Showing papers in "Phytochemistry in 2014"

TL;DR: This comprehensive review describes the advances in the phytochemistry of the genus Panax for the period 1963-2012, based on the 134 cited references, with special attention being paid to the structural features of the six different subtypes.

TL;DR: It was found that fucoidans inhibited α-glucosidase differently, depending on the algal species from which it was extracted and the algae's season of harvest.

TL;DR: A highly efficient single-step clean-up procedure for jasmonates enrichment from complex plant matrices that enables their sensitive quantitative analysis using hyphenated mass spectrometry technique is developed.

TL;DR: To explore the chemical composition of root exudates of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, a workflow for nontargeted metabolite profiling of the semipolar fraction of rootExudates was developed and a total of 103 compounds were detected and annotated by elemental composition of which more than 90 were structurally characterized or classified.

TL;DR: A potential for stable and concentrated moringa isothiocyanates, delivered in MC as a food-grade product, to alleviate low-grade inflammation associated with chronic diseases is suggested.

TL;DR: The results indicate that nitrogen controls a coordinated regulation of both positive (MYB transcription factors) and negative (LBD proteins) regulators of the flavonoid pathway in grapevine.

TL;DR: UV-B had an overall positive impact on grape berry composition and a potential influence of UV-B on the GABA-mediated signalling and amino acid metabolism was revealed.

TL;DR: An LC-MS(n) method is developed that can be applied for the rapid and positive identification of chlorogenic acids and their glycosides in plant materials, food and beverages.

TL;DR: Heliolactone production in aquacultures increased when sunflower seedlings were grown hydroponically in tap water and decreased on supplementation of the culture with either phosphorus or nitrogen, while dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide, sesquiterpene lactones isolated from sunflower root exudates, were effective only on O. cumana and O. minor.

TL;DR: Polyketides 1-6 were produced by a one strain-many compounds (OSMAC) approach using the endophytic fungus Dothideomycete sp.

TL;DR: The aim of the present review is to compile reports of chemical constituents isolated from the genus Stachys over the past decades, together with their structural features, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships.

TL;DR: Application of controlled drought stress up-regulates the expression of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins and directly enhances the production of secondary metabolites, including glycyrrhizin, in liquorice plants.

TL;DR: It is this switching on/off of the JA-biosynthesis and ROS mediated signal transduction pathway involving glutathione homeostasis via GR which helps MeJA to mitigate Cd-induced oxidative injury in rice.

TL;DR: It is reported that virus-induced gene silencing of 7-deoxyloganetic acid synthase (7DLS, CYP76A26) in Catharanthus roseus greatly decreased levels of secologanin and the major MIAs, catharanthine and vindoline in silenced leaves.

TL;DR: It is shown that the biosynthesis of phenolic diterpenes in rosemary predominantly takes place in the glandular trichomes of young leaves, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that RoK SL1 and RoKSL2 belong to a distinct group of KSL enzymes involved in specialized metabolism which most likely emerged before the dicot-monocot split.

TL;DR: Only CPC expression increased and clearly exerted a negative feedback on anthocyanin accumulation during nitrogen starvation in rosette leaves, establishing ETC3/CPL3 as a nitrate regulated gene and a putative candidate for being involved in nitrate status signaling and root development.

TL;DR: The identification of tocopherol cyclase (VTE1) as the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of PC-8 suggests that plastoglobules are the primary site of its biosynthesis, suggesting that the unsaturated side chain performs some quenching activity.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that trichome-specific overexpression of AaWRKY1 can significantly activate the transcription of CYP71AV1 and the up-regulated CYP 71AV1 promotes artemisinin biosynthesis.

TL;DR: Alternaria alternata, an endophytic fungus capable of producing capsaicin was isolated from Capsicum annum and displayed a range of cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer cell lines and was found to induce apoptosis evidenced by Hoechst staining and loss of mitochondrial-membrane potential in HL-60 cells.

TL;DR: Real-time RT-PCR results revealed that the majority of TPS genes analysed exhibited detectable transcripts in all the organs investigated, while only some were found to be expressed specifically in one or just a few organs, which confirmed the subfunctionalization events and a specialization on the basis of the organs in which they are mostly expressed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that these polar lipids suppressed NO production through down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a well-known NO inhibitor used as a positive control.

TL;DR: Data indicate a role for esterified pectins in cold tolerance, and the possible functions for pectin and their associated arabinans and galactans in cold acclimation are discussed.

TL;DR: Root exudates from the allelopathic plant, black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), were found to contain at least six different germination stimulants for root parasitic plants, but no known strigolactones (SLs).

TL;DR: Examination of the formation of several classes of isoprenoids in cotton confirmed previous identification of slow steps in this pathway and found incorporation of C5 units from the MVA pathway was highest in the roots (into sterols) and more prominent in the first true leaves than in other above-ground organs.

TL;DR: Graphical abstract Tyrosinase from walnut leaves (Juglans regia) corresponding to the known jrPPO1 sequence was purified and characterized and two major tyrosinases forms differing only in their C-termini were identified.

TL;DR: It is concluded that glucosylation of MBOA is an important detoxification mechanism that helps insects tolerate maize BXs.

TL;DR: Thymus longicaulis leaf extracts, which was particularly rich in rosmarinic acid and methylapigenin, exhibited a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effectiveness.

TL;DR: Out of more than a thousand molecules present in the crude extract of the plant leaf, a specific biotransformation of glycosylated flavonoids by the endophyte led to the production of the corresponding aglycone via deglycosylation, illustrating the chemical cooperation underlying the mutualistic relationship between the plant and the startophyte.

TL;DR: Inotolactones A and B, examples of lanostane-type triterpenoids bearing α,β-dimethyl, α, β-unsaturated δ-lactone side chains, exhibited more potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities than the positive control acarbose, which might be related to the anti-hyperglycemic properties of the fungus and to its popular role as a diabetes treatment.

TL;DR: Investigation of the butanol fraction of Salvia palaestina Benth from Jordanian origin resulted in the isolation and characterization of nine compounds, three of which are reported here for the first time in Nature.