Showing papers in "Progress of Theoretical Physics in 1980"
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the spin-orbit interaction on random potential scattering in two dimensions by the renormalization group method is studied. And the localization behaviors are classified in the three different types depending on the symmetry.
Abstract: Effect of the spin-orbit interaction is studied for the random potential scattering in two dimensions by the renormalization group method. It is shown that the localization behaviors are classified in the three different types depending on the symmetry. The recent observation of the negative magnetoresistance of MOSFET is discussed. In recent experiments on MOSFET by Kawaguchi et al.,u it was found that electrons confined in the MOS inversion layer exhibit the negative magnetoresist ance. This effect is closely related to the localization problem in a random potential. In two dimensions, the quantum inter ference is important and, if the impurity scattering is spin-independent, the con ductivity vanishes at zero temperature even when the scattering is very weak. 2>
2,192 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of a gaseous envelope surrounding a protoplanet has been investigated in connection with the formation of the giant planets, and the most remarkable result is that a common relation between the core mass and the total mass holds irrespectively of the regions in the solar nebula.
Abstract: The structure of a gaseous envelope surrounding a protoplanet has been investigated in connection with the formation of the giant planets. Under the assumptions of spherical symmetry and hydrostatic equilibrium, the structure has been calculated for the regions of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Energy transfer in the envelope has been taken into account precisely. When the core mass increases beyond some critical value, the envelope cannot be in hydrostatic equilibrium and collapses onto the core. The most remarkable result is that a common relation between the core mass and the total mass holds irrespectively of the regions in the solar nebula. Therefore, at the collapse, the core mass becomes almost the same regardless of the regions in the nebula. This is consistent with the conclusion obtained from the theory of internal structure of the present giant planets. The grain opacity in the envelope should be about 1 cm2/g in order to explain the estimated core mass (about 10 Earth's mass) of the giant planets. This value of the grain opacity is larger than that expected before.
773 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the left-handed neutrinos receive masses of order 1eV, which is consistent with recent experiments on neutrino oscillations.
Abstract: Assuming a horizontal symmetry SU_F(n), we demonstrate a possibility that the left-handed neutrinos receive masses of order 1eV, which is consistent with recent experiments on neutrino oscillations. The smallness of the neutrino masses is an indication of a large breaking of the horizontal symmetry.
725 citations
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269 citations
TL;DR: For the spherically symmetric system, this paper proved the existence of a new locally finite flux which can be interpreted to represent the total energy flux of matter and gravitational field, and studied the relation between the behavior of the event horizon and the energy flux across it.
Abstract: For the spherically symmetric system, we prove the existence o{ a new locally cotEen·ecl flux which can be interpreted to represent the total energy flux of matter and gravitational field. ·with the aid of this conservation law, we study the relation between the behavior of the event horizon and the energy flux across it and look for constraints imposed on the total energy radiated to infinity. Some implications of the results of this study to the backreaction problem in the black hole evaporation are discussed.
259 citations
250 citations
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147 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new chemical pattern is discussed, which is a propagationless solitary island in an infinite medium, and its existence and stability for a certain simple model is demonstrated analytically.
Abstract: A new chemical pattern is discussed, which is a propagationless solitary island in an infinite medium We demonstrate analytically its existence and stability for a certain simple model The localization turns out to be a consequence of the rapid diffusion of an inhibiting substance occurring in a potentially excitable system In order to extract thc; important features of the localized pattern, the method of singular perturbation is employed, with the following results: (1) A stable motionless solitary pattern can exist either for a monostablc or bistable system (2) Under suitable conditions such a pattern undergoes the Hop£ bifurcation, leading to a "breathing motion" of the activated droplet The analysis is restricted to the one-dimensional case throughout
131 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a new microscopic theory capable by itself to select the "optimum" collective path or submanifold in the many-particle Hilbert space.
