Showing papers in "Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture in 1982"
TL;DR: Medium type, its water status and the relative humidity in the culture vessel modified carnation leaf development in vitro and reduced water status reduced shoot proliferation but induced the formation of glaucous leaves.
Abstract: Medium type, its water status and the relative humidity in the culture vessel modified carnation leaf development in vitro. Carnation shoot apices cultured on liquid or on 0.8% agar solidified media developed into plantlets having succulent and translucent leaves which are not transplantable to non-aseptic conditions. Increasing the agar and/or sucrose concentration in the medium as well as decreasing the relative humidity in the culture vessel by a desiccant promoted glaucous leaf production. Increased water status (ψH2O and relative humidity) increased shoot proliferation and translucency of leaves. Decreased water status reduced shoot proliferation but induced the formation of glaucous leaves. The culture of apices for 5–6 days on liquid medium prior to their sub-culture to 1.5% agar medium improved shoot proliferation and normal leaf development. An agar slant prevented the submergence of apices in water accumulating on the medium and thus reduced leaf translucency. Survival was further increased by the transfer of plantlets in uncapped culture vessels to a desiccator for 1–2 weeks prior to transplanting to soil.
139 citations
TL;DR: The responses of 7 genotypes of Rhodendron to culture conditions and their establishment as shoot cultures are described and the optimum 2iP level for shoot multiplication varied little with the genotype and levels of 4 to 16 μM generally proved optimal, depending on the specific selection.
Abstract: The responses of 7 genotypes of Rhodendron to culture conditions and their establishment as shoot cultures are described. The genotypes represent a broad genetic diversity in the genus. After sterilization and an acclimation period of 3 to 12 months, all the selections were established as shoot cultures on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with N6(-Δ2-isopenteny) adenine (2iP). Plants with strong episodic growth cycles required the longer acclimation periods. Utilizing shoots from these cultures, the response to a cytokinin series of 0 to 32 μM 2iP or BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) was analyzed. BAP proved toxic to all but the elipidote and lepidote rhododendrons (R. mucronulatum, R. x ‘Boule de Neige’, and R. x ‘PJM’); however, even with these selections, 2iP stimulated greater shoot multiplication rates. The optimum 2iP level for shoot multiplication varied little with the genotype and levels of 4 to 16 μM generally proved optimal, depending on the specific selection. Adventitious shoot production was observed in 3 selections (R. canadense, R. x ‘Boule de Neige’ and R. x ‘PJM’), but only at 2iP levels above 8 μM. Shoot multiplication rates of 7 to 21 times were observed, depending on the selection. Using an average utilizable shoot production rate of 40 shoots per culture per 6 week subculture period, some 75,000 shoots can be generated per square meter of culture space per year. The harvested shoots (microcuttings) rooted readily out-of-culture and the resultant plants grew like seedlings.
52 citations
TL;DR: Attempts at inducing differentiation in various explants of Albizzia lebbeck resulted in the production of abundant shoot buds from the hypocotyl, root, cotyledon and leaflet explants, providing a method for mass propagation of this important leguminous tree species.
Abstract: Attempts at inducing differentiation in various explants of Albizzia lebbeck resulted in the production of abundant shoot buds from the hypocotyl, root, cotyledon and leaflet explants, both directly and indirectly (i.e. without and with the intervention of callus formation). Rooting was achieved on transfer of the shoots to BM +2 mg/1 IAA after some growth. The plants could be successfully transferred to soil, providing a method for mass propagation of this important leguminous tree species.
39 citations
TL;DR: The results of the studies suggest that organic acids provide an additional function beyond that of buffering the medium during growth on ammonium.
Abstract: Rice callus was initiated from cultured anthers and was maintained on medium containing ammonium as sole nitrogen source and supplemented with either a buffer or an organic acid. Plant regeneration also was obtained on this medium, but the morphogenetic capacity of the callus culture declined as rapidly as on a medium containing a mixture of ammonium and nitrate. The results of the studies suggest that organic acids provide an additional function beyond that of buffering the medium during growth on ammonium.
27 citations
TL;DR: Multiple shoots were obtained from nodal explants of 30-year-old trees of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb using a defined medium supplemented with auxin-cytokinin combinations and ascorbic acid in the medium prevented the death of callus and plantlets, which followed darkening of the medium.
Abstract: Multiple shoots were obtained from nodal explants of 30-year-old trees of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. on a defined medium, MS (Murashige & Skoog medium) supplemented with auxin-cytokinin combinations. IAA (Indole accetic acid) alone promoted 15% rooted shoot buds. A combination of IAA+Kn (Kinetin) gave 100% rooted shoot buds. A combination of NAA (napthaleneacetic acid) + Kn and NAA+BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) also gave high percentages of rooted shoot buds. Ascorbic acid in the medium prevented the death of callus and plantlets, which followed darkening of the medium.
