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Showing papers in "Progress in Lipid Research in 2006"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Attempts to discover genes that code for expression of the various proteins involved in the production of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids are described.

977 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The contribution of ceramides in the development of insulin resistance and the complications associated with metabolic diseases is evaluated.

791 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The regulation of the mammalian fatty acid elongases and their potential role in lipid metabolism are discussed and both the biochemical functions of the proteins, as well as their role in a more physiological context are considered.

784 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms through which PPARs regulate transcription are thoroughly addressed with particular emphasis on the latest results on corepressor and coactivator action and how the integration of various intra-cellular signaling pathways allowsPPARs to participate to whole-body homeostasis by mediating regulatory crosstalks between organs.

721 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Phosphatidic acid has emerged as a new class of lipid mediators involved in diverse cellular functions in plants, animals, and microorganisms and has been implicated in signaling pathways in cell growth, proliferation, reproduction, and responses to hormones and biotic and abiotic stresses.

666 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Changes over decades in the intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs, with a striking increase in the linoleic acid/alpha-linolenic ratio, are observed in adults and are associated with an increase of fat consumption over the last 40 years.

471 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The biochemistry and tissue expression of 12/15-LOX is summarized, the current knowledge regarding its immunobiology and regulation of inflammation is described and the biochemical mechanisms by which it regulates physiological and pathological immune cell function are described.

372 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Group IV phospholipase A2 alpha, the most extensively studied Group IV PLA2, is widely expressed in mammalian cells and mediates the production of functionally diverse lipid products in response to extracellular stimuli.

362 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two lines of evidence indicate that 2-AG plays an important role as a retrograde messenger molecule in the regulation of synaptic transmission and has also been shown to be involved in theregulation of various types of inflammatory reactions and immune responses.

334 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel mechanism by which membrane cholesterol could affect structure and function of GPCRs is proposed and it is envisaged that there could be specific/nonannular cholesterol binding site(s) in the serotonin(1A) receptor.

316 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work discusses two examples of cholesterol-recognition elements: the cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC) domain and the sterol-sensing domain (SSD), which are found in soluble proteins and specifically bind cholesterol.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding sphingolipid functions and metabolism in the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are described and one milestone has been reached with the complete or nearly complete identification of genes involved in sphingoipid synthesis and breakdown.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evidence implicating a key role for the hormone leptin in modulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity is reviewed and the role of lipid signaling cascades in this process is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent progress is reviewed in understanding of the mechanisms involved in oxidation of LDL, formation of oxLDL complexes, and antibody mediated-immune regulation of atherogenesis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Barth Syndrome gene TAZ has been identified and expression of the gene yields proteins known as tafazzins, which show sequence homology to the glycerolipid acyltransferase family of enzymes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Emerging data indicate that the primary physiological role of UCP3 may be the mitochondrial handling of fatty acids rather than regulating energy expenditure via thermogenesis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that APOE determines outcome of infection in several diseases caused by diverse infectious agents and the damage due to two major consequences of HSV1 infection--inflammatory and oxidative processes--to lipid peroxidation in brain, and the influence of the different apoE isoforms in this process.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is discussed that the chemo-preventive activity of COX inhibitors is mediated, in part, by altered gene expression with an emphasis on NAG-1 studies, which may provide the basis for the development of a new family of anti-tumorigenic compounds acting independent ofCOX inhibition.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of genetically manipulated rodent models and the recent forward genetic screening technique revealed the physiological and pathological functions of these endothelial scavenger receptors in innate immunity and infection.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review describes the concepts of lipid rafts and other membrane organizing principles to evolve a novel integrated model on the functional role of microdomains in immunological synapse formation and T cell activation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: After 35 years of research the question whether fish prevents heart disease remains unanswered, and an anti-arrhythmic effect of fish oil remains unproven although the idea is still viable and is being actively tested in further trials.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The direct effects of lipids on the localization and regulation of MAPK pathway proteins and the indirect effects lipids have on MAPK signaling via their regulation of endocytosis and the biophysical properties of different membrane lipids as a result of growth factor stimulation are discussed.