Showing papers in "Psychological Studies in 2015"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the direct and indirect effects of work related flow and psychological capital on employee creativity among employees of software houses and found that men exhibited greater psychological capital, work-related flow and creativity as compared to women.
Abstract: The present study examined the direct as well as indirect effects of work related flow and psychological capital on employee creativity among employees of software houses. The participants (N=532) were drawn form the software houses of Rawalpindi and Islamabad including both men and women with age range of 25–52 years (M = 32.53). They completed the measures of psychological capital, flow at work, and employee creativity. Results indicated that psychological capital, work related flow and employee creativity were significantly positively associated with each other. Stepwise Regression analysis revealed work related flow as a strong predictor of employee creativity. Findings also revealed that men exhibited greater psychological capital, work related flow and creativity as compared to women. It was also noted that extended job tenure reflected more psychological capital, work related flow and creativity at workplace as compared to those with lesser job tenure. The implications of the study are discussed.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the relationship between anxiety / perceived stress and time perspectives and found that the deviation of the Balanced Time Perspective (DBTP) was higher in persons with anxiety.
Abstract: In the current studies, we explore the relationship between anxiety / perceived stress and time perspectives. Study 1 tested the relationship between the dimensions of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and anxiety in a male sample. Study 2 examined the relationship between time perspectives and perceived stress in a sample of students. Both studies considered the Deviation of the Balanced Time Perspective (DBTP). In Study 1 psychiatrists of the Mental Health Centre of the Armed Forces in Athens diagnosed generalised anxiety in a number of male participants of the overall sample (n = 204). All participants completed a validated Greek translation of the ZTPI. In Study 2 a sample of students (n = 71) of Panteion University completed the Greek translations of the ZTPI and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14 items). In Study 1 a negative correlation between Future orientation and anxiety was found. The DBTP was higher in persons with anxiety. In Study 2 the Past Negative and Present Fatalistic orientations correlated with high-perceived stress as assumed. Furthermore, high-perceived stress was associated with a higher DBTP. The ZTPI is particularly important for the explanation of perceived stress. DBTP, Past Negative and Present Fatalistic perspectives are important factors of influence. The measurement of anxiety should be re-examined.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors take the initiative to test Dornyei's L2 Motivational Self System in two strikingly different milieus of language learning (public vs. private) which diverge in various respects such as learning objectives, teaching approaches and methods, the extent of volition over attendance, age of attendants, and teacher and learner roles.
Abstract: Dornyei’s L2 (second language) Motivational Self System and his landmark study on individual differences in language learning (2005) stimulated lines of research seeking to validate the model in different countries and cultures. The present study takes the initiative to test Dornyei’s model in two strikingly different milieus of language learning − public vs. private − which diverge in various respects such as learning objectives, teaching approaches and methods, the extent of volition over attendance, age of attendants, and teacher and learner roles. Dornyei’s L2 Motivational Self System measuring ten factors was employed to inform the present research. A total of 905 learners, 413 high school students and 492 institute EFL learners completed the Persian version of Dornyei’s questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was run to analyze the models of motivation in the two contexts. The results indicated that in the public context of Iran the model (Model 1) did not demonstrate a good fit with the empirical data; nevertheless, in the private context of Iran the model (Model 2) displayed a good fit. To pinpoint the discrepancies observed in the two models, each individual path indicating the causal relationships was analyzed in depth. In particular, it was revealed that the predictive role of attitudes to L2 culture in ideal L2 self was not confirmed in Model 1; whereas, it was demonstrated in Model 2. In Model 1, it was found that instrumentality promotion has a weak impact on ideal L2 self. In Model 2, on the other hand, the results indicated that instrumentality promotion is a strong predictor of ideal L2 self. The contribution of ideal L2 self to attitudes and to criterion measure was demonstrated. The magnitude of these associations, nevertheless, was higher in the second model. The positive impact of ought-to L2 self on criterion measure was also verified in both models. Unlike the previous paths, this association was outweighed in Model 1. The role of instrumentality prevention in ought-to L2 self was verified in Model 1 but not in Model 2. The discussion and implications of the findings are presented with reference to these findings.
