Showing papers in "Preprints-American Chemical Society Division of Petroleum Chemistry in 1984"

Nitric oxide (NO) reduction by retorted oil shale

Abstract: Nitric oxide gas (NO) is effectively reduced by retorted oil shale. At 300/sup 0/C half of the NO in a gas stream is removed when the gas stream contacts a bed of crushed retorted oil shale for 0.4 s. The fraction removed in 0.4 s reaches 90% at a temperature of 375/sup 0/C. As long as the reducing agent, presumed to be char in the retorted shale, is not depleted, the rate of reduction of NO appears to be proportional to the partial pressure of NO, and our results can be expressed in terms of a rate constant (k) which is a function of temperature (T, Kelvin) as follows: k = Ae/sup -//sup E/RT/ (s/sup -1/), where A = 4.0 x 10/sup 5/ (s/sup -1/) and E = 59.7 kJ/mole. This rate is many times faster than the rate of reduction of NO by coal char as measured by Furusawa et al. (1983). The principal reduction reaction is unknown; it does not release CO/sub 2/.

General kinetic model of oil shale pyrolysis

Abstract: The authors present a mathematical model that is used to calculate accurately the oil yield for any arbitrary pyrolysis conditions. As presently formulated, it is valid only for Green River oil shale, but it could be easily modified for other oil shales. A central feature of this model is that it divides the oil into 11 boiling-point fractions in order to treat evaporation more rigorously. This feature also allows cracking of heavy fractions to lighter fractions, enabling a calculation of the effect of pyrolysis conditions on the boiling-point distribution of the product oil. The model is tested under a wide range of pyrolysis conditions for which data are available in the literature.

The chemistry of mesophase formation

Abstract: La mesophase est un intermediaire entre les brais et le coke et est important industriellement car les caracteristiques des artefacts de carbone dependent de celles de la mesophase. Par exemple la viscosite de la mesophase (qui est dependante de la chimie du brai) influence la macrocristallinite, c.-a-d. la texture optique du coke resolvant

Progress of pitch based carbon fiber in Japan

Abstract: La technologie de la fibre de carbone au Japon a eu un remarquable developpement. L'expose se developpe de la facon suivante: 1) Bref historique des fibres de carbone au Japon; 2) recent progres dans la chimie des brais; 3) recentes tendances dans les methodes de preparation des fibres de carbone; 4) les fibres de carbones pour le renforcement des ciments; 5) Autres sujets

Higher pH acid stimulation systems

Abstract: Resume d'une communication consacree a la theorie et aux experiences utilisees dans le developpement des deux systemes de stimulation acide a PH compris entre 4 et 6 pour des reservoirs a gres et carbonates

Reactions of a cationic bridging methylidyne-iron complex with carbon monoxide and with alkenes

Abstract: Etude experimentale de ces reactions considerees comme faisant partie du mecanisme de la catalyse de la reaction de Fischer-Tropsch sur des catalyseurs a base de fer

Alteration of heavy crudes under high pressure steam conditions

Abstract: L'utilisation d'injection de vapeur comme stimulation ou procede de direction pour accroitre la production a partir des reservoirs petroliers a ete conforte par un grand nombre d'applications en vraie grandeur

High surface area active carbon

Abstract: Preparation et propriete d'un carbone actif unique ayant une surface active exceptionnellement elevee, plus de 2500 m 2 /g et d'extraordinaires capacites absorbantes. Le carbone est fabrique par une route d'activation chimique directe dans laquelle le coke de petrole et les autres sources carbonees reagissent avec un exces d'hydroxyde de potassium a 400-500°C vers un produit intermediaire qui est subsequemment pyrolyse a 800-900°C en carbone actif contenant des sels de potassium

Poly-n-alkylbenzene compounds. A class of thermally stable and wide liquid range fluids

Abstract: Fabrication de trichlorobenzenes, de tetrachlorobenzenes, de dichloroalkylbenzenes et de bromure d'alkylmagnesium par couplage croise. Les liquides obtenus, de poids moleculaires eleves, peuvent etre utilises comme fluides thermiques. La stabilite thermique et chimique par rapport a l'oxydation et a la corrosion, les proprietes rheologiques et lubrifiantes des triakylbenzenes sont etudiees

Emission FTIR analyses of jet fuel deposits

Abstract: Etude de la tendance d'un combustible experimental de reference a former des depots sur une lame d'acier inoxydable de rugosite ordinaire en presence de pyrrole et de thiophene

Characterization and geochemistry of Devonian oil shale North Alabama - South Central Tennessee

