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Showing papers in "Progress in Neurobiology in 2011"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) is a comprehensive observational, international, multi-center study designed to identify PD progression biomarkers both to improve understanding of disease etiology and course and to provide crucial tools to enhance the likelihood of success of PD modifying therapeutic trials.

1,269 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The versatility of the GFAP cytoskeletal network from gene to function with a focus on astrocytes during human brain development, aging and disease is discussed.

832 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The anatomical, neurochemical and molecular substrates common to both cognitive processing and supraspinal pain processing are described, and the evidence for their involvement in pain-related cognitive impairment is presented.

801 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An alternative view of the functional significance of this cortical network is proposed, in which it reflects a system involved in detecting, orienting attention towards, and reacting to the occurrence of salient sensory events, regardless of the sensory channel through which these events are conveyed.

733 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Control of electron flux, prevention of bottlenecks in the respiratory chain and electron leakage contribute to the avoidance of damage by free radicals and seem to be important in neuroprotection, inflammatory diseases and, presumably, aging.

709 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study of environmental factors in schizophrenia may have important implications for the identification of causes and prevention of this disorder, and offers the potential to complement, and refine, existing efforts on explanatory neurodevelopmental models.

569 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Different nerve grafts used for peripheral nerve repair are summarized, various basic components of tissue engineered nerve grafting are highlighted in terms of their structures, features, and nerve regeneration-promoting actions, and current clinical applications and future perspectives are discussed.

494 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The etiology, mechanisms and progress made in determining the cause of axonal and neuronal loss in MS are discussed, with a focus on the sixth decade of the disease.

382 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The involvement of P1 and P2 receptors in pathological brain function; firstly in trauma, ischemia and stroke, then in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's, as well as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis will be considered.

359 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review investigates the links between rTMS and synaptic plasticity, describes their similarities and differences, and highlights a neglected contribution of the membrane potential.

334 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evidence linking deficiencies in the DNA repair pathways with neurodegeneration is reviewed and evidence indicates that oxidative DNA damage can cause this pathway to expand trinucleotide repeats, thereby causing Huntington's disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current understanding of how cellular and systemic energy metabolism regulate neural stem cell fate is summarized and molecules and signaling pathways that sense and influence energy metabolism, including insulin/insulin-like growth factor I and insulin/IGF-1-mTOR signaling, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), SIRT1, and hypoxia-inducible factors, are summarized.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These findings implicate oligodendrocyte and myelin dysfunction as a primary change in schizophrenia, not only as secondary consequences of the illness or treatment, and could provide therapeutic opportunities for patients suffering from schizophrenia.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of quantitative information theoretic analyses of neural encoding, particularly in the primate visual, olfactory, taste, hippocampal, and orbitofrontal cortex, are described, showing a robust code that can be read by neurons that take a synaptically weighted sum of their inputs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that Rho-family GEFs and GAPs provide the spatiotemporal regulation and signaling specificity necessary for proper Rho GTPase function based on the following features they possess: (i) existence of multiple GEFs/GAPs per RhoGTPase, (ii) developmentally regulated expression, (iii) discrete localization, (iv) ability to bind to and organize specific signaling networks, and (v) tightly regulated activity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A more than three-fold citation bias was found to favor outlier studies reporting increases in iron and this bias was particularly prominent among narrative review articles, and while zinc was not significantly changed in the neocortex, copper was significantly depleted in AD.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experimental data that point at the paradoxical role played by GABA(A) receptor-mediated mechanisms in synchronizing neuronal networks, and in particular those of limbic structures such as the hippocampus, the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, are reviewed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview on the current state and future developments in epidemiology, pathophysiology, disease conceptualization, diagnostic criteria and their use in research and clinical practice, as well as preventive and symptomatic therapeutic approaches is provided.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The AMD retina can represent a valuable model to study neuroinflammation, its mechanisms and therapy in a restricted and controllable environment and could represent a new way to treat and prevent both exudative and dry forms of AMD.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current research efforts directed at the use of angiotensin analogues in the treatment of clinical disorders such as memory dysfunction, cerebral blood flow and cerebroprotection, stress, depression, alcohol consumption, seizure, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and diabetes are summarized.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A role for forces, bulk microtubule movements, and intercalated mass addition in the process of axonal elongation is supported, supporting a satisfying answer to the question, "How do axons grow?"

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current status of bone marrow-derived stem cells in stroke therapy is discussed, with emphasis on possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of action that mediate the cells' beneficial effects in the ischemic brain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work discusses variations on the basic anatomy of the antennal (olfactory) lobe of the brain and higher-order olfactory centers of insects, and draws connections between particular features of the Olfactory neurobiology of a species and the animal's life history.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review summarises the key literature from pre-clinical models that underlies the understanding of innate inflammation following traumatic brain injury before focussing on the growing evidence from human studies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The distribution of sirtuins in the brain and how their expression and activity are regulated are introduced, and the mechanisms underlying sirtuin-mediated neuroprotection are analyzed, centering on their non-histone substrates such as DNA repair enzymes, protein kinases, transcription factors, and coactivators.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings show that a broad range of signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators can be engaged by neuronal activity to sculpt complex programs of stimulus-regulated gene transcription, and summarizes the general paradigms by which neuronal activity regulates transcription while focusing on the molecular mechanisms that confer differential stimulus-, cell-type-, and developmental-specificity upon activity-regulated programs of neuronal gene transcription.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of neuronal MVBs summarizes their research history, morphology, distribution, accumulation of cargo and constitutive proteins, transport, and theories of functions of MVBs in neurons and glia and examines the concept of compartment-specific MVB functions in endosomal protein trafficking and signaling within synapses, axons, dendrites and cell bodies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of hypoxia and ROS in the modulation of neuronal differentiation focusing on in vivo neurogenesis and in vitro neuronal differentiation from neural stem/precursor cells is analyzed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: All published preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the serotonergic system in PD and related animal models are summarized and discussed in order to recapitulate the state of the current knowledge and to identify areas that need further research and understanding.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A growing number of studies show that the axon trunk can express receptors to glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine or biogenic amines, changing the relative contribution of some channels to axonal excitability and therefore rendering the contribution of this compartment to neural coding conditional on the presence of neuromodulators.