32 citations
TL;DR: Most of the studies on naming speed have shown that rapid automatized naming (RAN) test to be a useful concurrent and future predictor of reading ability in children.
Abstract: Most of the studies on naming speed have shown that rapid automatized naming (RAN) test to be a useful concurrent and future predictor of reading ability in children. Individuals who show poor performances on RAN tasks are likely to have difficulty in reading. According to the double deficit hypothesis (DDH) deficits in phonological awareness (PA) and RAN are the primary causative factors of reading disability (RD). The present review presents the origin of RAN test, its measures, its relationship with reading, phonological awareness, and general speed of processing in the light of available research.
21 citations
TL;DR: The impact of quality of communication on prognosis suggested a definite pathway through adherence and the implications of enhancing the quality of doctor-patient communication are discussed.
Abstract: This study examined the effect of quality of doctor-patient communication on adherence and the effect of adherence on prognosis of patients diagnosed with primary hypertension. A sample of 30 doctors and 300 hypertensive patients with the ratio of one doctor and 10 patients participated in the study. Quality of communication was measured using similarity index that measured the transaction between the doctor and the patient as a whole. Adherence was measured through self-report while prognosis was measured by doctors’ ratings based on clinical symptoms and blood pressure readings of the patient. Results revealed that quality of communication significantly contributed to adherence and prognosis. Adherence significantly contributed to prognosis. The impact of quality of communication on prognosis suggested a definite pathway through adherence. The implications of enhancing the quality of doctor-patient communication are discussed.
15 citations
TL;DR: The authors discusses partner dependency and jealousy-motivated spousal violence as socioculturally situated, dependent on contextual and relational conditions of meaning embedded in the communal society of Ghana.
Abstract: While sociocultural scholarship has attempted an ecological explanation of intimate partner violence, it has largely been criticized for ignoring dispositional factors of both perpetrators and victims. Dependent personality and attachment-related emotional problems have been implicated in the extant literature as major intrapsychic processes involved in the perpetration and victimization of partner abuse, particularly in Western societies. These studies largely rely on a cultural background of individualism as a social representation to explain the behaviour of both victims and perpetrators of dependency and attachment-related spousal violence as a form of a psychopathology. This article discusses partner dependency and jealousy-motivated spousal violence as socioculturally situated, dependent on contextual and relational conditions of meaning embedded in the communal society of Ghana. It highlights Ghanaian communal personality, gendered socialization and meaning systems of marriage as salient sociocultural features for conceptualizing partner dependency and emotional-related spousal violence.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the differences in leisure motivation and well-being among adolescents and young adults and found that when intrinsic motivation to know, to accomplish, to experience stimulation and extrinsic motivation - identified and introjected is high, wellbeing is also high.
Abstract: Leisure activities give us the space, time and freedom to be ourselves. Research shows that these activities have a positive impact on life satisfaction and well-being. The objectives of the study were (a) to examine the differences in leisure motivation and well-being (b) to explore the relationship between leisure motivation and well-being (c) and to examine the effect of leisure motivation on well-being among adolescents and young adults. Utilizing between-subjects design, 100 adolescents (14–19 years) and 100 young adults (20–27 years) completed the Leisure Motivation and Well-being measures. Independent t-test revealed a significant difference between two groups on amotivation subscale and well-being score. The results indicate that when intrinsic motivation to know, to accomplish, to experience stimulation and extrinsic motivation - identified and introjected is high, well-being is also high. Leisure motivation explained significant proportion of variance in well-being for entire sample. The implications of the study are discussed.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the prevalence of physical and relational victimization and its relationship with self reported depressive symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems was examined in a sample of 376 adolescents studying in 9th to 12th class from Government and Private Schools of a North Indian city.
