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Showing papers in "Problems and perspectives in management in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a literature review of 39 empirical studies on key audit matter disclosure in audit reports, focusing on five major streams of empirical research that analyse the impact of KAM disclosure on stakeholders' reactions: shareholders, debtholders, external auditors, boards of directors, and other stakeholders.
Abstract: This article presents a literature review of 39 empirical studies on key audit matter (KAM) disclosure in audit reports. The study involves a structured literature review on KAM disclosure based on the reactions of stakeholders. The limitations of former studies and useful recommendations for research are stressed. Five major streams of empirical research that analyse the impact of KAM disclosure on stakeholders’ reactions are focused: (1) shareholders (e.g. investors’ perceptions of auditors’ responsibility and litigation, value relevance and investors’ decisions); (2) debtholders (e.g. loan contracting terms); (3) external auditors (e.g. audit processes and audit fees); (4) boards of directors (e.g. earnings management); and (5) other stakeholders (e.g. informational value for suppliers and customers). We stress that most of the included studies use experimental or archival data and analyse the impact of KAM disclosure on investor reactions in a US-American setting. As the international standard setters assume a positive impact of KAM on stakeholder reactions, mixed empirical results are found. Although there are some indications of decreased earnings management behaviour, most studies find no significant changes in auditor behaviour. Furthermore, there are many insignificant results with regard to shareholders’ reaction in line with our stakeholder and behavioural agency framework. Our literature review is especially useful for management decisions because firm reputation may be positively or negatively influenced by KAM regulations.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Melnyk et al. as mentioned in this paper studied the effect of industrial revolutions on the transformation of social and economic systems and found that industrial revolutions are a major factor in the success and failure of economic systems.
Abstract: ARTICLE INFO Leonid Melnyk, Oleksandr Kubatko, Iryna Dehtyarova, Oleksandr Matsenko and Oleksandr Rozhko (2019). The effect of industrial revolutions on the transformation of social and economic systems. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(4), 381-391. doi:10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.31 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.31 RELEASED ON Friday, 27 December 2019 RECEIVED ON Friday, 11 October 2019 ACCEPTED ON Monday, 16 December 2019

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of total tax revenue on agricultural performance in Nigeria was examined and it was found that a positive and significant relationship exists between revenue obtained in the agricultural sector, capital in agricultural sector proxy by loan and agricultural output, while employment and total tax generated are not significant in short run.
Abstract: The responsibility of the government of any economy cannot be overemphasized. Likewise, the resources generated and infrastructural development helps to boost the economic growth of any nation. There has been overdependency of Nigerian economy on the oil sector, the major source of revenue. However, this sector has experienced several challenges ranging from devaluation in naira and fall in prices of crude oil in the international market. This serves as a revelation for the Nigerian government to seek an additional source of income. To this end, the main aim of this paper is to examine the impact of total tax revenue on agricultural performance in Nigeria. The study uses Engel and Granger approach to cointegration to establish the long- and shortrun behavior, it was found that a positive and significant relationship exists between revenue obtained in the agricultural sector, capital in agricultural sector proxy by loan and agricultural output, while employment and total tax generated are not significant in the short run. In the long run, employment, capital and total revenue are statistically significant with agricultural output, while tax is insignificant. The implication of the result showed that tax has not yielded desirable result in promoting the agricultural sector in Nigeria. To promote pro-poor growth, long-run employment and improve overall welfare, there is a need to incorporate benefit from tax into agricultural performance. The study recommends among others the need for a systemic approach, given a significant percentage of the total tax generated to boost the development of the agricultural sector. Keywords agriculture output, taxation, employment JEL Classification E62, O4

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an evaluation of organizational culture in international-scale hotel in Yogyakarta, Indonesia has been conducted and the results of the study illustrate the importance of internal and external dimension consistency for international business competitiveness.
Abstract: This paper is mainly to study implementation of organizational culture in enhancing business competitiveness. Culture is seen as a soft system tool that reflects beliefs that are able to drive business performance in an international environment. Today, culture is a part of instrument to measure organizational readiness in managing business in an international environment. The research is focused on evaluatiny organizational culture in international-scale hotel in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. International-scale hotels are faced with differences in the nature of employees and customers, so management needs to develop a culture type as a strategy to encourage business competitiveness. The research applies Denison’s organizational culture model with four dimensions: involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission. Sample includes 248 working people at four star hotels with various positions, that is managers, supervisors and employees. The results of the study found that international hotel chains have the power to carry out internal alignment as a strategy to increase competitiveness through employee empowerment programs, team orientation, skills development, and alignment of work values. The results of the study illustrate the importance of internal and external dimension consistency for international business competitiveness.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a survey among full-time students-financiers at domestic universities in September and October 2018 to determine the role of universities in disseminating the social responsibility practices in the insurance sector.
