Plant Omics 

About: Plant Omics is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Gene & Gene expression. It has an ISSN identifier of 1836-0661. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 517 publications have been published receiving 6262 citations.

Potential of Molecular Markers in Plant Biotechnology

Abstract: During the last few decades, the use of molecular markers, revealing polymorphism at the DNA level, has been playing an increasing part in plant biotechnology and their genetics studies. There are different types of markers viz. morphological, biochemical and DNA based molecular markers. These DNA based markers are differentiates in two types first non PCR based (RFLP) and second is PCR based markers (RAPD, AFLP, SSR, SNP etc.), amongst others, the microsatellite DNA marker has been the most widely used, due to its easy use by simple PCR, followed by a denaturing gel electrophoresis for allele size determination, and to the high degree of information provided by its large number of alleles per locus. Despite this, a new marker type, named SNP, for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, is now on the scene and has gained high popularity, even though it is only a bi-allelic type of marker. Day by day development of such new and specific types of markers makes their importance in understanding the genomic variability and the diversity between the same as well as different species of the plants. In this review, we will discuss about the biochemical and molecular markers their Advantages, disadvantages and the applications of the marker in comparison with other markers types.

Changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and plant performance by salinity stress and zinc application in soybean ( Glycine max L.)

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc application and salinity stress (0, 33, 66 and 99 mM NaCl) on some morphological and physiological parameters of soybean ('Glycine max' L., var. Williams). Results showed that zinc application improved shoot length, root fresh and dry weight and shoot fresh and dry weight under all salinity treatments. The catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase activity (POD) and also proline content increased as a result of salinity stress. Lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide concentration under the highest salinity were significantly greater than those under other treatments. However, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide concentration under salinity treatments significantly reduced as a result of zinc application. Zinc may act as a scavenger of ROS for mitigating the injury on biomembranes under salt stress. Adequate zinc also prevents uptake and accumulation of Na in shoot, by increasing membrane integrity of root cells.

Genetic Variability, Character Association and Genetic Divergence in Mungbean ('Vigna radiata' L. Wilczek)

Abstract: Genotypic and phenotypic variance, coefficient of variance, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path coefficient were evaluated for yield and its contributing characters in 26 Mungbean genotypes. Significant variations among the genotypes were observed for all the characters. High heritability (broad) along with high genetic advance in percent of mean was observed for plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant indicating these characters would be best for phenotypic selection. The number of pods per plant, panicle length and number of seeds per pod are positively correlated with grain yield. Based on path coefficient parameter, the number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod are the important characters. Twenty six genotypes were grouped into 3 clusters. Maximum number of genotypes (12) was grouped into cluster II. The maximum range of variability was observed for number of pods per plant (12.22 - 20.55) among all the characters in 3 clusters. Crosses involving cluster I and III may exhibit high heterosis for yield as well as earliness.

Effect of nano-silicon application on the expression of salt tolerance genes in germinating tomato ('Solanum lycopersicum' L.) seedlings under salt stress

Abstract: Nowadays, nano-silicon (N-Si) has been used to enhance seed germination, plant growth, and improvement of photosynthetic quantum under environmental stresses. In this study, we examined the effects of different doses of N-Si on the salt tolerance of tomato ('Solanum lycopersicum' L.) plants during germination. The tomato seeds were treated with different doses of N-Si and were germinated under salt stress. The seed germination and seedling growth of tomato plants were significantly inhibited by salt stress. However, this inhibition was alleviated by the exposure to N-Si. The germination percentage and germination rate of tomato seeds and the root length and fresh weight of tomato seedlings were increased after exposure to N-Si under NaCl stress. The expression profiles of salt stress genes were investigated with the semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Of the fourteen investigated salt stress genes, four genes, 'AREB, TAS14, NCED3 and CRK1', were upregulated, and six genes, 'RBOH1, APX2, MAPK2, ERF5, MAPK3 and DDF2', were downregulated with exposure to N-Si under salt stress. The gene expression patterns associated with exposure to N-Si suggested a potential involvement of N-Si in the plant's response to stress, an indication that N-Si might be useful to improve plants' tolerance of salinity.

Trehalose-induced drought stress tolerance: a comparative study among different Brassica species.

Abstract: Comparative responses of three Brassica species including B. napus, B. campestris and B. juncea under polyethylene glycol induced drought stress and the protective effects of exogenous Trehalose were investigated. Although drought reduced fresh, dry weight, chlorophyll (chl) contents; increased proline (Pro) content and oxidative stresses (lipoxygenase, LOX activity; malondealdehyde, MDA; H2O2 contents) along with altered antioxidant and glyoxalase systems in all Brassica species, B. juncea seems to be the most drought tolerant species showing the least oxidative damage due to enhancement of some non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. Combination of Tre and drought improved performance of all species, but responses were different. In B. juncea, combination of Tre with drought improved seedlings’ fresh weight, dry weight, leaf relative water content (RWC), chl a, chl b, ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH) contents, AsA/DHA (ratio of AsA and dehydroascorbate) and GSH/GSSG (reduced to oxidized GSH) ratios; enhanced ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities; reduced MDA, H2O2, Pro (proline), LOX activity. Brassica napus seedlings with Tre addition under drought showed improved seedlings’ fresh weight, dry weight, GSH/GSSG ratio; upregulated catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glyoxalase I (Gly I) activities; reduced MDA, H2O2 contents and LOX activity. In B. campestris Tre supplementation with drought improved fresh weight, RWC, chl a, chl b, chl (a+b) contents; AsA/DHA ratio, MDHAR activity. The results suggest that B. juncea is naturally drought tolerant species and moreover, its drought tolerance capability is further enhanced by exogenous Tre application.