Showing papers in "Quarterly Journal of Speech in 1980"
TL;DR: In this article, it is suggested that a description of political consciousness can be constructed from the structures of meaning exhibited by a society's vocabulary of "ideographs" (i.e., symbols).
Abstract: This essay attempts to describe political consciousness in collectivities. Symbolist thought, focused on the idea of “myth,” seems linked with material thought, focused on the concept of “ideology.” It is suggested that a description of political consciousness can be constructed from the structures of meaning exhibited by a society's vocabulary of “ideographs.”
793 citations
TL;DR: Conversational argument is characterized as sequential expansion of adjacency pairs aimed at regulating disagreement as mentioned in this paper, and the preconditions and embedded propositons of the speech act performed in the arguable turn define the sorts of expansions recognizable as arguments.
Abstract: Conversational argument is characterized as sequential expansion of adjacency pairs aimed at regulating disagreement. The preconditions and embedded propositons of the speech act performed in the arguable turn define the sorts of expansions recognizable as arguments. General properties of adjacency pairs explain the prevalence of enthymemes in conversation.
288 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of strategic, political silence is proposed, which is illustrated in a criticism of President Jimmy Carter's silence from 5 July to 15 July 1979, from the perspective of secrecy, uncertainty, passivity and relinquishment.
Abstract: This essay outlines a theory of strategic, political silence. That sort of silence directs public attribution of predictable meanings towards political leaders who unexpectedly refuse to speak in public. Those meanings are mystery, uncertainty, passivity, and relinquishment. The theory is illustrated in a criticism of President Carter's silence from 5 July to 15 July 1979.
89 citations
TL;DR: Stanton's "The Solitude of Self" as discussed by the authors is analyzed as a philosophical statement of the principles underlying the nineteenth century struggle for woman's rights in the United States, and its rhetorical power remains undiminished because of its lyric structure and tone and its tragic, existential rationale for feminism.
Abstract: Stanton's “The Solitude of Self” is analyzed as a philosophical statement of the principles underlying the nineteenth century struggle for woman's rights in the United States. Its rhetorical power remains undiminished because of its lyric structure and tone and its tragic, existential rationale for feminism.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two kinds of talk seem especially useful to increasing consensus: remedial talk, which uses rules to correct past problems, and legislative talk to propose guides for future conduct.
Abstract: Communicators achieve increased rule consensus as they use talk to overcome problems. Two kinds of talk seem especially useful to increasing consensus: remedial talk, which uses rules to correct past problems; and legislative talk, which uses rules to propose guides for future conduct.
35 citations
TL;DR: This article investigated the effects of achievement incentive on comprehension of time-compressed speech and found that increased presentation rate did not significantly attenuate comprehension in the incentive treatments, however, accelerated speech produced a corresponding reduction in recall in the control groups.
Abstract: The present study investigated the effects of achievement incentive on the comprehension of time‐compressed speech. Results indicated significant differences for motivation and for rate. Increased presentation rate did not significantly attenuate comprehension in the incentive treatments. However, accelerated speech produced a corresponding reduction in recall in the control groups.
34 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that dissecting the metaphoric lexicon of a single rhetor can be critically productive, arguing that the metaphors employed by Pope Paul VI, during his fifteen year reign, and Governor Edmund G. Brown, Jr., during his run for the presidency in 1976, illustrate these rhetors' projected relationships with their audiences and corroborate otherwise inconclusive rhetorical cues.
Abstract: The metaphors employed by Pope Paul VI, during his fifteen year reign, and Governor Edmund G. Brown, Jr., during his run for the presidency in 1976, illustrate these rhetors’ projected relationships with their audiences and corroborate otherwise inconclusive rhetorical cues. The essay argues that dissecting the metaphoric lexicon of a single rhetor can be critically productive.
31 citations
TL;DR: The authors argued that the rhetorical force of "The Deer Hunter" is explained by men's participation in rituals, such as deer hunting, which affect the patterns of psychological change they experience during and after war.