Abstract: The desire and ability to apply the concept of social responsibility is directly proportional to a culture that is formed due to the relevant knowledge, skills and qualifications. It is believed that university education is able to interest future owners, experts and clients of insurance companies in running socially responsible activities.The purpose of the study is to determine the role of universities in disseminating the social responsibility practices in the insurance sector.The main method of research is the survey conducted among 536 full-time students-financiers at domestic universities in September and October 2018. This method allowed to identify peculiarities of students’ perception of the social responsibility concept in the insurance sector of Ukraine. The case study method was also applied to reflect the social responsibility practices used by domestic insurance companies.As a result of the combination of the methods proposed, the low level of students’ knowledge of social responsibility in the insurance sector and the low interest of insurance companies as compared to foreign insurance companies have been shown. That is why, in the process of training, it is important for universities to focus on the proper world-view positions and value orientations, dialog and ethical cooperation that will enhance the professional training of students and develop modern professional competence among them that will meet international practices and requirements.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method for assessing the probability of bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises based on the fuzzy sets method, which will include indicators of international financial reporting and allow more efficient administration and management of this process.
Abstract: Managing and evaluating the probability of bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises is one of the most complex and relevant problems of the economy and management. In the context of Ukraine’s integration into the international space, there is an arising issue of assessing the bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises that meets international financial standards and allows administering this process. A qualitative assessment of the bankruptcy of an enterprise is possible only using artificial intelligence methods – the fuzzy sets method, which allows including qualitative and quantitative indicators to the model for assessing bankruptcy of enterprises in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to improve the existing method for assessing the probability of bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises on the basis of the fuzzy sets method, which will include indicators of international financial reporting and allow more efficient administration and management of this process. The subject of the research is the process of formalizing the method of the enterprise bankruptcy assessment in accordance with the indicators of International Financial Reporting Standards. The study offers a mechanism for a comprehensive assessment of the probability of bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises with the use of the methods of fuzzy sets, which is based on international financial indicators: current ratio, payable turnover ratio, equity turnover ratio, return on assets, equity-to-debt ratio. The mechanism allows quickly managing bankruptcy conditions. In order to administer the economic activity of the bankrupt enterprises, based on the theory of a fuzzy sets, a system of enterprises management takes into account the international financial reporting.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new academic discipline of computational entrepreneurship is proposed, which centers on an exponentially growing (and less expensive) computing power, to the extent that almost everybody in a modern society can own and use that.
Abstract: The development of technology is unbelievably rapid. From limited local networks to high speed Internet, from crude computing machines to powerful semi-conductors, the world had changed drastically compared to just a few decades ago. In the constantly renewing process of adapting to such an unnaturally high-entropy setting, innovations as well as entirely new concepts, were often born. In the business world, one such phenomenon was the creation of a new type of entrepreneurship. This paper proposes a new academic discipline of computational entrepreneurship, which centers on: (i) an exponentially growing (and less expensive) computing power, to the extent that almost everybody in a modern society can own and use that; (ii) omnipresent high-speed Internet connectivity, wired or wireless, representing our modern day’s economic connectomics; (iii) growing concern of exploiting “serendipity” for a strategic commercial advantage; and (iv) growing capabilities of lay people in performing calculations for their informed decisions in taking fast-moving entrepreneurial opportunities. Computational entrepreneurship has slowly become a new mode of operation for business ventures and will likely bring the academic discipline of entrepreneurship back to mainstream economics.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-sectional qualitative research approach was employed in an effort aimed at understanding the role of RBV in creating a sustainable competitive advantage and key competencies, and a total of 20 relevant articles were searched from different databases and search engines, including Scopus, EBSCO, ABI Inform, IEEE, PubMed, Science Direct, SABINET, IEEE and Google Scholar.
