Showing papers in "Psychotherapy in 1993"
465 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a psychotherapeutic intervention with forgiveness as the goal was implemented with 24 elderly females, where the client's goal was to forgive one person who had inflicted considerable psychological hurt, as judged by the client.
Abstract: A psychotherapeutic intervention with forgiveness as the goal was implemented with 24 elderly females. The client's goal was to forgive one person who had inflicted considerable psychological hurt, as judged by the client. The subjects were randomly assigned to a forgiveness condition and a control group. The forgiveness group followed a treatment model based on Enright et al. (1991). Dependent variables included two forgiveness scales, a self-esteem inventory, a psychological depression scale, and a state-trait anxiety scale. Following the eight week intervention, the experimental group showed significantly higher forgiveness profiles at posttest compared with the control group. Both groups significantly decreased from pretest to posttest on psychological depression and trait anxiety. Implications for forgiveness counseling are discussed.
375 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the research on the impostor phenomenon, an experience of feeling incompetent and of having deceived others about one's abilities, and found that imposter feelings are associated with such characteristics as introversion, trait anxiety, a need to look smart to others, a propensity to shame, and a conflictual and non-supportive family background.
Abstract: Research on the impostor phenomenon, an experience of feeling incompetent and of having deceived others about one's abilities, is reviewed. Impostor feelings are shown to be associated with such characteristics as introversion, trait anxiety, a need to look smart to others, a propensity to shame, and a conflictual and non-supportive family background. The findings are discussed in terms of self psychological theory, with the impostor phenomenon seen as a result of seeking self-esteem by trying to live up to an idealized image to compensate for feelings of insecurity and self-doubt. Therapeutic approaches drawing on self psychology and cognitive therapy are suggested.
186 citations
158 citations
TL;DR: A specific decisionmaking model to avoid exploitive dual relationships is presented and the model's uses and limitations are critically examined.
Abstract: Ethical principles provide general guidelines for professional behavior. Unfortunately, these principles are not adequate for practical decision-making. One ethical principle which generates frequent consternation is that of avoiding dual relationships. Some models have been developed to address this problem, but they are typically general and not especially helpful when specific ethical dilemmas arise. The principle of avoiding dual relationships is briefly reviewed, and problems with the principle are noted. This article presents a specific decision-making model to avoid exploitive dual relationships; the model's uses and limitations are critically examined. Avoiding dual relationships is an ethical injunction which frequently generates dilemmas for psychologists. Ethical principles provide general guidelines for professional conduct, but often provide little or no specific guidance for practical decision-making. This article reviews the relevant literature and presents a specific decisionmaking model for avoiding exploitive dual relationships. Examples of its use and pertinent limitations are noted.
149 citations
TL;DR: The Socratic method includes three primary elements: systematic questioning, inductive reasoning, and universal definitions as discussed by the authors, and an attempt is made to provide an intermediate level of structure so as to facilitate a shaping process during the interview.
Abstract: The Socratic method includes three primary elements: systematic questioning, inductive reasoning, and universal definitions. Although many psychotherapists allude to the Socratic method, most refer only to the questioning style and few describe the process in adequate detail. The present report describes the use of systematic questioning in terms of its format, content, and process. Finally, an attempt is made to provide an intermediate level of structure so as to facilitate a shaping process during the interview.
144 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the clarification of the processes involved in working through breaches or ruptures in the therapeutic alliance is a vitally important task for psychotherapy theorists and researchers.
Abstract: In this article I argue that the clarification of the processes involved in working through breaches or ruptures in the therapeutic alliance, is a vitally important task for psychotherapy theorists and researchers. I suggest that these inevitable problems in the therapeutic alliance provide important opportunities for clarifying factors that may create barriers to authentic relatedness in clients' everyday lives. Furthermore, working through these problems can provide clients with valuable experience in the important tasks of reconciling the needs for relatedness and agency, and of coming to accept both self and other.
132 citations
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83 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the process of seeking psychotherapy, conceptualized as four steps: recognizing the problem; deciding therapy might help; deciding to seek therapy; and contacting the mental health system indicated that problems tended to be long-standing.
Abstract: This study assessed the process of seeking psychotherapy, conceptualized as four steps: recognizing the problem; deciding therapy might help; deciding to seek therapy; and contacting the mental health system The Process of Seeking Therapy Questionnaire (PSTQ) was completed by 275 therapy applicants It ascertained problem duration, alternative coping strategies, difficulty achieving and time needed to achieve the steps, and whether the applicant had informal help achieving the steps Results indicated that problems tended to be long-standing, that therapy applicants attempted a variety of coping strategies before seeking therapy, and that informal help was important throughout the process Problem recognition was the most difficult, time-consuming step Difficulty achieving the first three steps was significantly, curvilinearly related to symptomatic distress, as the least and most distressed reported the most difficulty Utilizing social support was related to experiencing greater difficulty deciding therapy might help Time
TL;DR: A growing body of research indicates that neuropsychological dysfunction join psychosocial markers as essential predictors of substance abuse treatment outcome as mentioned in this paper, which raises disturbing issues because, left unrecognized and untreated, problems with prefrontalexecutive functions may prevent some substance abusersfrom fully benefiting from contemporary treatment approaches.
Abstract: Harvard Medical SchoolA growing body of research indicates thatneuropsychological dysfunction joinpsychosocial markers as essentialpredictors of substance abuse treatmentoutcome. In particular, evidence revealsthat the prefrontal cortex plays asignificant role in moderating behaviorpatterns. Clinical research also showsthat the prefrontallfrontal region of thebrain is often impaired among substanceabusers. This finding raises disturbingissues because, left unrecognized anduntreated, problems with prefrontalexecutive functions (e.g., reducedattention, impulsivity, disinhibition, etc.)may prevent some substance abusersfrom fully benefiting from contemporarytreatment approaches. This articleprovides a guide for substance abuseclinicians to use during the assessmentand treatment of neurocognitivefunctions (e.g., attention, new learning,language, planning and organization,etc.). By viewing patients through a"wider lens," therapists can begin tounderstand the interactions amongneurocognitive, emotional, and other
TL;DR: The authors proposed a more structured form of presupervisory preparation than generally exists in graduate training programs, including salient issues and perspectives in the supervision literature as well as research findings, and potential pitfalls and strategies for trainees to deal with dissatisfactions are identified.
Abstract: Trainees' experiences in supervision are crucial to the development of psychotherapy skills. However, they usually enter the supervisory situation with little understanding of the process. This paper proposes a more structured form of presupervisory preparation than generally exists in graduate training programs. Guidelines for incorporating such instruction are provided. Topics for discussion, including salient issues and perspectives in the supervision literature as well as research findings, are outlined. Potential pitfalls and strategies for trainees to deal with dissatisfactions are identified.