Showing papers in "Phytochemistry in 2018"

TL;DR: This review was mainly focuses on the flavone chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), which occurs naturally in many plants, honey, and propolis, and exhibits many biological activities and pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities.

TL;DR: The current literature on the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in model and crop species is reviewed, including the structural and regulatory genes involved in the differential pigmentation patterns of plant structures, in order to create more efficient breeding strategies to boost the biosynthesis and accumulation of Anthocyanins in fresh fruits and vegetables.

TL;DR: The interspecies variations of plant Tyr pathway enzymes can now be used to enhance the production of Tyr and Tyr-derived compounds in plants and other synthetic biology platforms.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be utilized to identify important genes in a gene family with the assistance of bioinformatics analysis and that this new technology is an efficient and specific tool for genome editing in S. miltiorrhiza.

TL;DR: Evaluating the chemical composition, along with the antioxidant and phototoxic activity, of 11 Hypericum species grown in Sicily indicates that in addition to the well-known H. perforatum, at least other three species are potential sources of biologically active compounds and candidates for application in photodynamic therapy.

TL;DR: New and different approaches to the selection, characterisation, isolation, purification, mode of action and bioactivity assessment of a range of AMPs collected from plant sources are highlighted.

TL;DR: The present review summarizes the literature published up to 2016 concerning the phloroglucinol derivatives isolated from Hypericum species, together with their structural features and biological activities.

TL;DR: The present paper summarized the information from current publications on Camellia seed saponins, with a focus on the advances made in chemical structures, determination methods, bioactivities and toxicity.

TL;DR: The present review deals with propolis, because it is the bee product with highest concentration of specialized plant metabolites and has valuable pharmacological activities.

TL;DR: Molecular docking studies revealed that the DAs isolated from Morus alba L. (Moraceae) have high affinity and tight binding capacity towards the active site of PTP1B and α-glucosidase.

TL;DR: Four previously undescribed meroterpenoids, amestolkolides A-D, along with three known compounds were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Talaromyces amestoliae YX1 cultured on wheat solid-substrate medium culture and their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of mild, moderate and intense drought on growth parameters, osmolyte content, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, glycyrrhizin biosynthesis genes, and root glycrhizins concentration and contents, have been assessed in five Iranian licorice genotypes grown in the field.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of purine salvage pathways and their possible function in plants and purines salvaged activities associated with various physiological phenomena are reviewed.

TL;DR: Anti-inflammation is the major bioactivity discovered so far for the labdane diterpenoids from the genus Leonurus, whose further therapeutic potential still remains for exploration.

TL;DR: Solanine A showed the most potent inhibitory activity against the LPS-induced NO production in murine RAW264 and also showed significant cytotoxicity against MGC803, HepG2 and SW480 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 6.00 ±-0.52 μM, 9.25 ± 0.49 μT, respectively.

TL;DR: The rich phenolic content of V. faba pods is confirmed, suggesting to be an interesting novel source for animal nutrition, promoting product quality and consumers' health, and the assessment of their antioxidant activity.

TL;DR: Six previously undescribed diterpenoids, named euphorantins S-T and euphorneroids A-D, including ingol and ent-atisane types, along with eleven known diter penoids, were isolated from Euphorbia neriifolia and their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR analysis and high resolution mass spectrometry.

TL;DR: Seven previously undescribed steroidal glycosides, along with three known congeners, were isolated from the unripe berries of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) and their structures were elucidated on basis of 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data and GC analysis after acid hydrolysis.

TL;DR: Under the guidance of anti-fungal bioassay, four previously undescribed oleanane- type and one lupane-type triterpenoid saponins, along with twelve known analogues, were isolated from the extract of Sapindus mukorossi pulps.

TL;DR: Results indicated that LMP-1 activated RAW264.7 macrophages and elicited immunostimulatory activities via the TLRs/NF-κB signalling pathway.

TL;DR: This review provides an overview of all currently known natural benzoxazinoids and a summary of the current state of knowledge of their biosynthesis and evaluated their antimicrobial activity based on minimum inhibitory concentration values reported in literature.

TL;DR: Novel bioactivities of the anthelmintic V. odorata cyclotide, cycloviolacin O8 (cyO8), including micromolar anticancer activity against PC-3 prostate, MDA-MB-231 breast, and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell lines and antifungal activity against the agricultural pathogen Fusarium graminearum are presented.

TL;DR: Interestingly, the majority of investigated cultivars had relatively higher metabolite contents compared to the traditional medicinal tree peony cultivars.

TL;DR: Six undescribed pentacyclic triterpenoids including three saponins and two aglycones markedly increased SOD activity and reduced MDA level and were assessed for their antioxidant effects on FFA-induced hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells.

TL;DR: Investigation of the most potent indiforine A by Hoechst 33258 staining and Annexin V/PI analysis demonstrated that it could protect SH-SY5Y cells from oxidative damage through inhibiting cell apoptosis, and showed that in H2O2-induced SH- SY5Y cell injury models, indifOrine A and B exhibited potent neuroprotective activities.

TL;DR: Seven dammarane-type saponins previously undescribed (notoginsenosides Fh1-Fh7) were isolated from the aqueous extract leaves of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen (Araliaceae) and showed moderate neuroprotective effects on H2O2-induced cellular damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

TL;DR: The transcriptomes of two Nepeta species, each with distinctive profiles of nepetalactone stereoisomers, are reported, revealing that catalytically active iridoid synthase enzymes are present in Nepeta, though there are unusual mutations in key active site residues.

TL;DR: This work characterized CmCNL, a gene encoding for (E)-cinnamic acid:coenzyme A ligase inferred to be involved in the biosynthesis of (E-cinnamaldehyde), and described CmBAMT, a SABATH gene family member encoding a benzoic acid:S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxyl methyltransferase having a role in the accumulation of methyl benzoate.

TL;DR: Rheological property analysis revealed that HBBG showed a shear-thinning behavior and thermal resilience during heating-cooling process and a typical chemical structure of cereal β-D-glucans, namely linear homopolysaccharides formed by β- D-Glcp units via (1 → 4)-linkages and occasionally single (1

TL;DR: The main processes underlying the response of grape fruits to chitosan treatment involved the accumulation of phenylpropanoid and triterpenoids phytoalexins, as well as the modulation of oxidative stress-related enzymes.