Abstract: The increasing turmoil in the external organizational setting or business environment has focused attention on capabilities and resources as the primary source of competitive advantage. Obviously, this statement points to the application of the resource-based view (RBV) of organizational management. Nevertheless, what constitutes RBV remains an illusion in many quarters of organizational management, as scholars have managed to put up their personal ideas, and managed to converge on phenomenon-driven theories, in addition to RBV. This paper reviews the concepts of RBV in light of knowledge management to highlight some critical pitfalls that might have eluded the research community on the subject matter of RBV. To this end, this paper’s educational value lies in the fact that it simplifies the concept of RBV to the new researcher in a fashion that is capable of appealing to his or her level. A cross-sectional qualitative research approach was employed in an effort aimed at understanding the role of RBV in creating a sustainable competitive advantage and key competencies. A total of 20 relevant articles were searched from different databases and search engines, including Scopus, EBSCO, ABI Inform, IEEE, PubMed, Science Direct, SABINET, IEEE, Bing, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The findings indicate that RBV plays an important role and assists organizations not only create, nurture, and maintain competitive advantage, but also understand the collective resources needed to compete favorably in a globalized and highly competitive market. With expert knowledge workers at its core to provide support for knowledge creation, sharing, and utilization, the RBV principles discussed in this paper promise to guarantee a methodological step geared towards the achievement of competitive advantage. It, therefore, makes an incremental contribution to the RBV to attain modest improvement in organizational settings.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Shaad Habeeb1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), workplace spirituality (WS) and job performance (JP) in a non-western setting where primary quantitative research was conducted in an Indian setting.
Abstract: Companies across the world are struggling to keep the employees engaged and retained to their work. Moreover, today’s workforce is increasingly seeking intrinsic benefits beyond the material rewards of a job. In this context, this study aims to assess the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), workplace spirituality (WS) and job performance (JP) in a non-Western setting where primary quantitative research was conducted in an Indian setting. The sector under study was Banking, Finance, and Insurance Services (BFSI), given retention issues since the financial crisis of 2008. A statistically evaluated sample of 433 respondents was utilized to attain the findings. Results revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between OCB, WS and JP that was achieved through regression analysis. However, findings also showed that OCB is not a moderator between WS and JP. The gap in the research was addressed given the lack of studies determining the impact of OCB on individual job performance. Further, the impact was positively highlighted in the Indian context. The implications to the BFSI sector were made that required companies to promote a culture for voluntary work practices to enhance JP.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study the perceptions of millennials towards brand activism, so that the findings from the study can help the brand managers to steer their brands into the troubled waters of brand activism.
Abstract: The reckless pursuit of social, environmental, political and cultural issues and brands may alienate the very customer base, whom they try to impress, especially the millennials. Hence, this study intends to study the perceptions of millennials towards brand activism, so that the findings from the study can help the brand managers to steer their brands into the troubled waters of brand activism. The methodology followed is HTAB (Hypothesize, Test, Action, Business), a popular analysis framework given by Ken Black in his book titled “Business Statistics: Contemporary Decision Making (6th ed.)” A sample comprising of 286 respondents was collected. The final data had 286 observations and 45 features across seven categories.

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A panel regression model was adopted in this paper to examine the implication of corporate dynamism on cash holding decisions spanning six years from 2012 to 2017, and the authors found that directors with significant holdings tend to be more aggressive towards activities that enhance the performance of a firm, one of which is ensuring that optimal level of cash is held at a particular point in time in order to guide against liquidity problems, which may be caused by over trading or even keeping excess idle cash, which is supposed to be invested in profitable ventures.
Abstract: Cash holding decision is a very crucial decision that strongly affects the performance of an organization. Corporate dynamism as a corporate governance tool was explored in this study in order to establish its relationship with cash holding decision in listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Board skill, female leadership, foreign directors, board ownership and directors’ compensation were used as proxies for corporate dynamism. A panel regression model was adopted in this study to examine the implication of corporate dynamism on cash holding decisions spanning six years from 2012 to 2017. Random sampling technique was employed in order to arrive at thirty firms out of thirty-seven listed manufacturing firms, which comprised industrial and consumer goods sector. Board ownership and the existence of foreign expatriates were found to have a significant effect on cash holding decisions. It is concluded that directors with significant holdings tend to be more aggressive towards activities that enhance the performance of a firm, one of which is ensuring that optimal level of cash is held at a particular point in time in order to guide against liquidity problems, which may be caused by overtrading or even keeping excess idle cash, which is supposed to be invested in profitable ventures. Also, the fact that the existence of foreign expatriates will affect cash holding decisions, which may be justified by the fact foreign expatriates are displaying expertise because of diverse experience that they have been able to gain from different parts of the world.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study of the SAP Industry 4.0 startup program is presented, where the authors qualitatively examine a newly established corporate accelerator program of one of the world's largest enterprise software companies and provide valuable insights for practitioners and scholars engaged in corporate accelerators.
