Showing papers in "Phytochemistry in 2015"

TL;DR: Significant evidence is highlighted indicating that these phenolic compounds could serve as important lead molecules for the development of therapeutic agents to treat various life-threatening human diseases, particularly cancer.

TL;DR: A review of G. lucidum over the past 2000 years from prized ancient "herbal" remedy to its use in nutraceuticals and to the establishment of a 2.5 billion $ (US) industry is presented.

TL;DR: In this overview, recent advances in understanding of carnosic acid distribution, biosynthesis, accumulation and role in planta, and its applications are summarised.

TL;DR: This review deals with secondary metabolites isolated from Ganoderma and their biological significance and could lead to the discovery of hitherto unknown biologically active secondary metabolites.

TL;DR: The interrelationship among different enzymes producing ROS in the plant cell wall, as well as the physiological roles of the ROS produced are discussed.

TL;DR: The chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides with reported antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities (the most studied worldwide) are analyzed in detail and the integration of data allows deduction of structure-activity relationships and gives clues to the chemical aspects involved in GanoderMA bioactivity.

TL;DR: The ways to detect ROS, their modes of action and their importance in relation to resistance to fungal pathogens are described.

TL;DR: Each CIII Prx isoform could have specific functions in muro and this could explain the conservation of a high number of genes in plant genomes.

TL;DR: An inclusive list of betalain-accumulating plants reported so far has been presented here to highlight pigment occurrence and accumulation pattern.

TL;DR: Results and reanalyze published datasets on metabolite profiles in catalase-deficient plants are presented and the roles of ROS-triggered changes in metabolites as potential oxidative signals are emphasized.

TL;DR: A working model for sporopollenin biosynthesis is proposed based on the data obtained largely from studies of Arabidopsis, and future challenges to complete the understanding of pollen wall biology are outlined.

TL;DR: 32 collections of the Ganoderma lucidum complex from Asia, Europe and North America were analyzed from both morphological and molecular phylogenetic perspectives, and a total of 13 species of the complex were recovered in the multilocus phylogeny.

TL;DR: Most of the research about the hypoglycemic action effects of polysaccharides, proteoglycans, proteins and tritrerpenoids from G. lucidum are summarized to serve as a guide for future research.

TL;DR: An assessment of the proteome within a broad time frame and during the different phenological stages may disclose the molecular mechanisms related to the developmental regulation of LT tolerance and facilitate the progress of genetically engineered stress-resistant plant varieties.

TL;DR: This investigation focused on the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oil compounds of European Origanum vulgare, finding that the cymyl- and the acyclic pathway were usually active in plants from the Mediterranean climate whereas an active sabinyl-pathway was a characteristic of plants fromThe Continental climate.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of how plant CESA proteins synthesise cellulose is covered, with a focus on the lessons learned from the recent work on the catalytic mechanism and the implications that new data on cellulose structure has for the assembly of CESA protein into the large complex that synthesis plant cellulose microfibrils.

TL;DR: CBDAS is considered as the ancestral type of THCA- and CBDA-synthases because the amount of variation was found to be higher within the CBDAS sequence family than in the THCAS family, suggesting a more recent evolution of TH CA-forming enzymes from the CBDAs group.

TL;DR: Elaborating the knowledge regarding the SAs biosynthetic pathway, the subcellular transport of these molecules, as well as the identification of regulatory and signaling factors associated with SA metabolism will likely advance understanding of chemical defense mechanisms in Solanaceae and Liliaceae plants.

TL;DR: The most promising species for a bark tannin extraction was found to be larch, while the least encouraging results were detected in pine, and a better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds is deemed an important matter for investigation.

TL;DR: The diversity of toxic plant proteins in view of their toxicity as well as their mode of action is focused on and an outlook towards the biological role(s) of these proteins and their potential applications is discussed.

TL;DR: Overall, these findings suggest that NO is probably an important component of the mechanism coordinating and regulating Ca(2+) and ROS signaling in plant immunity.

TL;DR: Analysis of the brown stripes of grapevine wood from plants showing botryosphaeria dieback symptoms revealed the presence of two of the isolated phytotoxins, the most abundant metabolite.

TL;DR: The ability of peroxidases to both generate and scavenge ROS plays a key role in the involvement of these enigmatic enzymes in plant stress tolerance.

TL;DR: Tissue specific library screening, orthology comparison in species with or without MIA-biochemical engines, clustering of gene expression profiles together with various functional validation strategies, largely contributed to enrich the toolbox for plant synthetic biology and metabolic engineering of MIA biosynthesis.

TL;DR: Investigating the effect of exogenously added auxin on the oil content, fatty acid compositions, and the expression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes in Chlorella vulgaris found that oil accumulation was highest on days after treatment (DAT)-2 with enriched levels of palmitic and stearic acids, while the linoleic and α-linolenic acids levels were markedly reduced by IAA.

TL;DR: A comprehensive map of polyphenol composition in Bauhinia and phytochemical species aggregations are provided, consistent with recent B Kauhinia genus taxonomic relationship derived from phylogenetic studies.

TL;DR: The generation of macamides and their putative precursors were studied during nine-week traditional drying trials at 4200m altitude and in ovens under laboratory conditions, suggesting that both provide sufficient substrate for amide synthesis during the drying process.

TL;DR: In this paper, the anti-diabetic activity of W. somnifera extract and purified withanolides, as well as the effect of various elicitors on this activity were evaluated.

TL;DR: The generation and characterization of transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing tau glutathione transferases from Citrus sinensis and several cross-mutate forms of these genes are reported, revealing that transformed plants exhibit high levels of CsGSTU transcription suggesting that the insertion of the transgenes occurred in transcriptional active regions of the tobacco genome.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the cell wall-phytohormone interplays, with the focus on auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroids, and abscisic acid, and discusses how they impact the outcome of plant-necrotrophic pathogen interaction.