Showing papers in "Public Health in 2005"

TL;DR: Geographic variation in fruit and vegetable prices is large enough to explain a meaningful amount of the differential gain in BMI among elementary school children across metropolitan areas, but as consumption information was not available, it cannot confirm that this is the actual pathway.

TL;DR: Some of the benefits and limitations of using natural experiments for evidence of the effects of interventions on health inequalities are discussed, drawing on two ongoing quasi-experimental studies as examples.

TL;DR: A socio-ecological framework is used to identify determinants of adolescents' sexual risk and protective behaviours as well as antecedents of their STI acquisition and proposes an integrated strategy that addresses the STI epidemic among adolescents by promoting a socio-ECological perspective in both basic research and intervention design.

TL;DR: The diversity of designs, definitions and methods in the current literature on FAs in general practice hampers comparison of their precision, validity and generalizability, and calls for cautious interpretation and adoption of a common, generally acceptable definition in future studies.

TL;DR: Sedentary behaviour and physical activity in early adolescence both influenced body mass in late adolescence, and results indicated that promoting healthy diets and physical activities may have long-term health benefits for young people.

TL;DR: Exercise-referral schemes appear to increase physical activity levels in certain populations, namely individuals who are not sedentary but already slightly active, older adults and those who are overweight (but not obese).

TL;DR: An eight-step framework for policy analysis is proposed that public health policy makers and public health practitioners may find especially useful due to its simplicity.

TL;DR: It was found that married women and those with a negative family history of breast cancer waited longer than others before seeking care and public education initiatives focused on encouraging women (especially high-risk groups such as older women, married women, and those living in small cities or villages) to see a doctor promptly can decrease delay and improve patient outcome.

TL;DR: In non-MSA counties, increasing primary physician supply could be one way to address the health needs of rural populations, as the association between primary care and health outcomes appears to be more complex and is likely to require intervention that focuses on multiple fronts.

TL;DR: The authors' study confirmed the circulation of MDR S. typhi in Lagos, Nigeria, and provided an early warning signal for the prudent use of fluoroquinolone antimicrobials to preserve their usefulness.

TL;DR: Significantly (P < 0.05) lower healthcare utilization was observed in men compared with women for all indicators examined, and men showed better health outcomes (lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c).

TL;DR: As the monitoring of waterpipe smoking is in its infancy, the development of consensus measures should facilitate the initiation of effective surveillance that can guide public health response to this emerging epidemic.

TL;DR: Investigation of the association of socio-economic status (SES) with duration of smoking among ever smokers found that lower SES smokers who experience financial stress are more likely to suffer a longer period of compromised living standards than their counterparts in the higher strata.

TL;DR: Annoyance related to electrical and/or chemical factors was common in a Swedish population and the association with subjective health and functional capacity increased with severity of annoyance, which suggests that there is some connection between environmental annoyance, well-being andfunctional capacity.

TL;DR: Suggestions for the types of information that should be included in HIA reports are suggested in order to permit the readers to make an assessment of the 'quality' of the HIA using the three domain criteria outlined above.

TL;DR: Being married, employed and having a higher household income were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of cancer screening for all types of cancer: the adjusted odds ratio in the lowest income quintiles ranged from 0.45 for uterine cancer to 0.53 for colon cancer compared with the highest income quintile.

TL;DR: Full vaccination rates for children aged less than 1 year and less than 5 years were higher in the Umraniye Health District than in Istanbul, however, the EPI aims for any of the vaccines were not met, and differences were observed in vaccination coverage rates between different socio-economic groups.

TL;DR: The gap in European lifestyle has narrowed over the past 30-40 years for smoking (women), alcohol consumption and total fat intake, and the notion of convergent lifestyles among Europeans over time is supported.

TL;DR: It is revealed that doctors were important in the spread of SARS in Beijing, and hospitals were not as important as doctors in the contagion period, but the population density was more significant than the population size, although they were both important throughout the whole period.

TL;DR: Inequalities in health by the level of education should plateau as the society-at-large enters into a more stable stage of social and economic development.

TL;DR: Both rural and urban communities were aware of malaria as a disease, but practices were grossly inadequate, and the provision of affordable healthcare facilities and the use of health education to change knowledge, attitude and practice will help meet the target goals of the 'Roll Back Malaria' campaign in the area.

TL;DR: The injury pattern found in this study is generally similar to that of many other countries, with the striking exception of burns, and interventions should be targeted at people at the greatest risk, namely children.

TL;DR: Although cross-sectional, this study provides some insight into historical risks for HCV infection among this population of injection drug users, and prospective follow-up of this cohort will be useful to determine if use of the SIF is associated with reduced risk behaviour and HCV incidence.

TL;DR: A statistically significant synergistic effect between O3 and temperature was observed for cardiovascular mortality, particularly in elderly people, with an evident increase in mortality risk above 26 degrees C, and substantiates the influence of photochemical pollution on mortality trends in small urban areas.

TL;DR: Using teenage pregnancy as a case study of a public health programme highlights the characteristics of the model, which demonstrates not only the importance of the role of directors of public health in taking a population-based overview, but also the need for multisectoral, multidisciplinary working.

TL;DR: Overall, episodic heavy drinking was associated with increased odds of poor self-rated health in men and women and public health strategies to curb alcohol abuse may improve self-reported health status in these at-risk populations.

TL;DR: A relatively low prevalence of obesity among 17-year-old Israeli conscripts, but an alarmingly high prevalence of borderline overweight is found, which calls for the creation of new education programmes on the prevention of overweight among children and adolescents.

TL;DR: A lower prevalence of smoking among physicians compared with the general population is found, and the impact of personal smoking on physicians' attitudes towards smoking is demonstrated, providing an important challenge to medical education in Estonia.

TL;DR: The study suggests that higher education may be a strong and consistent predictor of good health and interventions to improve the health of the Polish population need to be specific for the social environment.

TL;DR: Among men aged 50 years and older, overweight and obesity is associated with obtaining a PSA test, and men in the overweight and obese categories were significantly more likely to have obtained a PSC test within the previous year.