Abstract: Corporate accelerators are on the rise and established companies from a diverse set of industries and regions have set up such startup support programs to predominantly pursue strategic goals. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the benefits of corporate accelerators from a corporate perspective and that of the participating startups. In order to do so, this in-depth single-site case study investigates the SAP Industry 4.0 Startup Program building upon an inductive research design with explorative nature. The authors qualitatively examine a newly established corporate accelerator program of one of the world’s largest enterprise software companies and provide valuable insights for both practitioners and scholars engaged in corporate accelerators. The benefits for startups participating in corporate accelerator programs can be linked to operational go-to-market acceleration in regards to product development, sales acceleration, as well as skill and knowledge development. Moreover, the startups receive benefits linked to strategic business development acceleration in the areas of strategy and business model improvements, pitching, financing, and strategic partner development. At the same time, corporate accelerators overall aim to increase the competitiveness of established companies running such programs by developing a product ecosystem and the brand, infusing startup culture into the organization and developing customer relationships.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a study in 39 villages and sub-districts in the city of Jayapura, Indonesia, where permanent employees were chosen as research respondents, this research was census research.
Abstract: Villages and sub-districts in Jayapura city are public organizations that provide service to the community. Villages and urban organizations require leadership, organizational culture and strong work motivation to support performance improvement. This research was conducted in 39 villages and sub-districts in the city of Jayapura. The population of this study was permanent employees in the villages and sub-districts in the city of Jayapura, which numbered 96 employees. All populations were chosen as research respondents, this research was census research. The analytical tool used in the research is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study show that, first, direct leadership has no significant effect on employee performance, second, organizational culture has a significant effect on employee performance, third, leadership has a significant effect on work motivation, fourth, organizational culture has a significant effect on work motivation, fifth, work motivation has a significant effect on employee performance, sixth, work motivation is a perfect mediator of the influence of leadership on employee performance, seventh, work motivation as a partial mediator of the influence of organizational culture on employee performance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Stavytskyy et al. as discussed by the authors tested the fruitfulness of the institutional environment for the development of innovative-entrepreneurial universities in Ukraine and found that it is conducive to the creation of successful universities.
Abstract: ARTICLE INFO Andriy Stavytskyy, Oleksandr Dluhopolskyi, Ganna Kharlamova, Anatolii Karpuk and Valeriy Osetskyi (2019). Testing the fruitfulness of the institutional environment for the development of innovative-entrepreneurial universities in Ukraine. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(4), 274-288. doi:10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.23 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.23 RELEASED ON Friday, 20 December 2019 RECEIVED ON Thursday, 10 October 2019 ACCEPTED ON Monday, 25 November 2019

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used correlation-regression analysis to determine the relationship between average income and factors affecting its level, and found that the gradual changes in the content of labor and forms of its organization that happen in modern conditions under the influence of dissemination of information and communication technologies require new approaches to income adjustment, management of employment of the population, development of professional education system.
Abstract: The rapid spread of information technologies and other phenomena in the new economy causes significant changes in the social and employment spheres. The objective is mainly to analyze and systematize the peculiarities of labor and payment for it in the new economy. In this paper, the analytical grouping method for characterizing salary functions, as well as changes in the social and labor sphere that take place in the new economy, correlation-regression analysis to determine the relationship between average income and factors affecting its level are used. The results of the paper show three important findings. Firstly, the gradual changes in the content of labor and forms of its organization that happen in modern conditions under the influence of dissemination of information and communication technologies require new approaches to income adjustment, management of employment of the population, development of professional education system. Secondly, the authors also found that the fair employee compensation, ensuring productive employment in modern conditions, is a challenge not only of the national, but also of international scale. Thirdly, the prospective directions of reducing inequality and social tension in society are the guarantee of the basic unconditional income, progressive tax on all types of income, reduction of the length of working time while maintaining payments and improving productivity. In addition to avoiding social dangers, it would be a proactive progressive function of expanding human development opportunities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a conceptual framework for investment and innovation security, as well as the methodological approach to its assessment, which will allow monitoring and identifying the threats and achieving the desired security state of the national economy.
