Showing papers in "Quarterly Journal of Speech in 1972"
TL;DR: The process by which small groups fantasize to create a common culture can be extrapolated to the way dramatizations in public messages spread out across larger publics as discussed by the authors, and the composite dramas which catch up large groups of people in a symbolic reality can be termed a rhetorical vision.
Abstract: The process by which small groups fantasize to create a common culture can be extrapolated to the way dramatizations in public messages spread out across larger publics. The composite dramas which catch up large groups of people in a symbolic reality can be termed a rhetorical vision. Once we participate in a given rhetorical vision, even if we keep an esthetic distance, we have come to experience vicariously a way of life that would otherwise be less accessible to us. The discovery and appreciation of rhetorical visions are useful functions of criticism.
576 citations
TL;DR: The diatribe is a unique rhetorical form that relies on obscenities, strident moralism, slang, and advocacy of a "counterculture" to protest corrupt cultures as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The diatribe is a unique rhetorical form. The rhetor relies on obscenities, strident moralism, slang, and advocacy of a “counter‐culture” to protest corrupt cultures. It was invented by the Cynics of Athens and revived by the Yippies to protest the war in Vietnam. It is a product of basic commitments about the nature of man and forged by circumstances that rhetors believe exclude conventional means of protest.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an exploratory analysis of the rhetorical dimensions of music is presented, focusing on those elements inherent in the musical situation which function as rhetorical v... and the rhetorical dimension of music.
Abstract: This article is an exploratory analysis of the rhetorical dimensions of music. The first level of analysis deals with those elements inherent in the musical situation which function as rhetorical v...
66 citations
TL;DR: The critic offers, along with a particular judgment, and a way of judging, a definition of being as discussed by the authors, and the critic is but one human being trying to communicate with other human beings.
Abstract: The critic offers, along with a particular judgment, and a way of judging, a definition of being. Setting aside technical language, academic titles, institutional affiliations, and all else that creates the illusion of expertise, we discover that the critic is but one human being trying to communicate with other human beings. Criticism, at its best, is informed talk about matters of importance.
55 citations
TL;DR: A neo-Aristotelian critique that corn-pares the means of persuasion Nixon used with the inventory given in the Rhetoric reveals that he exploited premises of prediction and value likely to be held by members of his target audience and set them in a structure and a framework of states of feeling favorable to acceptance of Vietnamization as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A neo‐Aristotelian critique that corn‐pares the means of persuasion Nixon used with the inventory given in the Rhetoric reveals that he exploited premises of prediction and value likely to be held by members of his target audience and set them in a structure and a framework of states of feeling favorable to acceptance of Vietnamization. Neo‐Aristotelianism limits a critic in a desirable way from‐ making further judgments.
55 citations
TL;DR: This article used recordings of a speech delivered by the same speaker in two styles (conversational and dynamic) and found that vocalic cues induced different credibility perceptions and, interacting with initial credibility structured through an introduction of the speaker, affected the message's persuasive effect.
Abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that credibility is inferred from vocalic communication. These studies, however, may not be generalizable and have not shown vocal cues to affect persuasion. The present study utilized recordings of a speech delivered by the same speaker in two styles (conversational and dynamic). Controlling for verbal style (opinionated language), vocalic cues induced different credibility perceptions and, interacting with initial credibility structured through an introduction of the speaker, affected the message's persuasive effect.
52 citations
TL;DR: Rhetorical invention should focus on topoi which allow learners and users to acquire knowledge and categorize experience for communication and to facilitate the recurrence of experience in communication.
Abstract: Rhetorical invention should focus on topoi which allow learners and users to acquire knowledge and categorize experience for communication and to facilitate the recurrence of experience in communication. Special problems: (1) maintaining a balance between the philosophical and the practical; (2) pinning down . the relationships between mental processes typical of rhetorical activity (explaining and arguing) and of poetic activity (imagining) and (3) distinguishing between topics intended primarily to prompt recall and those intended to prompt originality of utterance and argument. Perelman's New Rhetoric is offered as an example of (1) the author presents his topical scheme in illustration of (3).