Abstract: This study examined the prevalence of physical and relational victimization and its relationship with self reported depressive symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems. A sample of 376 adolescents studying in 9th to 12th class (Mean age = 14.82 years, SD = 96) from Government and Private Schools of a North Indian city participated in the study. They completed measures of experiences with bullying and victimization, depression, and emotional and behavior problems. Three groups of students were compared: victims of physical bullying, victims of relational bullying, and those who were neither victims nor perpetrators of bullying. Nearly one-fourth of the students were victims of bullying. Physical bullying was reported by 8 %, relational bullying by 12 %, and 4 % reported being victims of both physical and relational bullying. Boys reported more direct victimization while girls were more likely to be victims of relational bullying. Victimization status was significantly related to self reported depression (F = 9.48, P = 000) and total difficulties score (F = 17.38, P = 000). Victims of relational aggression had relatively higher depression scores and conduct problems, while physically victimized adolescents reported more peer problems. Given the concurrent psychosocial adjustment problems associated with victimization, there is need for designing preventive and intervention programs.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the subsistence of body image dissatisfaction among young female university students, their locus of control and their metacognitive knowledge about their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their body.
Abstract: This study intended to explore the subsistence of body image dissatisfaction among young female university students, their locus of control and their metacognitive knowledge about their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their body. Thirty female university students (age ranged 21–24 years) participated in the study. Assessment through a screening information schedule confirmed all participants being of normal-weight category (BMI 18.5 to 24.9) on the BMI scale without any present or past diagnosis of eating disorder. The results demonstrated prevalence of body dissatisfaction among majority of participants, who were also seen to have less metacognitive awareness than the rest.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of functionality in various areas (work/occupation, domestic chores, relationship with friends, leisure activities, and relationship with family) in the latent structure of posttraumatic growth among survivors of flash flood disaster was examined.
Abstract: Several studies have examined what model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) best represents its latent structure among Asian population but yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, there is limited literature assessing the factor structure of PTG in the aftermath of a disaster, and so far, none have looked into the moderating effect of functionality. The present study examined the role of functionality in various areas (work/occupation, domestic chores, relationship with friends, leisure activities, and relationship with family) in the latent structure of PTG among survivors of flash flood disaster (N = 912). Findings revealed the 3-factor model as the best-fitting and can be generalized between functional and dysfunctional groups in the areas of work/occupation, domestic chores, and leisure activities, but not with relationships with family and friends. The findings that relationships with family and friends moderate the latent structure of PTG can be vital in integrating interventions that would address the relational issues among survivors.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between parenting style and internalization of moral values of children and adolescents and found that for adolescents, authoritarian parenting style was positively linked to external and introjected regulation and authoritative parenting style is positively associated with identified and integrated regulation.
Abstract: The present study examines the relationship between parenting style and internalization of moral values of children and adolescents. The stratified sample comprised 250 children of 9–16 years from government aided schools of Kolkata. Parental Authority Questionnaire and Moral Values Internalisation Questionnaire were used to assess the parenting style and moral value internalization, respectively. Three types of parenting style (authoritative, authoritarian and permissive) and four types of value regulation (external, introjected, identified and integrated) were assessed in this study. For adolescents, authoritarian parenting style is positively linked to external and introjected regulation and authoritative parenting style is positively associated with identified and integrated regulation. The reverse trend is evident for children. Implications for parenting and moral socialization in families are discussed.
TL;DR: The authors explored relations between acculturation patterns of mothers and fathers, and parents and children, and found that both parents (fathers and mothers) and children had a significantly greater orientation toward their heritage culture (Pakistan) than toward their host culture (the U.S.).
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore relations between acculturation patterns of mothers and fathers, and parents and children. The sample consisted of 102 children (52 boys and 50 girls) and 204 parents (102 mothers and 102 fathers) drawn from three cities in the Eastern United States. Children ranged in age from nine through 13 years (M = 11 years). Mothers ranged in age from 29 through 50 years (M = 38 years), and fathers ranged in age from 32 through 56 years (M = 44 years). Measures used were Bicultural Attitude Scales for Parents and Children. Results showed significant correlations between the cultural orientation of mothers and fathers, as well as between parents and children. Results also showed that both parents (fathers and mothers) and children had a significantly greater orientation toward their heritage culture (Pakistan) than toward their host culture (the U.S.). But the level of orientation toward the heritage culture was significantly higher for parents than for children. In addition, boys showed significantly higher orientation toward the host culture than did girls.
