalent mixtures, but higher activity for non-equ equivalents.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The natural germination stimulant from sunflower root exudates was identified by bioassay-driven purification as the guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone dehydrocostus lactone (DCL), which effectively stimulate the germination of O. cumana seeds but not of Phelipanche aegyptiaca.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Next-generation sequencing technologies and the development of additional plant and insect model species will facilitate further research on the production of non-protein amino acids, a widespread but relatively uninvestigated plant defense mechanism.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Some important proteins for salt tolerance were found to be up-regulated in Zhengmai 9023 under salt stress, such as H(+)-ATPases, glutathione S-transferase, ferritin and triosephosphate isomerase.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study clearly demonstrates that garlic fructans also contribute to the immunomodulatory properties of AGE, and is the first such study on the biological effects of garlic fructureans.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A VIGS method was developed herein to investigate gene function in C. roseus plants using the pTRV vector system, a Tobacco Rattle Virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) platform that has provided efficient and effective means to assay genefunction in diverse plant systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The nature of abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, gibberellin, and jasmonate conjugates is discussed and it is believed that conjugation serves functions, such as irreversible inactivation, transport, compartmentalization, and protection against degradation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bio-assays showed that a cultivated tomato could be made less attractive to B. tabaci than its neighbouring siblings by the addition of the tomato stereoisomer 7-epizingiberene or its derivative R-curcumene, which repel adult whiteflies prior to landing.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work focuses on floral odors that specifically mimic an oviposition substrate, i.e., brood-site mimicry, which is wide spread across unrelated plant lineages of Angiosperm, Splachnaceae and Phallaceae.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interaction of T. harzianum and the AMF with the plant produced a characteristic hormonal profile, which differed from that produced by inoculation with each microorganism singly, suggesting an attenuation of the plant response, related to the hormones SA, JA and ethylene.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was shown that minor changes in floral odour bouquets might be the driving force for pollinator shifts and speciation events, including hybridization and displacement of species by the hybrid population.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chemical investigation of the endophytic fungus Emericella sp.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The high expression of TpGAS in glandular trichomes which also contain the highest concentration of parthenolide, suggests that glandulartrichomes are the secretory tissues where parthensolide biosynthesis and accumulation occur.