Showing papers in "Process Biochemistry in 2005"

TL;DR: In this article, a review examines a wide variety of microorganisms (fungi, yeasts, bacteria, etc.), which are capable of uptake of organic pollutants, discusses various mechanisms involved in biosorption, discusses the effects of various parameters such as pH, temperature, concentrations of organic pollutant, other ions, and biomass in solution, pretreatment method, etc.

TL;DR: Pectinases are one of the most widely distributed enzymes in bacteria, fungi and plants as discussed by the authors, and they have a share of 25% in the global sales of food enzymes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of bubble columns and their application, description, design and operation, application areas, fluid dynamics and regime analysis encountered and parameters characterizing the operation.

TL;DR: In this article, dilute acid pretreatment at varied temperature and enzymatic saccharification were evaluated for conversion of wheat straw cellulose and hemicellulose to monomeric sugars.

TL;DR: Various microbiological and enzymatic methods for synthesis of PUFAs are discussed and marine protists and dinoflagellates are the rich sources of DHA, whereas microalgae like Phaeodactylum and Monodus are good sources of EPA.

TL;DR: It is hoped that with improvement in fermentation and downstream processing techniques, development of new recombinant strains and large-scale production by transgenic plants will reduce the cost of production of PHAs thereby making them competitive with conventional plastics.

TL;DR: Continuous two-phase systems appear as more highly efficient technologies for anaerobic digestion of FVW, their greatest advantage lies in the buffering of the organic loading rate taking place in the first stage, allowing a more constant feeding rate of the methanogenic second stage.

TL;DR: In this article, the main characteristics of industrial dairy waste streams are identified and the anaerobic degradation mechanisms of the primary constituents in dairy wastewaters, namely carbohydrates (mainly lactose), proteins and lipids are described.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of temperature on equilibrium sorption capacity of three vinyl sulphone type reactive dyes (Remazol Black B (RB), Remazol Red RR (RR) and Remazhol Golden Yellow RNL (RGY) was investigated in a batch system.

TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of the primary substrates cellulose and glucose was assayed when dosed with a concentration range from 1 to 20 ǫ of a synthetic mixture of volatile fatty acids (VFA).

TL;DR: A review of literature and studies on the biodegradation of PCBs is presented in this article, where the degradation route is dependent on the complexity of the PCB congener coupled with the type of microorganism employed and the interaction among the microorganisms.

TL;DR: In this paper, a batch sorption system using tree fern as biosorbent was investigated to remove Basic Red 13 from aqueous solutions and the results revealed the potential of tree frond, an agriculture product, as a low-cost sorbent.

TL;DR: The combined effects of macronutrients of media on α-amylase production by Bacillus sp.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study was carried out on the production of neutral protease using agro-industrial residues as substrate in solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF).

TL;DR: The antioxidant activity of phenolic-enriched clonal oregano extracts, and their antimicrobial activity against ulcer-associated Helicobacter pylori have been evaluated.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of experiments were conducted in a batch system to assess the effect of the system variables, i.e. initial pH, temperature and initial metal ion concentration.

TL;DR: Differences in the efficiencies of reactors were correlated with the quantity of resistant and sensitive microorganisms dominated in the reactors, indicating that propionate degrading acetogenic bacteria are more sensitive than methanogenic archaea to free ammonia.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of mesophilic anaerobic digesters of four large Italian wastewater treatment plants without primary sedimentation was studied, and a mathematical model for the prediction of biogas production on the solid retention time applied in the wastewater treatment process was developed.

TL;DR: In this article, the removal of metal complex dyes from aqueous solutions by pine sawdust has been studied in single component sorption systems, and the mechanism of removal and potential rate controlling steps were investigated.

TL;DR: Compared to non-coated beads, coated alginate beads showed the higher re-usability, illustrating the effectiveness of the coating method, and lipase-entrapped beads retained the highest catalytic activity when coated with silicate.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that pretreated corn stover is a good substrate both for enzyme production and hydrolysis, since high cellulolytic activities could be reached using it as carbon source and high sugar yields could be obtained in the Hydrolysis by the enzyme produced on steam pretreatedcorn stover.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of microwave power and pretreatment time on the weight loss and composition of rice straw was examined and compared with the alkali-alone pretreated process.

TL;DR: In this article, the removal of chromium (III), copper (II) and zinc(II) from aqueous solution by adsorption on carrot residues (CR) was studied.

TL;DR: In this article, the capacity of raw rice bran for chromium and nickel removal from aqueous solutions was investigated using the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, which are in common use for describing sorption equilibrium for wastewater treatment applications.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the removal of NH 4 + through struvite precipitation from the effluents of one- and two-phase (R2) anaerobic reactors digesting dairy manure.

TL;DR: In this study, the heterotrophic production potential of the secondary carotenoid astaxanthin by the green microalga Chlorella zofingiensis was investigated and showed excellent growth on glucose-supplemented media in batch culture.

TL;DR: In this paper, a batch biosorption experiments were carried out for the removal of malachite green a cationic dye from its aqueous solution using raw and thermally activated Pithophora sp., a fresh water algae as biosorbent.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated possible exploitation of the advantages of two-phase AD for unscreened dairy manure, and showed that the use of a twophase reactor at a SRT/HRT of 10 days (2 days acidogenic and 8 days methanogenic) for AD of dairy manure resulted in 50 and 67% higher biogas production at OLRs of 5 and 6 grams VS/L/day, respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of pH, temperature, aeration rate, initial sugar and ammonium sulphate concentrations, and activator (cotton seed oil and Tween 80) addition on the growth and carotenoids production properties of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, a soil yeast was investigated in a batch system.

TL;DR: In this article, a new rice bran for removing Cu 2+ from aqueous solution has been investigated, and the experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherms to obtain the characteristic parameters of each model.