TL;DR: This article argued that the claims of authors like "Jagged_85" constitute presentism in the usual sense of the term, projecting the views of the present onto the past instead of making a serious attempt to understand how historical figures themselves understood the world.
Abstract: Providing an entry on the history of psychology for the online encyclopaedia, Wikipedia has proved to be more problematic than one might expect. In particular, someone who goes under the internet name, ‘Jagged_85’ inserted claims to the effect that most of the major developments in the history of psychology have their origins in the medieval Arab world. Similar claims and at least one attempt to challenge those claims have appeared in the professional literature. A special issue of the online newsletter, Advances in the History of Psychology devoted to this topic has also appeared under the title, “Presentism in the Service of Diversity?” The term, “presentism” has several meanings but it usually refers to projecting the views of the present onto the past instead of making a serious attempt to understand how historical figures themselves understood the world. The present paper endorses the view that the claims of authors like ‘Jagged_85’ constitute presentism in the usual sense of the term. It also offers suggestions for how diversity without this type of presentism might be achieved.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the hypothesis whether the benefits of doodling vary across retrieval strategies (recall vs recognition) and find that doodlings help people manage distractions which in turn leads to improved performance on memory tasks.
Abstract: Day dreaming and mind wandering are common phenomena that use mental energy and can be distracting. A common strategy employed against day dreaming is doodling (simple unfocused drawing made while a person’s attention is otherwise occupied). Jackie Andrade (2009) reported that, doodling help people manage distractions which in turn leads to improved performance on memory tasks. The present study tries to evaluate the hypothesis whether the benefits of doodling vary across retrieval strategies (recall vs recognition). In the present experiment two groups (retrieval strategy: recall vs recognition) of participants (32 = 16 + 16) with mean age 19.8 ± 2 yrs were involved in a doodling task while a boring story was played in the background. This was followed retrieval tests of information embedded in the audio story. One way analysis of variance (dependent: memory accuracy, independent: recall vs recognition) reported main effects of retrieval strategy (F 1, 30 = 3.428, p = 0.07, Mean recognition = 4.625 ± 2.5, Mean recall = 3.125 ± 1.4). Pearson correlation between doodling percentage and memory accuracy reported r = −0.05, p = 0.77). The results Doodling benefits memory retrieval using recognition over recall. However this benefit is independent of amount of doodling.
TL;DR: In this article, a family network member communicates manifestly with another family member with the aim of bringing the communicative message to the third member who is present but is not explicitly designated as the manifest addressee of the intended message.
Abstract: Families are social units that expand in time (across generations) and space (as a geographically distributed sub-structures of wider kinship networks). Understanding of intergenerational family relations thus requires conceptualization of communication processes that take place within a small collective of persons linked with one another by a flexible social network. Within such networks, Peripheral Communication Patterns set the stage for direct everyday life activities within the family context. Peripheral Communication Patterns are conditions where one family network member (A) communicates manifestly with another member (B) with the aim of bringing the communicative message to the third member (C) who is present but is not explicitly designated as the manifest addressee of the intended message. Inclusion of physically non-present members of the family network (elders living elsewhere, deceased relatives, ancestors’ spirits, etc.) in efforts that use Peripheral Communication Patterns creates a highly redundant social context for human development over life course which is the basis for family members’ resilience during critical life events. Examples from the social contexts of Greenland, Italy and India will be analyzed to arrive at a general model of the role of peripheral communication as the core of intergenerational value transfer processes.
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship between several exchange variables (organizational justice, organizational support, and psychological contracts) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and in-role performance in Arab teachers in Israel.
Abstract: This paper examined the relationship between several exchange variables (organizational justice, organizational support, and psychological contracts) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and in-role performance. The setting of this study was Arab teachers in Israel. Four-hundred and forty-six questionnaires were distributed in 13 Arab schools in the North of Israel. Usable questionnaires were returned by 291 teachers, a response rate of 65 %. OCB and in-role performance were reported by the principals of the schools. The findings using HLM showed a weak effect of organizational justice on the outcome variables, and a stronger effect of perceived organizational support and psychological contract breach. Some of the findings differ significantly from results typically found in Western samples. The findings are discussed in relation to the traditional Arab culture examined here.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show similarities between psychotherapy learning in India to what has been reported in psychotherapy training literature globally and conclude that an experiential account from therapists may have potential to offer insight and perspective to the present trainees in their journey.