Abstract: Based on the physical and chemical data obtained to date, the Devonian oil shale rock of north Alabama and south-central Tennessee appears to offer an attractive potential for future resource development. The shale rock appears to have formed in a restrictive marine environment which provided opportunity for the accumulation of marine organic matter to form sufficient kerogen. The shale contains approximately 18% to 22% organic matter which is primarily kerogen. The kerogen has a relatively high H:C ratio indicative of an alginite and/or exinite source (Type 1 and Type II kerogen) and a high proportion of alkane and saturated ring hydrocarbons. However, a few samples have low H:C ratio values and are interpreted to have been formed in a shallow water oxdizing environment. Also, there is a possibility that these low H:C values may represent mixtures of terrestrial and marine organic material suggesting lateral facies changes of the rock from marine to near shore depositional environments. Trace metal values for both the whole rock and the shale oil fraction indicate a generally high V:Ni ratio, also indicative of a marine environment. Other trace metal values are in good agreement with data from other Devonian shales. Throughout the north Alabama andmore » south-central Tennessee study area, the average oil yield from the shale is 13.9 gallon per ton. The highest oil yield values were obtained from the middle and upper parts of the shale sequence. Based on the crude oil composition diagram, the Alabama-Tennessee shale oil is classified as a aromatic-intermediate oil. Estimated reserves of inplace shale oil resources in the principal study area, under less than 200 feet of overburden, exceeds 12.5 billion barrels.« less

Nitrogen compound induced storage instability in shale derived diesel fuel marine

Abstract: Les problemes associes avec la stabilite au stockage des fuel-oils marins incluent la formation de sediments insolubles et de gommes aussi bien que la production de peroxydes et de corps colores

Thermal properties of Australian oil shales: characterization by thermal analysis and infrared spectrophotometry

Abstract: The authors combine thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques with infrared (ir) transmission spectrometry to provide pyrolysis and oxidative profiles as a means of characterizing and comparing Australian oil shales.

Interfacial chenmistry of the hot water process for recovering bitumen from the Athabasca oil sands

Abstract: Etude experimentale du role des agents de surface naturels dans le traitement de sables asphaltiques du gisement de Mildred Lake a l'eau chaude

Anode carbon usage in the aluminum industry

Abstract: Comment l'anode en carbone est-elle consommee? Caracteristiques d'une bonne anode en carbone. Proprietes des liants pour anode. Propriete du filler pour coke. Influence des variables de la cokefaction sur la qualite du coke. Comment la calcination affecte-t-elle la qualite du coke. Importants facteurs de fabrication des anodes. Performance de l'anode dans la cellule de reduction

Nitrogen-containing components from shale oil as modifiers in paving applications

Abstract: As part of continuing research on moisture damage in asphaltic pavements, this work is an investigation of the strength of nitrogen compound-aggregate interactions before and after subjecting the nitrogen compound-treated aggregates to a warm water-benzene soak. Temperature-programmed thermal desorption of the nitrogen compounds from the treated aggregate surfaces through three different temperature ranges was used to determine the relative strength or stability of the nitrogen-aggregate bond. Upon thermal desorption, nitrogen in the evolved gases was determined by a chemiluminescent detector. Another area investigated was the ability of nitrogen-rich shale oil fractions to disperse asphaltenes in oxidatively-aged asphalts in anticipation of their use as potential recycle agents for aged petroleum asphalts. Pavement rehabilitation projects frequently add recycle or rejuvenating agents to aged asphaltic pavements to restore desired viscoelastic properties to the embrittled asphalt binder.

Oil shales deposits in Jordan

Abstract: Occurrences of oil shale have been reported in most of the Jordanian districts. The geological studies and exploration for water, oil and minerals showed that oil shale is widely distributed in many parts of the country, either outcropping at the surface or encountered in exploratory wells. The following are the main localities of oil shale: (a) in northern Jordan (Irbid District), for example at Yarmouk river, Buweida and Beit Ras villages and at Risha H-4 area in the north-eastern Panhandle; (b) in Central Jordan (Karak District) in the area between Al-Husseinieh in the south and Daba'a in the north along the Desert Highway and also in El-Lajjun area; (c) Southern Jordan (Ma'an Area) at Jafr area; (d) West Bank - Nabi Musa Area. The average thickness of oil shale deposits varies from 30 m in El-Lajjun area to 400 m in the Yarmouk area. A conservative estimate of oil shale reserves in Jordan is 50 billion tons. What is really important is not the total reserves that may exist but the minable reserves. This includes deposits with favorable characteristics for large scale, economical development. The deposits in Central Jordan have been selected for detailed studies because they are the shallowestmore » known deposits which offer favorable mining conditions, the area is traversed by main roads in the central part of the country where a reasonable infrastructure exists and reasonable amounts of groundwater are available for the industrial utilization. Among the deposits in Central Jordan, El-Lajjun has been selected for feasibility studies.« less