Abstract: Using a Psychological/Ritual Model of criticism, the essay argues that the rhetorical force of “The Deer Hunter” is explained by men's participation in rituals, such as deer hunting, which affect the patterns of psychological change they experience during and after war. These changes affect the future regeneration of the society.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline Peirce's program of speculative rhetoric, understood as the means for rendering signs effective, and examine the philosophy of signification in which it is rooted.
Abstract: A philosopher and scientist of enormous scope, Charles Sanders Peirce created a semiotic framework to accommodate science, art, and practical persuasion. This essay outlines Peirce's program of Speculative Rhetoric, understood as the means for “rendering signs effective,” and examines the philosophy of signification in which it is rooted.
29 citations
TL;DR: The authors explores the nature of rhetorical fiction, compares it with poetic and dialectical fictions, relates the concept to cognate terms, and explores the Presidency as an example of how social political roles are constituted as rhetorical fictions.
Abstract: This essay explores the nature of rhetorical fiction, compares it with poetic and dialectical fictions, relates the concept to cognate terms, and explores the Presidency as an example of how social‐political roles are constituted as rhetorical fictions.
26 citations
TL;DR: The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) members sang extensively in their union meetings and demonstrations from 1906 to 1917 as discussed by the authors, and they contributed significantly to the formation of the IWW's image.
Abstract: The Industrial Workers of the World members sang extensively in their union meetings and demonstrations from 1906 to 1917. This investigation of the lyrics and uses of the songs examines their rhetorical importance and suggests that they contributed significantly to the formation of the IWW's image.
TL;DR: This paper examined social scientists' descriptions of same-sex relationships as persuasive messages and found that two major recurring, but paradoxical, fantasies permeate the rhetoric of social scientists: (1) the "homosexual" as degenerate, and (2) "mainstrearning the 'homosexual'".
Abstract: Social scientists’ descriptions of same‐sex relationships are examined as persuasive messages. Two major recurring, but paradoxical, fantasies permeate the rhetoric of social scientists: (1) the “ ‘homosexual’ as degenerate,” and (2) “mainstrearning the ‘homosexual.’” The word gay and its referents are proposed as a substitute research base.
TL;DR: The authors provides a synoptic history of the relation between wisdom and eloquence as a perennial problem in the history of rhetorical theory and pedagogy, and the need for rhetorical invention as a step toward unification of wisdom and poetry is explained.
Abstract: This essay provides a synoptic history of the relation between wisdom and eloquence as a perennial problem in the history of rhetorical theory and pedagogy. The need for rhetorical invention as a step toward unification of wisdom and eloquence is explained, and promising directions for inventional research are reviewed.
TL;DR: A phenomenology of anxiety elucidates this ontological difference and clarifies how anxiety and fear are experienced in communication situations as discussed by the authors, which has led researchers to misinterpret what they are measuring when investigating the effects that these phenomena have on communicative ability.
Abstract: Not realizing the ontological difference between anxiety and fear has led researchers to misinterpret what they are “measuring” when investigating the effects that these phenomena have on communicative ability. A phenomenology of anxiety elucidates this ontological difference and clarifies how anxiety and fear are experienced in communication situations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the union of subjective and objective experiences of change in ceremonials is considered as an evaluative criterion for symbolic change, and the authors explore their complex nature by defining, illustrating, and positing as an evaluation criterion.
Abstract: Rhetorical rituals so combine pragmatic and aesthetic uses of symbols that they are neither strictly instrumental nor simply diverting exercises. This essay explores their complex nature by defining, illustrating, and positing as an evaluative criterion the union of subjective and objective experiences of change in ceremonials.
TL;DR: In this article, an exploration of Burke's use of the term "substance" leads to an illumination of his critical theory and practice, which is manifest in three behaviors: naming, forming, and structuring.
Abstract: An exploration of Burke's use of the term “substance” leads to an illumination of his critical theory and practice. Substance as consciousness achieved through verbalization is manifest in three behaviors: naming, forming, and structuring.
TL;DR: For example, before July of 1935, pamphlets of the American Communist Party demanded the overthrow of capitalism in dogmatic and distorted language, and they were not adapted well to the non-communist public.