Abstract: The main problem of the research is development of a conceptual framework for investment and innovation security, as well as the methodological approach to its assessment, which will allow monitoring and identifying the threats and achieving the desired security state of the national economy. It has been proved that investment and innovation security is a multi-level phenomenon, consisting of the following levels: global, national, corporate and household ones. Investment and innovation security is determined by three components, such as state security at the external and internal markets, security of enterprises (corporations) and individual households, which requires their balancing. The methodical approach to the integrated assessment of the investment and innovation security level is developed, which involves the development of integral index as the geometric mean of 3 sub-indices, which include single indices under the national, corporate and household level. The results of this methodological approach approbation allowed us to form preconditions for finding ways of growth, forecasting trends and building scenarios for strengthening the investment and economic security of Ukraine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the results of a meta-analysis of the relationship between determinant factors and tax evasion based on a deterrence approach, which showed that only tax rate has a significant impact on tax evasion.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a meta-analysis of the relationship between determinant factors and tax evasion based on deterrence approach. Using the meta-analysis method, each statistical result of empirical studies is converted into r-pearson as standardized effect size, and then synthesized into a mean effect size in order to increase power and to resolve uncertainty. Theoretically, increasing audit, tax rate and tax penalty will decrease tax evasion. However, the results show that only tax rate has a significant impact on tax evasion. Synthesizing totally 478 outcomes from articles published between 1978 and 2018, there is a robust conclusion that decreasing tax rate is an effective tool in combating tax evasion. On the other hand, audit and penalty are not significant in influencing tax evasion. In addition, the results of heterogeneity analysis suggest that national culture and income level of the country are useful in explaining the impact of audit, tax rate and tax penalty on tax evasion. These findings should be of interest to policymakers. First, instead of sacrificing more resources in conducting audit or imposing more penalty, tax authorities should consider setting the tax rate as low as possible to diminish tax evasion. Second, considering that culture and income level influence the impact of audit and penalty on tax evasion, policymakers should consider national cultural values and income level condition when designing audit techniques and setting penalty structures.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on causalities between innovative controlling, audit, enterprise innovation activities and the results put in context with ROA, ROE, turnover, etc.
Abstract: This research is oriented to SME’s innovation activities, its management system and competitiveness based on innovations. Research is focused on causalities between innovative controlling, audit, enterprise innovation activities and the results put in context with ROA, ROE, turnover. Data for this research were collected in 317 European SMEs by researches by using questionnaire and analyzed by advanced statistical methods. The aim of this research is to identify key factors for successful innovation enterprise activities, to define weaknesses and common mistakes. Secondary aim is to design controlling process for SME’s innovation activities. The findings of this research are opening up topics for further research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimate the degree of economic and environmental disparities within Chinese provinces for developing policy recommendations of regional transformation and find that an increase of 1% in GDP per capita basic year reduces the economic growth rate by 0.1% in the reference year.
Abstract: Rapid economic reforms and proper GDP growth in China has affected the regional development of Chinese provinces. This study aims to estimate the degree of economic and environmental disparities within Chinese provinces for developing policy recommendations of regional transformation. The reduced log-linear specification of endogenous growth model is used for the estimation of convergence rates within Chinese provinces. The empirical results prove that an increase of 1% in GDP per capita basic year reduces the economic growth rate by 0.1% in the reference year. Thus, the ratio of the average per capita income in the wealthiest group to poorest provinces accounted for the factor 9.6 in 1995 and factor 4.1 in the year 2015, which means a reduction of disproportionate development. Environmental convergence trends were also found and less polluted provinces eventually increase emissions at higher rates than the initially polluted ones. With the pass of time, all provinces do move to the same steady state in environmental parameters. The speed of the economic and environmental convergence in China provinces is rather slow, and the economic growth was achieved by great sacrifices of an environment, since all provinces are striving to the same steady state in terms of pollution increase. The industrialized regions due to the presence of significant financial resources should pay more attention to the protection of the environment using all the available economic potential. At the same time, both initially poor provinces and rich have to develop more profoundly agriculture, tourism, recreation, and other environmentally friendly industries to improve economic performance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the innovation levers of developing the intellectual background for economic growth in two groups of post-socialist Central and Eastern European countries (middle-income and lower-middle income countries) and determined the quantitative effect of the national intellectual capital components (human capital, market capital, structural capital and capital of renewal and development) on the dynamics of the countries' economic growth.
