Showing papers in "Progress in Retinal and Eye Research in 2011"

TL;DR: The inflammatory mediators and their relationship to early and late DR are reviewed, and the potential of anti-inflammatory approaches to inhibit development of different stages of the retinopathy is discussed.

TL;DR: Optic nerve degeneration in LHON and DOA is therefore due to disturbed mitochondrial function and a predominantly complex I respiratory chain defect has been identified using both in vitro and in vivo biochemical assays.

TL;DR: A comprehensive analysis of the potential risks of white LEDs is given, taking into account pre-clinical knowledge as well as epidemiologic studies and reports the French Agency's recommendations to avoid potential retinal hazards.

TL;DR: The importance of the retina visual cycle is emphasized also by its preservation through evolution as its function has now been demonstrated in species ranging from salamander to zebrafish, mouse, primate, and human.

TL;DR: A variety of different applications of this technique are presented in ocular imaging that are ranging from the anterior to the posterior eye segment and the benefits of the method for imaging different diseases as, e.g., age related macula degeneration or glaucoma is demonstrated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the anatomical features of ophthalmic, central retinal and cilioretinal arteries which may play a role in acute retinal arterial ischemic disorders.

TL;DR: The aims of this review are to summarize the state of clinical research in uveitis, to identify gaps in knowledge, and to propose new opportunities and methodologies for future developments in all aspects of Uveitis research, including epidemiology, economic impact analysis, diagnosis, therapeutics, and clinical study design.

TL;DR: Recent findings on the shared characteristics and perspectives between AMD and AD are summarized, beginning with the mechanism of Aβ deposition and including a discussion of A β-targeted therapeutic approaches for both AD and AMD.

TL;DR: An online tool is developed that predicts survival of patients with choroidal melanoma using histologic grade, genetic type, and competing causes of death, and taking normal life-expectancy into account and is accurate enough to be relevant to individual patients.

TL;DR: The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood-retinal barrier by regulating the movement of solutes between the fenestrated capillaries of the choroid and the photoreceptor layer of the retina and its functions are modulated by the neural retina.

TL;DR: Research on ciliopathies and BBS has led to the discovery of several major cellular processes carried out by the primary cilium structure and has highlighted their genetic heterogeneity.

TL;DR: The basic features of AMD, drusen, choroidal ischemia, and vitreoretinal adhesion are independently determined by genetics and environment and may combine in variable proportions, but they may combine to do so.

TL;DR: While management of dietary GI appears to be an effective intervention for the prevention of metabolic diseases, specifically AMD and DR, more interventional data is needed to evaluate the efficacy of GI management and an urgent need to develop reliable biomarkers of exposure, surrogate endpoints, as well as susceptibility for GI.

TL;DR: Structural-function studies revealed key elements of the sophisticated molecular mechanism ensuring arrestin-1 selectivity and paved the way to the targeted manipulation of the arrestIn-1 molecule to design mutants that can compensate for congenital defects in rhodopsin phosphorylation.

TL;DR: Early post-infarct events of AION reveal an unexpected inflammatory response, and changes in intraretinal gene expression for both stress response, while sparing outer retinal function, which occurs in AAION models.

TL;DR: There is a dynamic relationship between ciliary blood flow and aqueous humor production, with production being blood flow independent above a critical level of perfusion, and blood flow dependent below it, and that oxygen is one critical factor provided by ciliaryBlood flow.

TL;DR: A biochemical description of the human cornea is presented that quantifies hypoxic swelling through the coupled transport of water, salt, and respiratory metabolites and predicts corneal swelling upon soft-contact-lens wear from fundamental biophysico-chemical principles.

TL;DR: Evidence that reperfusion of ischaemic retina and suppression of sight-threatening sequelae is possible in both experimental and clinical settings is provided and there is emphasis on the clinical potential for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to promote vascular repair and reversal of isCHAemic injury in various tissues including retina.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the cells of the rod lineage and includes discussions of experiments over the last 30 years that led to their identification and characterization, and the discovery of the stem cells residing at the apex of the lineage.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the present knowledge about the expression and functional importance of P1 (adenosine) and P2 (nucleotide) receptors in Müller glial cells of the mammalian retina.

TL;DR: The eye, perhaps more than most other biological structures, has evolved an exquisite and shifting sensitivity to dietary intake throughout the lifespan, not just for its basic operation, but also for its very preservation.

TL;DR: Based on the reported findings of CCBs and that the results of clinical studies in acute cerebral ischemia may not be directly applicable to a chronic neurodegenerative ocular disorder, such as OAG, CCBs deserve future study to investigate strategies that are additive or synergetic to ocular hypotensive therapy for OAG.

TL;DR: These new observations extend the understanding of the diverse functions of macrophages and show us their different faces, making them either "friends or foes" in human uveal melanoma patients.

TL;DR: The common structure and properties of tear fluid and lung surfactant suggest a similar behaviour under rapid compression-expansion for both fluids.

TL;DR: From studies it is clear that, in the context of viral infections, the cytotoxic T cell response against a pathogen in the retina does not differ from that seen in other organs, and that once such a response has been initiated, clearing of virus from retinal tissue has priority over preservation of retinal architecture and function.