Abstract: Before July of 1935, pamphlets of the American Communist Party demanded the overthrow of capitalism in dogmatic and distorted language. Consequently, they were not adapted well to the non‐communist public. Pamphlets published after July of 1935 attempted to overcome negative impressions of communism, but they were largely unsuccessful.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the development and testing of a new facial meaning sensitivity test, which identifies the highly specialized kinds of meanings that can be decoded from facial expressions and provides decoding norms to assess the decoding performance of individuals and groups.
Abstract: This study describes the development and testing of a new facial meaning sensitivity test. Repeated application of this test has identified the highly specialized kinds of meanings that can be decoded from facial expressions and has provided decoding norms that can be used to assess the decoding performance of individuals and groups.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the implications of alternative responses to racist, sexist, and class-based "ist" accusations and show that the self-reflexively paradoxical structure of such claims precludes refutation, but response is possible.
Abstract: An “. . . ist” accusation indicts an individual as a racist, sexist, or other “. . . ist” whose thoughts and/or acts discriminate on the basis of class membership. The self‐reflexively paradoxical structure of “. . . ist” accusations precludes refutation, but response is possible. Pragmatic and moral implications of alternative responses to “. . . ist” accusations are evaluated.
TL;DR: The example is an important part of Aristotle's inventional theory, for everyone who persuades through proof uses either enthymemes or examples: there is no other way as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The example is an important part of Aristotle's inventional theory, for everyone who persuades through proof uses “either enthymemes or examples: there is no other way” (Rhetoric, 1356b5–7). This essay rejects claims that the example reasons from part to part, without a mediating generalization, and then explicates Aristotle's view of the example.
TL;DR: This paper reviewed ECRITS, A SELECTION. By Jacques Lacan. Trans. by Alan Sheridan. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1978; pp. xiv+338.
Abstract: Books reviewed ECRITS, A SELECTION. By Jacques Lacan. Trans. by Alan Sheridan. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1977; pp. xiv+338. $16.75. THE FOUR FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF PSYCHO‐ANALYSIS. By Jacques Lacan. Edited by Jacques‐Alain Miller. Trans. by Alan Sheridan. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1978; pp. xi+290. $18.95.
TL;DR: This article showed that the substance and form of verbal reactions to discourse may reflect the degree of audience internalization, and concluded that language in use assists the critic in determining whether changes in thinking and behavior are occasioned by words or actions, or a combination of both.
Abstract: This essay treats “language‐in‐use” as an index of rhetorical efficacy, suggesting that the substance and form of verbal reactions to discourse may reflect the degree of audience internalization. It is concluded that language‐in‐use assists the critic in determining whether changes in thinking and behavior are occasioned by words or actions—or a combination of both.
TL;DR: This article reviewed RHETORICAL CRITICISM: ESSAYS IN HONOR OF JAMES MUILENBURG, by AmOS Niven Wilder, edited by Jared J. Jackson and Martin Kessler.
Abstract: Books reviewed RHETORICAL CRITICISM: ESSAYS IN HONOR OF JAMES MUILENBURG. Edited by Jared J. Jackson and Martin Kessler. Pittsburgh Theological Monograph Series I. Pittsburgh: Pickwick Press, 1974; pp. xviii+ 287. $7.95. EARLY CHRISTIAN RHETORIC: THE LANGUAGE OF THE GOSPELS. By Amos Niven Wilder. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1971; pp. xxx+135. $6.50. THE NEW VOICE: RELIGION, LITERATURE, HERMENEUTICS. By Amos Niven Wilder. New York: Herder and Herder, 1969; pp. 269. $6.50. THEOPOETIC: THEOLOGY AND THE RELIGIOUS IMAGINATION. By Amos Niven Wilder. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976; pp. vi+ 106. $5.95. THE POETICS OF FAITH: ESSAYS OFFERED TO AMOS NIVEN WILDER. Edited by William A. Beardslee. Semeia, 12–13. Missoula, Mt.: Scholars, 1978; Vol. 12 pp. vi+277; Vol. 13 pp. vii+287. $6.00 ea. LANGUAGE, HERMENEUTIC, AND WORD OF GOD: THE PROBLEM OF LANGUAGE IN THE NEW TESTAMENT AND CONTEMPORARY THEOLOGY. By Robert W. Funk. New York: Harper & Row, 1966; pp. xvi+317. $7.50. THE PARABLES: THEIR LITERARY AND EXISTENTIAL DI...