42 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the nature of regional dialect cued stereotypes and their effect upon the formation of an impression of an unknown other and found that initial evaluative orientations based upon such stereotypes are quite tentative and change when subsequent information concerning the other's character is acquired.
Abstract: Two studies examined the nature of regional dialect cued stereotypes and their effect upon the formation of an impression of an unknown other. The studies showed (1) that subjects rely upon dialect as a cue to qualities of the other which facilitate his sociological placement, (2) that initial evaluative orientations based upon such stereotypes are quite tentative and change when subsequent information concerning the other's character is acquired, and (3) that the effects of the stereotype persist in little noticed ways in shaping the content and form of the impression.
41 citations
TL;DR: In the early stages of the current radical feminist movement, naming men as the enemy was an important rhetorical strategy as mentioned in this paper, which not only allowed women to release frustration and guilt, but led to identifying female characteristics as the antithesis of male standards.
Abstract: In the early stages of the current radical feminist movement, naming men as the enemy was an important rhetorical strategy. “Man‐hating” not only allowed women to release frustration and guilt, but led to identifying female characteristics as the antithesis of male standards. The pro‐woman line that developed was instrumental in giving women a new identity and sense of political strength.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the Rhetoric and its contributions to the development of stasis is presented. But this study is incomplete unless a detailed analysis of Aristotle's contributions to stasis can be found.
Abstract: Analysis of Aristotle's contributions to the development of stasis is incomplete unless a study of the Rhetoric is included. Although books i and ii of the Rhetoric contain only two passages that are even possibly early forms of stasis, book Hi includes stasis as a system of analysis. The doctrine, however, lacks the clear, precise formulation found later in Hermagoras, and the details of the two treatments differ.
33 citations
TL;DR: This article reviewed treatments of language and meaning in recent speech communication literature and outlined the approach to these subjects taken by ordinary language philosophers. But they did not consider the meaning of words in any single way; meaning is not simply referring and words are not simply names.
Abstract: This essay reviews treatments of language and meaning in recent speech communication literature and outlines the approach to these subjects taken by ordinary language philosophers. Speech scholars view language as a system of symbols and meaning as a matter of symbols representing or naming objects, ideas, or behavioral responses. Ordinary language philosophers contend that words do not function in any single way; specifically, meaning is not simply referring and words are not simply names. The philosophers treat language‐using as situationally dependent behavior governed by informal logical rules.
TL;DR: Goldwater's extensive speaking and writing created a message of rugged individualism that was identified with important properties of four groups prominent in his coalition as discussed by the authors, which carried him to the Republican presidential nomination.
Abstract: From 1960 through 1963 Barry Goldwater relied on rhetoric to build a coalition of zealous supporters who carried him to the Republican presidential nomination. The substantive themes and psychological appeals in Goldwater's extensive speaking and writing created a message of rugged individualism that was identified with important properties of four groups prominent in his coalition.
TL;DR: The mass media's capacity to create reality senes as the stimuli for rhetorical responses as discussed by the authors, and two categories of rhetorical activity are directly attributable to the influence of mass media: (1) that exacted by defects and problems in reality as it is created and shaped by media and (2) that actualed by sheer awareness on the part of the spokesmen and audiences that reality can be persuasively shaped, maintained, or altered by media.
Abstract: The mass media's capacity to create reality senes as the stimuli for rhetorical responses. Two categories of rhetorical activity are directly attributable to the influence of mass media: (1) that exacted by defects and problems in reality as it is created and shaped by media and (2) that exacted by sheer awareness on the part of the spokesmen and audiences that reality can be persuasively shaped, maintained, or altered by media. Each category of response poses special problems and dangers important to critics concerned with the functions of rhetoric and media.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors lay the groundwork for the analysis of those elements that can be referred to as the "paramessage" of a message, i.e., the elements that are needed to convey the message from the viewpoint of the receiver to the receiver.