Abstract: Learning psychotherapy under supervision is an exciting but difficult journey. Psychotherapy training in India mostly has often been approached in the context of culture and religion. The present analysis shows similarities between psychotherapy learning in India to what has been reported in psychotherapy training literature globally. It notes that the training of therapist in India adopts the shared philosophy of different models of therapist development. It is concluded that an experiential account from therapists may has potential to offer insight and perspective to the present trainees in their journey.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest strategies for addressing gender issues in counselling conversations and also for developing gender sensitive counselling interventions, using case examples, and suggest strategies to address the impact of gendered socialisation on individual's psychological and interpersonal functioning and on her power, position and privilege.
Abstract: Gender is a critical determinant of mental health and distress. Gender influences roles played by men and women, stressors experienced by them, their access to resources and their participation in decision making. Gender also influences manifestations and consequences of psychological distress and the nature of counselling services needed. Yet, existing counselling services in India, with the exception of a few, are gender blind in nature. Gender issues rarely find expression in mainstream counselling discourse in the Indian context. This results in lack of acknowledgment of impact of gendered socialisation on individual’s psychological and interpersonal functioning and on her power, position and privilege in the given socio- political- cultural system. It also leads to reiteration and maintenance of traditional gendered messages and power differentials; making counselling services less effective. Given the patriarchal nature of Indian society and the gendered norms prescribed by the culture, there is a strong need for integrating gender discourse within existing counselling services in India. Using case examples, the author suggests strategies for addressing gender issues in counselling conversations and also for developing gender sensitive counselling interventions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the extent of change in attitude towards the role and status of women in samples representing three generations and found that women demonstrated greater gender role egalitarianism regarding employment and social roles while men were more against the system of dowry and harassment of women.
Abstract: The study examined the extent of change in attitude towards the role and status of women in samples representing three generations. Two constellations of attitudes were selected i.e.: gender role egalitarianism issues relevant to the Indian women. The sample (n=200) was drawn taking family as a unit belonging to three generations of sons and daughters, fathers and mothers, and grandfathers and grandmothers. The women demonstrated greater gender role egalitarianism regarding employment and social roles while men were more against the system of dowry and harassment of women; respondents in the younger generations were more nontraditional than those in the older generations; among the younger generations women were more nontraditional than men but among the older generations they are less nontraditional than men. The areas such as practice of dowry, women’s right to inheritance and violence against women were very resistant to attitudinal change. The findings implicate the need for corrective measures by way of practicing, advocating and teaching gender role egalitarianism to both men and women.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the association between contingencies of self-worth and body image in British and Indian college women (N = 168, M age 19-years).
Abstract: This study examined the association between contingencies of self-worth and body image in British and Indian college women (N = 168, M age 19 years). It was expected that appearance contingent self-worth would be especially salient to British women’s body image, whereas self-worth contingent on family support, approval, competition, and academic performance would be more salient to Indian women’s body image. Also it was explored whether poor body image would be a stronger predictor of depression in British women (n = 107), relative to Indian women (n = 61). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that indeed, body image affected depression in British women to a far greater extent than in Indian women. As expected, different domains of contingent self-worth were associated with body image in Indian and British women. For Indian women, self-worth contingent on academic performance uniquely undermined body image. For British women, self-worth contingent on appearance, approval, and family support were the most salient predictors of body image. Cross-cultural variation in the association between contingencies of self-worth and body image are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that it is possible to use our psychological constructs so that we can see the distinctive particularities of the phenomena before us in new and interesting ways and in ways that respect their cultural specificity.