Abstract: This is the second in a series of papers which intends to develop a new microscopic theory capable by itself to select the "optimum" collective path or, more generally, the "optimum" collective submanifold in the many-particle Hilbert space. The main content of this paper consists of i) a restatement of the basic equations of the theory, derived from the fundamental principle which leads us to the "maximal decoupling" between the collective and intrinsic modes and is called the "invariance principle of the Schrodinger equation", and ii) a proposal of a method of solving the basic equations in an appropriate way for the large amplitude and highly non-linear collective vibrations about the Hartree-Fock ground state with a spherically symmetric equilibrium.
TL;DR: In this article, the existence of phase transitions of a non-linear system with the variation of intensity and correlation time of the noise is shown. But the results for the Verhulst model and a model for population genetics are compared with the previous results for white noise case.
Abstract: By using the formula for the steady state probability distribution of fluctuations in a non-linear system under the influence of two-level Markovian noise, the existence of phase transitions of such a system with the variation of intensity and correlation time of the noise is shown. Explicit results for the Verhulst model and a model for population genetics are given and compared with the previous results for the white noise case.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply the weak field approximation to the most general general gravitational field equations in Poincare gauge theory and show that there are two routes to arrive at the Newtonian potential.
Abstract: We apply the weak field approximation to the most general gravitational field equations in Poincare gauge theory. The weak gravitational field h., is a multimass field obeying a fourth-order field equation. In the Newtonian approximation we show that there are two routes to arrive at the Newtonian potential. The torsion field is decomposed into six irre ducibe building blocks with spinparlty, 2+, z-, 1+, 1-, o+ and o-, each of which obeys the Klein-Gordon equation. Finally, we construct a possible candidate for the massless graviton field which obeys the linearized Einstein equation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the escape of a primordial Earth's atmosphere due to heating by solar radiation is studied by integrating numerically hydrodynamic equations for steady and spherically symmetric outflow of hydrogen molecules and helium atoms, taking account of solar EUV radiation which is expected to be very strong during the T Tauri stage, the solar visible light and the release of gravitational energy of accreting planetesimals.
Abstract: The escape of a primordial Earth's atmosphere due to heating by solar radiation is studied by integrating numerically hydrodynamic equations for steady and spherically symmetric outflow of hydrogen molecules and helium atoms. As heating sources, we take account of (1) the solar EUV radiation which is expected to be very strong during the T Tauri stage, (2) the solar visible light and (3) the release of gravitational energy of accreting planetesimals. The effect of solar wind is neglected but the condition of this neglect is estimated. The results show that the primordial atmosphere, having existed in the early stage of the Earth's history, is dissipated within a period of 5 X 108 y, which is the upper limit imposed from the origin of the present terrestrial atmosphere, as far as the solar EUV flux is more than 2 >< 10 2 times as large as the present one.
TL;DR: Since the exchange kernels of RGM or GCM are now calculable in completely analytical forms, the analysis of these non-local kernels is expected to enable us to make general discussions on the characteristic features of the inter nucleus force.
Abstract: Since the exchange kernels of RGM or GCM are now calculable in completely analytical forms, the analysis of these non-local kernels (without solving the RGM or GCM equation of motion) is expected to enable us to make general discussions (not restricted to individual cases) on the characteristic features of the inter nucleus force. An important contribution in this direction was clone by Brussels group 5 ' on the basis of the analysis of the parity-projected diagonal kernels of GCM, namely, the parity-projected energy curves. In their study they assume that the parity projected energy curve is directly related with the inter-nucleus force as seen in regarding the parity-range of the energy curve as equivalent with that of the inter-nucleus force. This assumption is, however, somewhat doubtful, and we dis cuss this point in more detail in another paper. Another important contribution was given by LeMere and Tang 6J who analysed the equivalent local potentials obtained from the RGM norm kernels by the prescription of Greenlees and Tang.7l Their argument is based on the assumption that the essential features of the exchange kernels of RGM are ctlready contained in the exchange norm kernel of RGM. This assumption was justified by the analysis of the RGM interaction kernels clone by LeMere, Stubeda, Tang and the present author. 8' The prescrip tion of Greenlees and Tang which transforms the non-local kernel to the equivalent