Showing papers in "Phytochemistry in 2016"

TL;DR: An overview of the impacts of various abiotic stresses on biodiversity, abundance and development of AMF and examines the morphological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms implemented by AMF to survive in the presence of these stresses are provided.

TL;DR: The present review summarises current knowledge on the synthesis, distribution, extraction, structural elucidation, pharmacological properties and the mechanism of action of tetrandrine.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that the more ancient gene regulatory networks for the differentiation of fundamental cell types may have been recruited and remodeled for the generation of the vast majority of plant secondary metabolites and their specialized tissues.

TL;DR: The results show that the C. arabica from Kenya is the most suitable green coffee source for nutraceutical applications because of its high antioxidant capacity and low caffeine content.

TL;DR: In the antimacrofouling studies, investigations of the potential of zosteric acid from the genus Zostera are the most numerous and have yielded so far the most interesting results.

TL;DR: Results indicate that the oxidation of methyl to carboxyl at C-19 in carlactone is a prerequisite but BC-ring formation is not essential to show hyphal branching activity comparable to that of canonical strigolactones.

TL;DR: The present review describes 141 steroidal saponins and sapogenins of Agave and covers the literature published from 1970 to 2015, a comprehensive and coherent presentation of the structures, methods of chemical profiling, structure elucidation and biological activities.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate the importance of taxonomy for commercial use of fungi and show that an ethanol extract of ground basidiocarps from G. lucidum (M9720) contains much less triterpenic acids than found in the extract of G. lingzhi (M 9724) and of its ethanol extract.

TL;DR: 12 steroidal saponins, chonglouosides SL-9-SL-20, which had not been described previously, along with 13 known compounds were isolated from the stems and leaves of Paris polyphylla var.

TL;DR: Multivariate microalgae ordination using BL as descriptors revealed a higher chemotaxonomic potential than that based on their respective BL fatty acid profile, Nevertheless, taxonomic resolution was improved when fatty acids from the whole cell lipid pool were used.

TL;DR: These (un)expected findings indicate that plants are not insensitive to application of natural pesticide and while Azadirachtin is applied as a direct pesticide, it also stimulates a defense response in tomatoes very similar to B. subtilis induced ISR.

TL;DR: Two contrasting genetic/biochemical mechanisms for evolution of such combined diversity and redundancy are discussed: (i) involvement of widespread genes with expression varying during evolution, and (ii) mutational changes in substrate specificities of CYP79F and GS-OH enzymes.

TL;DR: Using HPLC-MS and MS/MS, a number of previously known G. biloba flavonoid glycosides and biflavonoids from leaves are identified and show a distinct distribution in leaf thin sections of G. biloba L. leaves.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that AMF root colonization enhances defence reactions against a biotrophic and a necrotrophic pathogen, in the aerial parts of grapevine is supported.

TL;DR: Direct evidence was obtained using micromanipulation techniques coupled with MS analysis that demonstrated the specific accumulation of sesquiterpenoids and marchantin A in the oil body cells of M. polymorpha thalli, suggesting that oil body cell differentiation and sesQuiterpenoid and marchanin A biosynthetic pathways are coordinated with each other.

TL;DR: To understand raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) metabolism in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds, RFO accumulation and corresponding biosynthetic enzymes activities were determined during seed development of chickPEa genotypes with contrasting RFO concentrations.

TL;DR: The aim of this work was to study the dark pigment extracted from the black oat hull with respect to composition and structure and found that the extracted material displays a broadband, structureless absorption profile a common feature of melanins.

TL;DR: Twenty previously unknown compounds and two known metabolites, merulin A and merulin D, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola, which was isolated from a mangrove tree, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data.

TL;DR: It is revealed that white and brown regions start forming within the nut when the liquid within starts solidifying, and the transport of molecules with maturity and corresponding pattern formation are expected to be associated with a multitude of physiochemical changes.

TL;DR: In this study, CYP71Z18, whose transcription is strongly induced by fungal infection, was found to catalyze oxidation of C15 in (S)-β-macrocarpene, forming zealexin A1, which represents the initial CYP identified for the production of maize terpenoid phytoalexins.

TL;DR: Surprisingly, many of the tested ellagitannins exhibited pro-oxidant activities even at neutral pH and only moderate to low radical scavenging activities, although the metal chelating capacities of all tested ellags were relatively high.

TL;DR: The results suggest that shifts in flower color may occur without significant pleiotropic consequences for flavonoid production in vegetative tissues.

TL;DR: Results reveal the presence of rare dimeric xanthones in G. mangostana and their NO inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cells.

TL;DR: A dimeric acylphenol and a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, giganteone D, was isolated and characterized from the bark of Myristica cinnamomea King and its structures were established by means of NMR and MS spectrometric analyses.

TL;DR: Five michellamine-type dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids (NIQs), named michellamines A2, A3, A4, B2, and B3, have been isolated from the root bark of the Central African liana Ancistrocladus congolensis and the structure elucidation was achieved by spectroscopic analysis and chemical and chiroptical methods.

TL;DR: Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp.

TL;DR: The anti-virulence potential of eudesmanolide sesquiterpene lactones previously isolated from Vernonia blumeoides was assessed by inhibition of quorum sensing and in silico molecular docking, and computed binding energy data suggested that the blumeoidolides have a tendency to inhibit both CviR andCviR' with varying binding affinities.

TL;DR: Biochemical and cellular analyses of Arabidopsis TATs provide a fundamental basis for future in vivo studies and metabolic engineering for enhanced production of Tyr-derived phytochemicals in plants.

TL;DR: Detailed analyses of the cuticular wax mixtures covering the flag leaf blade and peduncle of bread wheat revealed distinct patterns of esterified acids and alcohols, suggesting several wax ester synthases with very different substrate preferences in both wheat organs.

TL;DR: Hyperspectral imaging showed the ability to accurately predict adulteration as low as 10% and has tremendous potential in the development of visual quality control methods which may prevent cases of aristolochic acid nephropathy in the future.