Abstract: Psychology has a poor record in addressing cultural phenomena. One response is to turn to ancient concepts from local traditions and to use these as alternative analytic categories to explain behavior. However, there are problems with such an approach. These concepts will be read from the vantage point of the present and interpreted differently so as to propose different diagnoses (and solutions) for contemporary social problems. As an alternative, rather than using ancient resources as analytic categories in the explanation of behavior, we could instead examine how they are used as categories of practice as people actively make sense of their social context and themselves. Attending to such contemporary ‘lay’ usage (and the contestation it entails) allows for a more dynamic conception of cultural processes than is typical in psychology. More generally, I believe that it is possible to use our psychological constructs so that we can see the distinctive particularities of the phenomena before us in new and interesting ways, and in ways that respect their cultural specificity. This claim is illustrated through reference to recent work using the concept of social identity to illuminate aspects of Hindu pilgrimage.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of extraversion and pleasure orientation values (i.e., Hedonism & Stimulation) and welfare-orientation values (e.g., Universalism & Benevolence) in predicting problem-solving ability was examined.
Abstract: Previous research has established the association between Extraversion and pleasure orientation. This paper focuses on how Extraversion predicts problem-solving ability. The present study examined the role of Extraversion and pleasure-orientation values (i.e., Hedonism & Stimulation) and welfare-orientation values (i.e., Universalism & Benevolence) in the prediction of problem-solving ability. Specifically, it was hypothesized that measures of pleasure orientation would mediate extraversion in the prediction of problem solving. Participants were a sample of 195 university students, who completed several online measures of problem-solving ability, personal values and personality. Problem solving was measured using the Towers of Hanoi test, which is a three-disk configuration problem, and values and personality traits were measured using self-report scales. Consistent with the hypotheses, Extraversion predicted problem-solving ability through the mediating effects of pleasure-oriented values, Hedonism and Stimulation. The findings suggest that being high in extraversion or pleasure-orientation may not be sufficient for the individual to be good at solving problems. However, extraversion in association with pleasure orientation leads to greater problem-solving ability.
TL;DR: In this paper, the functional and dysfunctional consequences of the use of the diagnostic label "Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder" (ADHD) in an educational context are investigated.
Abstract: The present research focuses on the functional and dysfunctional consequences of the use of the diagnostic label “Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” (ADHD) in an educational context. Assuming a social constructionist framework, a thematic content analysis of the narrative data produced by interviews with education staff in a communal school in Linkoping (Sweden) revealed how children’s behavior become more reasonable through the diagnostic label and how the diagnosis has the power to reassure education professionals regarding their competences. Also, participants’ accounts revealed a contradiction between the typical ADHD-child, generalized and stereotypic, and the declared uniqueness of each child. Finally, referring to a psychiatric diagnosis in an educational domain showed an unwanted consequence of stigmatization. Although participants declare to be aware of the stigmatizing power of dealing with ADHD as a disease, their use of the diagnostic label indirectly reinforce the stigmatized content of the generalized difference between children who are diagnosed as ADHD and children who are not.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the relationship between the feeling of happiness and the quality of the different dynamic internal and external spaces that form an intimate part of an individual's existence using the analogy of the spaces within a house.
Abstract: Happiness is recognised as a prime driver of development but studies have shown that there is no universal definition of the term which is moulded by its cultural context. In India, the Sanskrit word sukha is often used to denote happiness. This conceptual paper is an interpretative analysis of the word which literally means ‘excellent space’. Basing itself on the premise that human life is comprised of several concomitant spaces, it explores the relationship between the feeling of happiness and the quality of the different dynamic internal and external spaces that form an intimate part of an individual’s existence using the analogy of the spaces within a house. It further establishes that while happiness is determined by the nature of the internal space, it is significantly affected by her external circumstances due to the symbiotic nature of these spaces. It, therefore, briefly looks at the implications of sukha in connection with development and introduces the idea of self-architecture as a psychological process by which a person takes responsibility for designing, structuring and managing the different spaces in her life. Finally, this paper proposes the following 1) to examine the various dimensions of the term sukha, with respect to some prevailing notions of happiness 2) to explore happiness in terms of quality of spaces 3) to see its implications on development and thereby hinting at the possibility of evolving a measurement tool based on sukha or ‘excellence’ as a benchmark for a nation’s progress.