Abstract: From the standpoint of “sender,” “receiver,” “theorist,” or “critic” the concept of the “message” must be augmented if we are to give a satisfactory account of communication. This essay is an attempt to lay the groundwork for the analysis of those elements that can be referred to as the “paramessage.”
TL;DR: The authors employ an expansionistic view of campaign rhetoric, adopt a functional perspective in analyzing specimens of campaign communication and strategy, and draw their critical standards for evaluation from the voters themselves, and apply them to the 2016 US presidential election.
Abstract: Because of conceptual and methodological limitations, studies of campaign speaking and of voting behavior have failed to confront the issues raised by the innovative communication methods of the “new politics.” To overcome these limitations, researchers should employ an expansionistic view of campaign rhetoric, adopt a functional perspective in analyzing specimens of campaign communication and strategy, and draw their critical standards for evaluation from the voters themselves.
TL;DR: The famous phrases that adorn Churchill's speeches during the climactic phase of his career, 1938-1942, are not novel coinages as discussed by the authors, but recurring ideas and locutions of his own, of which he gave polished, definitive versions at a critical juncture.
Abstract: The famous phrases that adorn Churchill's speeches during the climactic phase of his career, 1938–1942, are not novel coinages. Some he borrowed from other politicians or writers; many are recurring ideas and locutions of his own, of which he gave polished, definitive versions at a critical juncture.
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TL;DR: The New Theatre as discussed by the authors was a resident stock company that would play repertory instead of promoting stars and popular plays, and it was committed to the highest standards of literary and artistic excellence.
Abstract: The New Theatre (1909–11) remains one of American theater history's enigmas. Patterned after the great European national theaters and financed by millionaires, it was incorporated as a resident stock company that would play repertory instead of promoting stars and popular plays. Free from the pressures of commercialism, it was committed to the highest standards of literary and artistic excellence. Yet, the venture failed in two seasons. Why? The reasons were many.
TL;DR: The British Regency Crisis of 1788-89, in which Pittites and Foxites fought for office when George III went insane, saw political propagandists write eighty pamphlets for public consumption, pamphlets which illustrate inventional strategies.
Abstract: Rhetorical invention represents a significant problem for the propagandist assigned to produce public discourse during a protracted political controversy. What postures should he assume and how should he time his material? The British Regency Crisis of 1788–89, in which Pittites and Foxites fought for office when George III went insane, saw political propagandists write eighty pamphlets for public consumption, pamphlets which illustrate inventional strategies. Reportorial and argumentative stances were taken often in the early months, while judgmental (personal) and quasi‐poetic stances dominated the later portions of the dispute. Language intensity increased as the Crisis progressed.
TL;DR: Through his philosophical concern for the development of an appropriately humane scientific mode of investigating the verbal, intellectual, and affective development of man, Giambattista Vico provides various historical, philological, and rhetorical means of inquiry which lend insight into similar epistemological questions and methodological tensions apparent in humanistic and scientific approaches to the theoretical study of rhetoric as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Through his philosophical concern for the development of an appropriately humane scientific mode of investigating the verbal, intellectual, and affective development of man, as well as through his anti‐Cartesian criticism of mathematical scien‐tism, Giambattista Vico provides various historical, philological, and rhetorical means of inquiry which lend insight into similar epistemological questions and methodological tensions apparent in humanistic and scientific approaches to the theoretical study of rhetoric today.
TL;DR: This paper examined a logically consistent rationale for the derivation of the paragraph theory from sentence theory and found that it was not the first to theorize about paragraphs and may have been influenced by his predecessors.
Abstract: Alexander Bain popularized six rules for paragraph construction within his rhetorical theory. As a result, he is usually called the founder of paragraph theory. His concept of the paragraph appears to be analogically derived from sentence theory. Bain, however, was not the first to theorize about paragraphs and may have been influenced by his predecessors. Furthermore, his compositional theory in general as well as his sentence theory could have influenced his paragraph theory. An examination of his association psychology reveals a logically consistent rationale for the derivation of Bain's paragraph theory.
