Showing papers in "Progress in Nuclear Energy in 2008"

TL;DR: In this article, two types of typical concretes widely used in Syria (in Damascus and Aleppo) and four other types of concrete, using aggregates from different regions, have been prepared.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined power generation systems such as steam turbine cycle, helium turbine cycle and supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) turbine cycle for the prototype nuclear fusion reactor and revealed the achievable cycle thermal efficiencies are 40, 34% and 42% levels for the heat source outlet coolant temperature of 480°C, if no other restriction is imposed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the hydrogen production efficiency of high temperature electrolysis (HTE) with a high temperature gas cooled reactor and found that the measured hydrogen production rate has good agreement with calculated HPR based on applied current.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a core concept for a nuclear reactor cooled with supercritical water, in which the coolant is heated up from 280 °C at the reactor inlet to 500 Â c at the outlet in four steps: a first heat-up step is provided by heat transfer from fuel assemblies to the moderator water in gaps and moderator boxes, a second step is foreseen in a central "evaporator" and two further steps in a first and a second superheater surrounding it.

TL;DR: Improved Quasi-static Method (IQM) as discussed by the authors is a standard tool for the space-time solution of neutron transport problems in multiplying media, where the shape equation is solved on a long time scale, while the amplitude is determined on a short time scale.

TL;DR: In this paper, non-equilibrium thermodynamic and transport properties of argon, nitrogen and oxygen plasmas at atmospheric pressure for electron temperature up to 45,000 K are presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, inert matrix fuels, possibly containing thoria, were used in a once-through cycle for nuclear power to meet the proliferation risk, and the results showed that these fuels are very well suited for direct disposal in a geological repository.

TL;DR: In the 6th FP of the EU by the EUROTRANS Programme, two ADS design routes are followed, the XT-ADS and the EFIT The XT-AD... as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle is studied by CEA with the objective of massive hydrogen production using nuclear heat at high temperature, and the challenge is to acquire by the end of 2008 the necessary decision elements, based on a scientific and validated approach, to choose the most promising way to produce hydrogen using a generation IV nuclear reactor.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors conservatively evaluate the technological readiness level (TRL) for programmatic and industrial applications in high-temperature advanced reactors to be 7, "one-dimensional engineering-scale demonstration" or the first level in the proof-of-performance category.

TL;DR: In this paper, a stirred-type corrosion test was conducted on aluminum-iron-alloy surface-coated steels, refractory metals and ceramics including SiC/SiC composites.

TL;DR: In this article, a new solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis system was constructed using an original proton exchange membrane (PEM), which was prepared by the γ-ray-induced post-grafting of styrene into a crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film and subsequent sulfonation.

TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of electrodeposition of uranium as UO2 and palladium(II) as metallic palladium from the loaded organic phase has been demonstrated and the suitability of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as an electrolytic medium for the extraction of Uranium and Palladium at near ambient conditions is reported.

TL;DR: Based on the outputs of recent IAEA activities for innovative SMRs, the paper provides a summary of the state-of-the-art in approaches to improve SMR competitiveness and incorporate enhanced proliferation resistance and energy security.

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of experiments are under way for various geometries including tubes of several diameters and narrow annulus passages of a concentric and eccentric layout, which aim to collect heat transfer data and to provide an empirical heat transfer correlation required for a SCWR design.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new procedure for the prediction of wall temperatures in vertical tubes is established in the framework of the development of the High Performance Light Water Reactor (HPLWR), which is accomplished by a look-up table for heat transfer in supercritical water.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the suitability of the SVBR-75/100 nuclear reactor for multi-purpose use in nuclear power plants, considering the inherent selfprotection and passive safety properties of this type of nuclear reactors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered a two-zone fast-reactor with metal fuel of the U-Pu cycle and simulated the initiation of nuclear burning in an enriched ignition zone by means of an external neutron flux that is turned off at an early stage of FR operation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a Pb-Bi-cooled direct contact boiling water small fast-reactor (PBWFR) to produce steam by direct contact of feedwater with primary Pb−Bi coolant above the core.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new R&D strategy, the Adv-ORIENT (Adv anced O ptimization by R ecycling I nstructive E leme nt s) cycle was set forth.

TL;DR: In this article, a postulated steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) accident in a lead cooled accelerator driven transmuter (ADT) is investigated, where the design of the ADT without intermediate loops bears the risk of water/steam blasting into the primary coolant.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the processes for manufacture of hydrogen from nuclear heat, and the integration of nuclear-produced hydrogen into the transportation fuel system, in part via synergies with traditional oil, natural gas and coal, and/or synergies of nontraditional shale and tar sands.

TL;DR: Microwave chemistry has been developed quickly and has been applied to almost every field of the chemistry over the past decades as discussed by the authors, which has been realized that microwave energy has great potential to improve the nuclear fuel process in terms of reduction in required processing time and temperature and increased recovery of elements.

TL;DR: The objective of this work is to give an overview of the state of the art in performing safety analysis of research reactors and to emphasize the need and the provision to achieve such goals.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of heat on strength and on γ-ray and neutron shielding properties of four types of local concretes (denoted as H-mix, F-mix and D-mix) were investigated, the samples were exposed to temperatures between 20 and 800 °C.

TL;DR: The thorium-burning variant of this new class of reactors involves no long-lived actinide isotopes, thereby obviating a present-day keystone issue of long-term reactor waste storage and disposal.

TL;DR: In this article, two kinds of nitrogen-isotope enrichment experiments were conducted for the purpose of developing a process to obtain highly enriched 15N by ion-exchange chromatography.

TL;DR: A hybrid approach – the Niched-Island Genetic Algorithm (NIGA), applied to a nuclear reactor core optimization problem and compared to previously used GA-based techniques, achieves results similar to those obtained by the NGA, but in far less processing time.

TL;DR: In this article, a pebble-bed type nuclear power station with a single group diffusion equation coupled with simplified burn-up equations is studied, where the natural radioactive decay processes are neglected in the burnup modelling.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the swelling and the thermal diffusivity of heavily neutron-irradiated α-Al 2 O 3, AIN, β-Sι 3 N 4 and β-SiC that were irradiated under the same capsule to compare the difference between these materials.