Abstract: The purpose of the article is to study the innovation levers of developing the intellectual background for economic growth in two groups of post-socialist Central and Eastern European countries (middle-income and lower-middle-income countries). To achieve that, the quantitative effect of the national intellectual capital components (human capital, market capital, structural capital and capital of renewal and development) on the dynamics of the countries’ economic growth was determined.For both groups, multiple regressions have been constructed that reflect the quantitative relationship between the economic growth rates (in the regressions – the indicator of real gross domestic product per capita) and the components of national intellectual capital in 2010–2018. It has been established that the key innovative indicator of the economic growth of middle-income countries is the national capital of renewal and development, which in general corresponds to the pan-European model of innovation and investment development. Education is the main factor that provides the basis for the economic growth of lower-middle-income countries. Recommendations on improvement of national innovation policy are offered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the economic contribution factors of stokvels in the economic transformation of SA at a municipality level were determined, and the authors recommended for policy-makers to formulate an economic transformation policy framework inclusive of Stokvel and to adopt their economic contributions.
Abstract: Stokvel is a type of ‘rotating savings and credit associations’ found only in South Africa (SA) which have an estimated value of R49 billion and a membership of 11,5 million, in a country with a populace of 57million and an informal economy with a total value of R160 billion – yet remain a hidden sector of the economy. This confirms that there is a shortage of the consulted literature on the model for integrating the stokvels into the economic policy framework of a municipality. Therefore, developing the stokvel industry could be key to poverty alleviation, reduction of unemployment and broadening equitable access to the ownership of the economy and capital accumulation; thus, improving the livelihoods and raising the standard of living. The objective of the paper is to determine the economic contribution factors of stokvels in the economic transformation of SA at a municipality level. The paper used a mixed methods design. A sample size of 395 stokvel groups’ respondents for the quantitative research was selected using a simple random probability sampling method. The response rate was 100 percent. For the qualitative part, six policy-makers were interviewed using the purposive non-probability sampling method. The paper revealed that the money saving and investment, business opportunities and job creation, and policy development were the main economic contribution factors of stokvels in SA at the municipalities. The paper recommended for policy-makers to formulate an economic transformation policy framework inclusive of stokvels and to adopt their economic contribution factors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an ordinal regression with two link functions was applied on an original dataset of 641 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Slovakia and Czech Republic, and the analysis revealed that not only economic factors can predict business risk, but along with them are political and competitive environments, relationship with supply chain actors and entrepreneur attitude.
Abstract: This paper seeks to examine the role of factors originated from outside (economic, political, competitive environment and relationships) and within (entrepreneur’s attitude) the organization on the business risk perceived by entrepreneurs. To test the hypothetical relationships, an ordinal regression with two link functions was applied on an original dataset of 641 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Slovakia and Czech Republic. The analysis revealed that not only economic factors can predict business risk, but along with them are political and competitive environments, relationship with supply chain actors and entrepreneur’s attitude. Consistent with prior research, it is found that an unstable economic environment leads the business to expose themselves to business risk. Also, a friendly regulation framework and quality education contribute significantly to reducing the level of risk. The research triggers the interest of policymakers who design policies aimed at improving the business environment by reducing the level of risk that firms face in doing business. Also, this paper is useful for managerial perspective, since entrepreneur attitude was found to be a predictor of business risk.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effect of job enrichment, a self-development process on the working environment, to the employee's engagement and organizational commitment, as well as the intention to quit in a different profession.
Abstract: In human resource accounting, personnel recruitment cost is an important issue. High turnover of employees triggers this charge. This research focused on the non-financial issue in employee turnovers for various professions. This study examines the effect of job enrichment, a self-development process on the working environment, to the employee’s engagement and organizational commitment, as well as the intention to quit in a different profession. The respondents of this research are 154 workers who have worked at their institution for at least two years. Using moderate regression analysis and testing two models, the first with linear regression, and the second with moderate regression analysis, this research shows that in the first model, job enrichment and employee engagement affect organizational commitment directly. However, in the second model, this study shows that employee engagement cannot moderate the effect of job enrichment on organizational commitment or the intention to quit. This research also finds that employee engagement affects negatively the intention to quit at work. The research findings strengthen the theory that a self-development process capable of generating employee engagement can assist management in controlling employee turnover rates.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed an assessment system of the economic potential of the territories under the conditions of sustainable development and the main components of its management, including environmental, investment, innovation, cluster, infrastructure, financial, export and human capital indices.
