Showing papers in "Proceedings of SPIE in 1994"
TL;DR: The approach suggested here, discussed in a patent application submitted by the authors, is to intelligently select the filtering and CFAR detection algorithms being executed at any given time, based upon the observed characteristics of the interference environment.
Abstract: An artificial intelligence system improves radar signal processor performance by increasing target probability of detection and reducing probability of false alarms in a severe radar clutter environment. This utilizes advances in artificial intelligence and expert systems technology for the development of data analysis and information (signal) processors used in conjunction with conventional (deterministic) data analysis algorithms to combine radar measurement data (including observed target tracks and radar clutter returns from terrain, sea, atmospheric effects, etc.) with topographic data, weather information, and similar information to formulate optimum filter coefficients and threshold tests. Present fielded radar systems use one CFAR algorithm for signal processing over the entire surveillance volume. However, radar experiments have shown that certain CFAR algorithms outperform others in different environments. The system intelligently senses the clutter environment, and selects and combines the most appropriate CFAR algorithm(s) to produce detection decisions that will outperform a processor using a single algorithm. The invention provides for improved performance through the application of rule-based and data-based expert system computer software technology to CFAR signal processors, thereby improving target detection by reducing processing losses which result from a mismatch between the single, fixed CFAR processor and dynamically changing environment in which a radar must operate.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a system comprising a fluid cooled array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for producing red (660 NM) light for photodynamic therapy is disclosed.
Abstract: A system comprising a fluid cooled array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for producing red (660 NM) light for photodynamic therapy is disclosed. The light is produced by a plurality of overdriven, water cooled LEDs arrayed on a preferably disposable puck. The LED puck (13) is releasably connected to an interchangeable LED hand piece (12). The system can be configured for illumination of flat surfaces such as for treatment of the chest or back, or for cylindrical surfaces such as found in the cervix or colon, by proper selection of the LED hand piece (12) and puck design (13).
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a rotational microdynamometer system which is capable of measuring torque-speed data is also discussed, as well as linear and rotational magnetic microactuators have been constructed which use coil winding technology with LIGA fabricated coil forms.
Abstract: Extensions of the German LIGA process have brought about fabrication capability suitable for cost effective production of precision engineered components. The process attributes allow fabrication of mechanical components which are not capable of being made via conventional subtractive machining methods. Two process improvements have been responsible for this extended capability which involve the areas of thick photoresist application and planarization via precision lapping. Application of low-stress x-ray photoresist has been achieved using room temperature solvent bonding of a preformed photoresist sheet. Precision diamond lapping and polishing has provided a flexible process for the planarization of a wide variety of electroplated metals in the presence of photoresist. Exposure results from the 2.5 GeV National Synchrotron Light Source storage ring at Brookhaven National Laboratory have shown that structural heights of several millimeter and above are possible. The process capabilities are also well suited for microactuator fabrication. Linear and rotational magnetic microactuators have been constructed which use coil winding technology with LIGA fabricated coil forms. Actuator output forces of 1 milliNewton have been obtained with power dissipation on the order of milliWatts. A rotational microdynamometer system which is capable of measuring torque-speed data is also discussed.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the development of such a simulation facility at the U.S. Army Missile Command for supporting hardware-in-the-loop simulations of dual-mode systems.
Abstract: The advent of missile seekers with dual-mode millimeter wave and infrared common-aperture sensors has led to a requirement to develop the simulation tools necessary to test these systems. Traditionally, one of the most important techniques for supporting systems development has been a full seeker hardware-in-the-loop simulation. The development of simulation facilities capable of supporting the new generation of advanced dual-mode guided systems has been limited due to some major technological challenges which are yet to be solved. This paper provides an overview of the development of such a simulation facility at the U.S. Army Missile Command for supporting hardware-in-the-loop simulations of dual-mode systems. The major technological challenges which limit common-aperture dual-mode simulator development are presented with the current approaches which are being taken to overcome these challenges.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a real-time automated inspection system based on the optical processing of arbitrary moire contours is presented, which can be used for quality level sorting or other automated inspection requirements.
Abstract: Experiments using Liquid Crystal Televisions (LCTVs) as spatial light modulators for optical correlators, and optical input devices, have been reported upon widely. Moreover, applications of these devices for target recognition and automatic inspection systems are well documented. These systems often require the implementation of computer pre- and post- processing for image filtering and target recognition which handicaps real-time optical processing applications. It is possible to construct custom reference gratings that form a desired moire pattern when mixed with images of structurally illuminated targets. The moire patterns can be in any form, from equal depth contours, to error maps, to any arbitrary pattern desired. We have demonstrated video methods to generate such error maps in real-time. Furthermore, we have removed restrictions on the shape of the output moire contours, thus, developing a real-time automated inspection system based on the optical processing of arbitrary moire contours. We chose the moire pattern to be in the form of a Fresnel zone plate which is sent to an LCTV. Illumination of this zone plate with parallel coherent light results in a diffracted beam which produces a focused line on a detector. The result is a mixed video- optical processing system that could be used for real-time quality level sorting or other automated inspection requirements.
4 citations