TL;DR: The authors investigates how to deal with the performance of metafiction and suggests ways for the interpreter to cope with the metafictions performance in the context of point-of-view.
Abstract: Contemporary fiction, or, rather, metafiction, emphasizes a new relationship between subject and reader that challenges traditional practice of point of view in fiction. This article investigates that challenge and suggests ways for the interpreter to deal with the performance of metafiction.
TL;DR: The authors report an analysis of reporters' efforts to sustain both a "presidential" and "press" definition of the presidential press conference by balancing deference for the President with critical confrontation.
Abstract: Participants frequently must sustain counterpoised definitions of the situation in which they participate. This study reports an analysis of reporters’ efforts to sustain both a “presidential” and “press” definition of the presidential press conference by balancing deference for the President with critical confrontation.
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental analysis of the effectiveness and believability of male and female newscasters among children showed that newscaster sex did not affect the ratings of children.
Abstract: An experimental analysis of the effectiveness and believability of male and female newscasters among children shows that newscaster sex did not affect believability ratings. Girls, however, learned more from a male than from a female newscaster. Newscaster sex did not affect retention of the newscast by boys.
TL;DR: This paper reviewed LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION and SPEECH ACTS: An InTRODUCTION to DISCOURSE ANALYSIS, This paper, with a discussion of strategies in social interaction.
Abstract: Books reviewed LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION AND SPEECH ACTS. By Kent Bach and Robert M. Harnish. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1979; pp. xvii+327. $19.95. QUESTIONING STRATEGIES IN SOCIO‐LINGUISTICS. By Lindsey Churchill. Rowley, Ma.: Newbury House Publishers, 1978; pp. xi+161. Paper $6.95. AN INTRODUCTION TO DISCOURSE ANALYSIS. By Malcolm Coulthard. London: Longman Group Ltd., 1977; pp. xv+195. Paper $7.95. CHILD DISCOURSE. Edited by Susan Ervin‐Tripp and Claudia Mitchell‐Kernan. New York: Academic Press, 1977; pp. xii+266. $11.50. QUESTIONS AND POLITENESS: STRATEGIES IN SOCIAL INTERACTION. Edited by Esther N. Goody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978; pp. viii+324. $22.00; paper $8.95. THERAPEUTIC DISCOURSE: PSYCHOTHERAPY AS CONVERSATION. By William Labov and David Fanshel. New York: Academic Press, 1977; pp. x+392. $17.75. STUDIES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF CONVERSATIONAL INTERACTION. Edited by Jim Schenkein. New York: Academic Press, 1978; pp. xvi+275. $19.00.
TL;DR: Muller's treatise as discussed by the authors represents a marked turning point in continental theories of discourse and contains many important notions popular in contemporary rhetorical doctrine, such as dialogical, dynamic, and organic nature of the communication process.
Abstract: Muller's treatise represents a marked turning point in continental theories of discourse and contains many important notions popular in contemporary rhetorical doctrine. In his sociological rhetoric, Muller stressed the dialogical, dynamic, and organic nature of the communication process and elaborated on notions similar to current concepts of identification and the rhetorical situation.
TL;DR: The most important rhetorician between Quintilian and Fronto, Pliny the Younger helped to perpetuate the classicism of his teacher, Quintilian as mentioned in this paper, and his ideas on rhetoric, expressed in his Letters, show the influence of the Modernist controversy, the oratory of his own times, and his own individuality.
Abstract: The most important rhetorician between Quintilian and Fronto, Pliny the Younger helped to perpetuate the classicism of his teacher, Quintilian. Nevertheless, Pliny's ideas on rhetoric, as expressed in his Letters, show the influence of the Modernist controversy, the oratory of his own times, and his own individuality.