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship between time perspectives and the use of volitional strategies in school and found that past-positive and future time perspective positively predicted volitional behaviors in student's academic outcomes.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between time perspectives and the use of volitional strategies in school. University students from the Philippines participated in the study. Results indicated that past-positive and future time perspective positively predicted volitional strategies. Past-negative, present-fatalistic, and present-hedonistic time perspectives were not salient predictors of volitional strategies. Overall findings suggest that time perspectives are important individual difference variables that influence students’ academic outcomes. Implications are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the key problems and issues related to diagnosis of children as autism in our country, and highlight more than 60 sources of diagnostic errors in terms of derived quantitative and qualitative metrics, with explanations and examples for prospective diagnosticians to be wary before labeling children as autistic or on its spectrum.
Abstract: There is a growing trend in favor of diagnosing many children as cases of autism. This study seeks to address the key problems and issues related to diagnosis of children as autism in our country. One-hundred fifty four cases of children below 8 years diagnosed as autism at some point in their lifetime underwent a detailed individualized re-evaluation covering manifold processes and techniques. Data units of information attempted to recapture the subjective experience of diagnostic decision making by using schemas that enables one ‘to think about it, mull it over and evaluate it’. Results analyzed in terms of derived quantitative and qualitative metrics highlight more than 60 sources of diagnostic errors. Thus, out of the studied sample only 30 children (19.48 %) eventually qualified for final diagnosis of autism against the set official criteria. The findings are delineated with explanations and examples for prospective diagnosticians to be wary before labeling children as autism or on its spectrum.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explain why people would adopt relationally-autonomous reasons (RARs) for their goals, which are based on the needs, desires, and commitments of the self within a close relationship.
Abstract: This study, attempts to explain reasons why people would adopt relationally-autonomous reasons (RARs) for their goals, which are based on the needs, desires, and commitments of the self within a close relationship. In particular it examines if closeness, support, accountability, shared values and direct involvement from others serve as mechanisms that drive RARs. We hypothesize that these relationship components are all uniquely associated with RARs during goal pursuit. Participants (n = 150) were college students who completed an online questionnaire. Accountability, shared values, and direct involvement all uniquely predicted relational motivation, whereas closeness and support did not. Implications for motivation theory are discussed.
TL;DR: Intervention techniques derived from all three parts of theory of mind, i.e., emotion, informational states, and pretend play were performed during sessions to see the effect of a semi-structured intervention programme for treating a child with autism.
Abstract: The present study was designed to see the effect of a semi-structured intervention programme based on theory of mind technique for treating a child with autism. This programme was conducted in playful manner with flexible timetable in home setting. Single-case design was used. Pre and post assessment approach was done. Pre-assessment results revealed that the child was unable to anticipate what other’s might think of his actions, what was reason behind other’s actions, inability to negotiate, and insensitivity to other’s feelings. Thus, intervention techniques derived from all three parts of theory of mind, i.e., emotion, informational states, and pretend play were performed during sessions. Forty five minutes sessions were administered, thrice a week for the period of 8 months. Home setting was used as child was inadequately responding to clinic setting. Post intervention results revealed qualitative changes in his cognitive and social-communicative skills. Results also revealed remarkable improvement in language, play, adaptive functioning, and severity of disorder.
TL;DR: The authors argue that the imaginary of a new India has been constructed around the imagery of the actively desiring new Indian woman, the figure of the confidant modern consumer woman who is capable of managing both home and work.
Abstract: The paper argues that the imaginary of a new India has been constructed around the imagery of the actively desiring new Indian woman-- the figure of the confidant modern consumer woman who is capable of managing both home and work. Through the narrative of a single woman the paper exposes the deconstructive (psychological) faultlines which crack the narrative of the triumphant discourse of neoliberalism which is aspiring to be dominant in contemporary times.
TL;DR: This article explored the ways in which the construct of academic achievement and failure is conceptualized and represented among different social categories based on educational roles and found that social representations of academic achievements and failures function in broader social contexts.
Abstract: This study tried to explore the ways in which the construct of academic achievement and failure is conceptualized and represented among different social categories based on educational roles. It was indicated that social representations of academic achievement and failure function in broader social contexts. Findings also suggested that academic achievement and failure are not the antinomies and have multidimensional aspects which collaborate and have greater bearing on the future social outcomes.