Showing papers in "Polymer Degradation and Stability in 1989"

TL;DR: The use of fire retardants of intumescent systems which on heating give a swollen char is reviewed in this article, with reference to specific problems derived from dilution in the polymeric matrix.

TL;DR: Stabilizers for plastics introduced into the Japanese market since 1974 are surveyed in this article, where major developments have occurred in the field of hindered phenols and hindered amines, followed by phosphorus antioxidants and UV absorbers.

TL;DR: In this paper, the thermo-oxidative stability of high density polyethylene was studied using multiple extrusions and functional group concentral ions were measured by FT1R spectroscopy and related to rheological changes.

TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical time-temperature-dose rate shifting procedure was proposed for combined radiation-thermal environments, yielding an empirically-derived isothermal curve for a given amount of material damage versus dose rate at a selected reference temperature.

TL;DR: In this paper, several types of thermoplastic and latex rubber materials commonly encountered in marine plastic debris were weathered in air and while floating in sea water, under North Carolina climatic conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, the main factors which influence weathering, including solar radiation, heat, humidity, oxygen and industrial pollution, are considered in detail, and the principles of accelerated testing are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of primary radicals formed from the random scission of anionically polymerized poly(methl,l methacrylate), PMMA, during thermal degradation is investigated by a theoretical and t.xperimental study.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the PET foil hydrolysis at 100°C using gravimetric, IR spectrophotometric and microcalorimetric methods and confirmed the existence of a chemicrystallization process.

TL;DR: A series of phosphorus functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) samples where the phosphorus functions are located at the chain ends, as pendant groups and as blocks in the middle of the polymer chain were evaluated for their flame and thermal resistance as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the photo-oxidations of various polybutadienes (BR) with different compositions (i.e. with different relative concentrations of 1-4 trans, 1−4 cis, 1-2 vinyl groups) have been compared and found to be very similar.

TL;DR: In this paper, the primary thermal decomposition processes of a series of aliphatic polyamides were investigated by Direct Chemical Ionization (DCI) and Tandem mass spectrometry.

TL;DR: In this article, the current status of polyolefin stabilization is reviewed with respect to processing, long-term heat aging (LTHA) and UV stability, and the main trends in practical stabilization are discussed in detail.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that metallic hydroxides act as flame retardants, owing to the water released during heating, but they also act as catalysts for the oxidation of carbonaceous residues.

TL;DR: In this paper, the combustion behavior of an intumescent fire retardant polypropylene filled with hydrated silica or alumina is evaluated in relation to its foaming behaviour on heating and to the structure and thermal insulation properties of the char formed on burning.

TL;DR: In this paper, the photo-oxidation of styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR) was investigated for comparison with the photodynamic properties of various polybutadienes (BR).

TL;DR: In this paper, a polypropylene (PP) film containing 0.25 wt% of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) powder was photoirradiated for times up to 200 h at room temperature in air.

TL;DR: In this article, an end-initiated ester interchange mechanism was proposed for the decomposition of poly(trimethylene carbonate), similar in some respects to the scheme proposed in the case of polyglycollide.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of reclaimed rubber (RR) as part of a solid phase dispersant (SPD) system, based on NR/PP, in the incompatible binary blend of polypropylene/low density polyethylene (PP/LDPE) was examined.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of photographic processing and metal ion contaminants on the degradation characteristics of cellulose triacetate cinematograph film have been examined, and the results obtained from examination of the photographic process suggest that the redox nature of many reagents used in the latter stages of processing is a significant contributor to the reduction in induction period observed prior to degradation.

TL;DR: In this article, the thermal degradation of polyamides 11 and 12 was studied under an inert atmosphere and the influence of a commercial halogenated flame retardant (decabromodiphenyl alone or associated with antimony trioxide) on the different reactions concerned.

TL;DR: In this paper, the regeneration of >NO· and quinones in oxidized polypropylene has been studied and evidence for the influence of hydroperoxide groups on regeneration of inhibitors was obtained.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of diammonium pyrophosphate and pentaerythritol in the molar ratio 1/1 was shown to give an intumescent material in the temperature range 240-340°C via the formation of an ester.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 2-acrylamidopyridine (2-ACYL) homopolymer and polymer complexes with transition metal chlorides were characterized by elemental analyses, electronic and vibration spectroscopic studies and magnetic moments.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the intramolecular transfer mechanism, commonly assumed to be responsible for oligomer formation, is not compatible with the results obtained from polystyrene and its copolymers in certain situations.

TL;DR: In this article, the thermal decomposition mechanisms of some polycarbonates have been studied by direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry and the results indicate that aliphatic polycarbonate decompose by intramolecular exchange processes which produce cyclic compounds as primary pyrolyses products.

TL;DR: In this paper, a cascade mechanism is suggested for calix[ n ]arenes as light stabilizers for polyolefins, and the best stabilizers of this type are as effective as 2-hydroxybenzophenones.

TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of polyvinylchloride (PVC) has been carried out in trichlorobenzene (TCB) solution at 187°C in the presence of zinc and calcium stearates and β-diketone compounds (BDCs).

TL;DR: In this paper, the spatial homogeneity along the light direction can be studied by a micro-FTIR spectro-photometric technique, which is used to predict the fate of solid synthetic polymeric materials ageing outdoors.

TL;DR: In this article, the thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in trichlorobenzene (TCB) solution at 187°C has been studied in the presence of various mixtures of zinc and calcium stearates, using coulometric titration of chloride ions, HCl evolution measurements and spectroscopic analysis (FTIR and UV) of the degraded polymer at various times.

TL;DR: In this paper, some features of diffusion-controlled polymer oxidation are discussed and the difficulty of oxygen transport results in a decrease in the observed oxidation rate of thick polymer samples, and the dependence of oxidation rate on the flat sample thickness is derived.