Abstract: The process of assessment of economic potential of territories and its governance is a complex task in emerging markets countries, such as Ukraine. This requires the creation of an effective evaluation system and management mechanisms. The paper aims to develop the assessment system of the economic potential of the territories under the conditions of sustainable development and the main components of its management. Methods of research are as follows: analysis, synthesis, systematization, standardization, etc. The integral indicator of the dynamics of the economic potential of Ukrainian regions assessment in the context of sustainable development is substantiated; it includes environmental, investment, institutional, innovation, cluster, infrastructure, financial, export and human capital indices. As a result three groups of regions with different levels of economic potential dynamics have been identified and clustered: regions with a high level of economic potential dynamics; regions with a stable level of economic potential dynamics; regions with low or negative levels of economic potential dynamics. The obtained results ascertain that special attention should be paid to the environmental, investment, innovation and institutional components of the economic potential management.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between personality traits, work-life balance (WLB) and eudaimonic well-being (EWB) among individuals in education sector was analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Abstract: This paper aims to understand the relationship between personality traits, work-life balance (WLB) and eudaimonic well-being (EWB) among individuals in education sector. It is hypothesized that big five personality traits are positively related to different components of WLB and further components of WLB are positively related to different components of EWB. Data were collected from 504 business school teachers through a structured questionnaire from national capital region (NCR) of India. Analysis is done using structural equation modeling. The result indicate that big five personality traits influence all the dimensions of WLB and, hence, are important predictor variables. Finding also suggests that work interference with personal life and health dimensions of WLB significantly impacts EWB. Whereas personal life interference with work and work personal life enhancement dimension of WLB were found to have significant impact on some dimensions of EWB, the outcomes have practical implication in dispositional job design, developing supportive policies, work-life culture and eudaimonia oriented interface for maximizing individual and organizational outcomes. The study reflects towards work-life balance in a novel socio-cultural context and promotes possibility of the mediating role of WLB to the relationships between personality traits and EWB.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of using mobile learning for students' self-study of mathematics in the context of Vietnamese high schools was explored, and it was shown that the use of mobile learning might not be feasible for students to study mathematics due to difficulties related to accessing mathematics websites, the quality of mathematics website content, students' low level of self-learning ability and learning disengagement.
Abstract: The use of mobile learning, or M-learning, has been increasingly appreciated by educators due to its sustainability potential in different facets such as finance (i.e., affordable cost) and flexibility (i.e., time and pace of learning). However, it may not be effective in all situations. This study explored the feasibility of using M-learning for students’ self-study of mathematics in the context of Vietnamese high schools. Using 542 student and 40 teacher responses to two surveys, the study showed that the use of M-learning might not be feasible for students’ self-study of mathematics due to difficulties related to accessing mathematics websites, the quality of mathematics website content, students’ low level of self-learning ability and learning disengagement. This study suggests that the use of M-learning may contribute to the sustainability of education; adopting it should be based on a critical examination of contextual factors, especially students’ self-learning ability and engagement. M-learning can be promising and beneficial to students due to its capability to equip students to prepare for the fast-changing and technological-driven world. Educators have increasingly appreciated the use of M-learning, because it becomes more affordable and flexible. Nonetheless, there is still a question about near-future adoptions of M-learning due to unavailability of and inaccessibility to quality contents from trusted maths websites. The propensity of student engagements in M-learning is also an important issue for future research.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the author's view of the impact of globalization, internationalization, transnationalization on the development of the international tourism industry with the substantiation of the features of institutional transformations caused by large-scale, structural and other changes in the world economy, in particular, the analysis of the tourism industry of the leading countries, which are centers to attract tourist flow (France, USA, Spain, China, Italy), as well as Ukraine).