TL;DR: The Caretaker as mentioned in this paper is one of the most famous plays of Pinter's plays, and it contains the essential non-verbal communication between Mick and Aston that is often overlooked by critics.
Abstract: Critics commonly misinterpret Pinter's plays, particularly The Caretaker, because they concentrate on the rich dialogue and verbal acrobatics to the exclusion of much important non‐verbal communication. Davies is not a usurper who attempts to victimize Aston, nor is he equally, with Mick and Aston, a victim of a repressive “system.” Mick and Aston consciously and maliciously destroy Davies’ psyche in a gratuitously cruel game. The usually overlooked stage directions that specify the essential non‐verbal communication between Mick and Aston validate this interpretation.
TL;DR: In this article, Howell presents an eight-eenth-century history of the British legal system and the English language, including the British Logic and RHETORIC.
Abstract: EIGHTEENTH‐CENTURY BRITISH LOGIC AND RHETORIC. By Wilbur Samuel How‐ell. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1971; pp. xii+742. $20.00.
TL;DR: The meaning of well-made play is ambiguous as discussed by the authors, and it can refer to good drama whose action is causally organized; other times it specifies plays written in or after the nineteenth century.
Abstract: The meaning of well‐made play is ambiguous. Sometimes the phrase designates good drama whose action is causally organized; other times it specifies plays written in or after the nineteenth century ...
TL;DR: For almost two decades, James Baldwin has struggled earnestly to communicate to white Americans an understanding of the racial problem with which they must come to terms as discussed by the authors, and sometimes the angry black man who is Baldwin threatens “the fire next time.
Abstract: For almost two decades, James Baldwin has struggled earnestly to communicate to white Americans an understanding of the racial problem with which they must come to terms. Sometimes Baldwin the literary artist strives to provide psychological insights by probing the rawest emotions of both the black man and the white. Sometimes Baldwin the humanist and moralist pleads for brotherly love. Sometimes the angry black man who is Baldwin threatens “the fire next time.”
TL;DR: The CBC has been caught between the widely professed independence of the Corporation and the realities of the situation as mentioned in this paper, and there is ample evidence of control through political appointments, financial restraints, directives on programming, and incessant investigations.
Abstract: Public broadcasting's development in the United States should be viewed with an eye towards Canada's experience. Despite tranquil appearances, the CBC has been caught between the widely professed independence of the Corporation and the realities of the situation. There is ample evidence of control through political appointments, financial restraints, directives on programming, and incessant investigations.
TL;DR: This article found that there is a strong and evident cohesiveness within the totality of each of the four English mystery cycles, and that the unified and hierarchical pattern of medieval life contributed to this cohesion.
Abstract: Although most of the work of theatre and drama historians does not reflect it, there is a strong and evident cohesiveness within the totality of each of the four English mystery cycles. The unified and hierarchical pattern of medieval life contributed to this cohesiveness. Three factors present in all four cycles help to reveal them as unified works of significance and stature.
TL;DR: The concluding scenes of O'Casey's play epitomize the central dialectic between actuality and illusion as mentioned in this paper, and the scenic juxtaposition emphasizes Juno's creative acceptance of life and the paycock's...
Abstract: The concluding scenes of Sean O'Casey's play epitomize the central dialectic between actuality and illusion. The scenic juxtaposition emphasizes Juno's creative acceptance of life and the paycock's...
TL;DR: The speech of Abba Hillel Silver was a rhetorical milestone in the efforts of American Zionism to consolidate Jewish opinion behind political efforts aimed at establishing a Jewish state as discussed by the authors. But it was also controversial.
Abstract: Abba Hillel Silver's address on August 30, 1943 was a rhetorical milestone in the efforts of American Zionism to consolidate Jewish opinion behind political efforts aimed at establishing a Jewish s...