27 citations
TL;DR: Repeated treatments with a combination of streptomycin and carbenicillin eliminated the contaminant from D. innoxia cell cultures without harming the plant cells.
Abstract: We have discovered a bacterial contaminant in some cell cultures of Datura innoxia (Mill.). The bacterium was tentatively identified as a species of Hyphomicrobium on the basis of its morphology and life cycle, and was isolated and grown in pure culture on a defined medium. The contaminant was not macroscopically observable in plant cell cultures. It caused neither a reduction of plant cell growth nor a noticeable increase in culture turbidity. Furthermore, it was not readily detectable by many standard assays for culture contamination: it would not grow alone in plant culture medium or yeast extract potato dextrose medium, and grew only very slowly on nutrient agar or beef-peptone medium. Repeated treatments with a combination of streptomycin (100 μg/ml) and carbenicillin (100 μg/ml) eliminated the contaminant from D. innoxia cell cultures without harming the plant cells.
26 citations
TL;DR: Callus cultures from stem explants of six Lathyrus sativus L. cultivars were tested for their morphogenic capacity and complete lack of regeneration capacity was observed after the 8th passage.
Abstract: Callus cultures from stem explants of six Lathyrus sativus L. cultivars were tested for their morphogenic capacity. Shoot-buds were formed in calli of only one cultivar. Maximum response was observed in the medium containing 10-8 M picloram and 10-6 M benzylaminopurin. Supplementation with adenine sulphate was required for shoot-bud formation. The greatest frequency of shoot-bud formation was detected at the second passage and complete lack of regeneration capacity was observed after the 8th passage. Cell regenerates were diploid.
24 citations
TL;DR: The basal medium used was that described by Murashige and Skoog, supplemented with vitamins, glycine, myoinositol, sucrose, with or without agar, and different combinations of plant growth regulators.
Abstract: Shoot tips of M.4 apple clone were excised from actively growing one year-old stoolbed branches, and cultured in order to determine the optimal nutrient medium for each stage of their in vitro culture. The basal medium (BM) used was that described by Murashige and Skoog, supplemented with vitamins, glycine, myoinositol, sucrose, with or without agar, and different combinations of plant growth regulators. Best media for each stage were: BM+0.5 mg 1-1 indole-3yl-butyric acid (IBA)+0.5 mg 1-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for explant establishment (Stage I); BM+0.1 mg 1-1 IBA+1.0 mg 1-1 BAP for multiplication and internode enlargement (Stage II); and 2.0 mg 1-1 IBA+0.1 mg 1-1 BAP without agar for the rooting of the plantlets (Stage III).
12 citations
TL;DR: Cell wall invertase was found to possess catalytic activity in situ, whether or not the tissue was grown on sucrose, and it is hypothesized that the transitory increase in cell wall invertsase plays a role in sucrose hydrolysis during wound respiration, which takes place early in culture.
Abstract: Changes in insoluble or cell wall invertase and soluble invertase activity were examined during callus induction from tobacco pith-phloem explants and during callus proliferation on sucrose, glucose and fructose as carbon sources, or on transfer from culture on the hexoses to sucrose. In all cases there was a growth independent transitory increase in cell wall invertase early in culture. The magnitude of the increase was greatest in the presence of sucrose. Cell wall invertase was found to possess catalytic activity in situ, whether or not the tissue was grown on sucrose. It is hypothesized that the transitory increase in cell wall invertase plays a role in sucrose hydrolysis during wound respiration, which takes place early in culture.
11 citations
TL;DR: Calli from hypocotyl explant of Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) grew rapidly on Gamborg's B5 basal medium with the following supplements, whereas calli from leaf explant in these media grew slowly.
Abstract: Calli from hypocotyl explant of Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) grew rapidly on Gamborg's B5 basal medium with the following supplements, (i) 0.5 mg/l — 2,4-D (ii) 4 mg/l — NAA plus 2 mg/l — Kinetin and (iii) 0.2 mg/l — NAA plus 0.2 mg/l — BAP, whereas calli from leaf explant in these media grew slowly. Hypocotyl and leaf calli produced roots when transferred to basal medium only and shoots in basal medium with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.1 mg/l BAP. Ninety percent of the shoots produced roots when they were transferred to half strength MS inorganic salts supplemented with 0.5 mg/l each of IBA and NAA.
8 citations