Abstract: The article presents the author’s view of the impact of globalization, internationalization, transnationalization on the development of the international tourism industry with the substantiation of the features of institutional transformations caused by large-scale, structural and other changes in the world economy, in particular, the analysis of the development of the tourism industry of the leading countries, which are centers to attract tourist flow (France, USA, Spain, China, Italy), as well as Ukraine. As a result of correlation and regression models, the potential of the industry and its investment attractiveness were established. It is proved that within the countries’ economic activity, the tourism sector makes a significant contribution to the creation of the gross national product. Characterizing the coefficients in the multivariate regression equation, it can be stated that the most significant impact on GDP is the factor of “Income from international tourism”, since for all countries, it has a positive value greater than one. As for such a factor as “Total investment in the tourism industry”, for all but Ukraine, this factor is characterized by a negative impact on GDP, which determines the high costs of infrastructure development, which are not always paid off by the income of the incoming tourist flow in the short term.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the peculiarities of the impact of public debt on the economic growth of states and identified the determinants of the influence of government borrowing on economic growth.
Abstract: The study examines the peculiarities of the impact of public debt on the economic growth of states. The aim of the study was to analyze and identify the determinants of the impact of government borrowing on economic growth. The following research methods have been applied: analysis and synthesis of data and theoretical work, comparative analysis, statistical, correlation, cluster and discriminant analysis. According to the results of the survey, it is established that the growth of government borrowing can have both a negative and a positive effect on the economy, provided that it implements as the share of government debt to GDP, does not exceed 60% and is implemented in the form of financial investments (golden rule of public finance). The state’s deficit is allowed provided that state assets grow; current income from investment fully covers current expenses. The results of clusterization allowed to allocate 3 groups of states: states that demonstrated the economic downturn; states characterized by slow economic growth; states that were characterized by high level of economic growth. The first group of states (the countries with economic downturn) observed a negative high level of government debt and GDP. The results showed the low level of domestic borrowing development in low and middle income countries, which in developed countries allows governments to finance the investment projects on the basis of local loans (municipal bonds, infrastructure bonds, mainly medium and long-term), increase the debt burden in terms of economic recession.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the employees' innovative behavior, which is assumed to be influenced by intellectual capital, and they found that there is a compelling effect on human capital, structural capital and relational capital on innovative behavior.
Abstract: Nowadays, the creative industry contributes a lot to the economic growth. Reliable human resources support the organizational success. This study investigates the employees’ innovative behavior, which is assumed to be influenced by intellectual capital. This aspect consists of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital. This survey-based research studied the creative industry employees for four months in data collection and four months for analysis and interpretation of data processing results. This study used a quantitative method to answer the proposed hypothesis. The samples were 243 employees of the creative industry in Bandung, Cimahi, Bandung Regency, and West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. For processing the data and testing the hypotheses, the research employed the Partial Least Square-SEM. The results show that there is a compelling effect on human capital, structural capital, and relational capital on innovative behavior. The R-squared value of 0.46 indicates the overall impact. This research suggests some aspects that escalate the innovative behavior. The first aspect is skill enhancement, which leads to the raising of human capital. Next, providing the facilities and infrastructure for internet network connections builds the structural capital. Moreover, offering sources of raw materials needed by employees prompts the relational capital. By carrying out those efforts, the employees’ innovative behavior can increase optimally. Research on intellectual capital currently focuses on the performance of the company and dynamic capabilities. Currently, focus on processes of intellectual capital is still in an emerging stage. This study pursues to fulfill the theoretical gap regarding the intellectual capital in which the focus of the research is on innovative behavior in the creative industry keywords: human capital, structural capital, relational capital, innovative behavior, creative industry

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a retrospective analysis and overview of previous industrial revolutions and identify common characteristics that may lead to lessons learned for the forthcoming fourth industrial revolution and thus complement the current debate on technological change.
Abstract: Technological changes that come with industrial revolution have largely affected businesses, as well as society. With the current technological shift and Fourth Industrial Revolution, many questions arise regarding the impacts and effects on current ways businesses operate. This study presents a retrospective analysis and overview of previous industrial revolutions. The aim of the retrospective analysis is to identify common characteristics that may lead to lessons learned for the forthcoming Fourth Industrial Revolution and thus complement the current debate on technological change. All previous industrial revolutions have led to change in business environments and new challenges for managers and owners. The findings show that all previous revolutions have led to increase in the number of service jobs created. The key approach of successful countries during the times of industrial revolution has included education as the source of new skills and knowledge necessary for adaption. Countries that were able to produce high skilled people could not only invent, but also adapt to new technologies sooner than others. Similarly, these approaches included introduction of new managerial practices in order to be able to utilize new technologies and new skilled workers effectively. The research article processes secondary data together with literature review on this topic.