Structural characterization of supercritical gas extracts and residues of Fushun and Maoming oil shale

Abstract: Caracterisation de la structure chimique d'extraits de deux schistes bitumineux chinois par du toluene en etat hypercritique et caracterisation de la structure des pores des residus d'extraction

Sulfur functional groups in heavy oils and their transformations in steam injected enhanced oil recovery

Abstract: On presente une methode valide scientifique par le groupe des composes soufres et on donne des exemples de son application par les huiles venezueliennes lourdes

Evidence for the formation of gas phase radicals at surfaces

Abstract: Recemment plusieurs chercheurs ont demontre l'importance des reactions heterogene-homogene sur les processus catalytiques. Dans ces types de reactions, les intermediaires de surface desorbent en phase gazeuse pendant que les reactions homogenes subsequentes ont lieu. La preuve directe de ces intermediaires en phase gazeuse a ete limitee a cause de leur haute reactivite. On donne des resultats concernant la formation de radicaux en phase allyle et methyl, en plus des produits stables durant l'oxydation du propylene et methane

Mesophase Mechanisms in the Formation of Graphitic Microstructures

Abstract: : Since most graphitic materials form by means of a liquid-crystal (mesophase) transformation, their microstructures differ fundamentally from those of conventional metals or ceramics. The microconstituents may be viewed as mesophase fossils, with lamelliform morphologies free of grain boundaries, but with the disclinations and distorted layers characteristic of liquid crystals. Hot-stage studies of the carbonaceous mesophase in the fluid state have demonstrated such typical liquid-crystalline behavior as spherulecoalescence, disclination reactions, and orientation fluctuations. However, the mesophase usually congeals to coke while under mechanical deformation, e.g., by bubble percolation in the delayed coker, so that the acicular and lamellar constituents of needle coke are nonequilibrium microstructures locked into place as the mesophase hardens. Mesophase carbon fibers, formed by the drawing and quenching of mesophase pitch, represent extreme examples of deformed mesophase morphologies. Disclination models can be constructed for the internal structures of mesophase carbon filters.

Examination of shale-derived polar compounds and their effects on diesel fuel stability

Abstract: This study is an examination of the effects of adding shale-derived polar fractions to a stable shale base fuel. Polar compounds have been isolated from two different shale sources by mild acid extraction followed by adsorption on silica gel. The identification of the extract components by combined gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, as well as the results of accelerated storage stability tests, are described in this paper.

Delayed coking process update

Abstract: Depuis le commencement le procede de base de la cokefaction retardee est reste dans les grandes lignes inchange. Mais les matieres premieres, l'equipement de procede et la philosophie operatoire a change substantiellement. La cokefaction retardee a evolue de facon a traiter un large echantillonnage de charges lourdes, a haute teneur en soufre tout en produisant des produits de qualite avec un bon rendement

Arsenic poisoning of hydrodesulfurization catalysts

Abstract: L'empoisonnement des catalyseurs par l'arsenic, particulierement les catalyseurs de reformage et d'hydrotraitement est un probleme qui dure depuis longtemps. Le recent interet du raffinage des huiles de schiste a amplifie ce probleme, etant donne que les huiles de schiste contiennent 20-40 ppm d'arsenic. Dans cette etude on a employe plusieurs methodes pour clarifier la nature de l'empoisonnement par l'arsenic dans les catalyseurs d'hydrodesulfuration

Kinetic study of hydrocarbon forming pyrolysis of Fushun and Maoming oil shales

Abstract: The Rock Eval apparatus for studying hydrocarbon-forming kinetics of oil shales is used on four Chinese oil shale samples. Under experimental conditions, the main stage of hydrocarbon formation during pyrolysis may be treated as an overall first order kinetic model. The experimental data are well fitted with the kinetic equations obtained with calculated apparent activation energy and frequency factor. The time required for pyrolysis under constant temperature are also calculated. The results may be used for the design of the pyrolysis retort, especially for fine particles of oil shales.

Investigation of organic products from the thermal treatment of Green River oil shale with methanol and water

Abstract: Etude experimentale du traitement d'un schiste bitumineux de Green River par un melange methanol-eau a differentes conditions hypercritiques

Interaction of tetrahydrofuran with Athabasca bitumen

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to investigate the interaction of tetrahydrofuran with Athabasca bitumen both as an eluent in the GPC fractionation and as a solvent. The fractions have been characterized using elemental analyses and infrared and /sup 13/C nmr spectroscopy.