Showing papers in "Quarterly Journal of Speech in 1983"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that scholars of rhetoric and communication broaden their conception and application of Kenneth Burke's "rhetoric of identification" and offer the individual-organization relationship as an exemplar for understanding and examining the rhetoric of identification.
Abstract: This essay argues that scholars of rhetoric and communication broaden their conception and application of Kenneth Burke's “rhetoric of identification.” The first part of the essay offers the individual‐organization relationship as an exemplar for understanding and examining the rhetoric of identification. The second section derives a tentative typology of identification strategies and tactics and applies it in a critical assessment of corporate house organs. The essay concludes with an interpretive explication of the process of identification in contemporary business organizations.
653 citations
TL;DR: This article argued that media pervade all dimensions of human communication and must be considered in all research and examined the category of mediated interpersonal communication and suggested that it be added to the communication typology.
Abstract: Traditional conceptualizations of communication have excluded media or relegated them to a minor role as components of channel. Furthermore, the exclusive identification of media with “mass communication” has restricted understanding of the symbiotic relationship of media and interpersonal communication. This essay argues that media pervade all dimensions of human communication and must be considered in all research. It examines the category “mediated interpersonal communication” and suggests that it be added to the communication typology.
101 citations
TL;DR: The authors argued that Red Power rhetoric is not addressed primarily to whites, and suggested that this rhetoric is a case of consummatory self-address in which a Native American Weltanschauung enables the movement successfully to enact its goals.
Abstract: Most observers of the American Indian Movement and allied groups have criticized the movement for alienating white audiences. This essay argues that Red Power rhetoric is not addressed primarily to whites, and suggests that this rhetoric is a case of consummatory self‐address in which a Native American Weltanschauung enables the movement successfully to enact its goals.
74 citations
TL;DR: The authors used rhetorical ascription to unite the lyrical and musical features of song in an analysis of Bob Dylan's gospel performances, and found that the musical features were more important than the lyrics.
Abstract: The corpus of Bob Dylan's work poses interesting theoretical questions for rhetorical critics. Critical studies in the rhetoric of song have neglected to examine the suasory potentiality of the musical elements of songs, having dealt almost exclusively with lyrical content. This study utilizes rhetorical ascription to unite the lyrical and the musical features of song in an analysis of Bob Dylan's gospel performances.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an obscene rhetorical event known in Black communities as "playing the dozens" is examined to illustrate how folklore functions as a social regulator, and how folklore contributes to social order by controlling and directing human behavior.
Abstract: Folkloric speech acts contribute to social order by controlling and directing human behavior. To illustrate how folklore functions as a social regulator, an obscene rhetorical event, known in Black communities as “Playing the Dozens,” is examined.
46 citations
TL;DR: The authors proposed a bounded network theory of language which accounts for both structural and material components of language, allowing the description of the interaction of rhetoric, objective truths, and objective reality, and allowing a re-cognition of the role of consensus in truth-seeking.
Abstract: A rapprochement between the opposing extremes of the argument over the epistemological functions of rhetoric can be achieved through a theory which suggests that objective reality “exists,” constrains rhetoric, but does not entail objective truths. A bounded network theory of language which accounts for both structural and material components of language provides the basis for such a rapprochement, allows the description of the interaction of rhetoric, objective truths, and objective reality, and allows a re‐cognition of the role of consensus in truth‐seeking.
45 citations
TL;DR: The authors analyzes parables to explore the rhetorical significance of narration as a form of discourse and as an act of relational communication, which has important implications for the development of rhetorical theory.
Abstract: Speakers in many religious traditions have often told parables to arouse listeners to confront their own thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and actions. Because these stories serve both therapeutic and epistemic functions, their study has important implications for the development of rhetorical theory. This essay analyzes parables to explore the rhetorical significance of narration as a form of discourse and as an act of relational communication.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the six debates during the 1980 Republican primary and argue that Ronald Reagan was transformed from actor to scene via two strategies: (1)featuring in verbal and visual "frames", and (2) thematic envelopment of the other candidates.
Abstract: Using a Burkeian perspective, the authors focus on the six debates during the 1980 Republican primary and argue that Ronald Reagan was transformed from actor to scene via two strategies: (1) “featuring” in verbal and visual “frames,” and (2) “thematic envelopment” of the other candidates. By “creative circumferencing,” Reagan extended the scene of the debates to include the whole sweep of American history and encouraged his audiences to equate his election with the election of the American Dream.
32 citations
TL;DR: The long history of the Christian prophetic vision shows that the vision's popularity has fluctuated markedly and that its ideological content has been modified frequently as discussed by the authors, which explains the distinct persuasive appeal which accounts for the prophet's fluctuating popularity.
Abstract: The long history of the Christian prophetic vision shows that the vision's popularity has fluctuated markedly and that its ideological content has been modified frequently. This essay seeks to explain the distinct persuasive appeal which accounts for the vision's fluctuating popularity and to identify the ways in which the vision, when modified to meet extant rhetorical situations, functions rhetorically.
31 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated preschoolers' use of verbal compliance-gaining strategies in naturally occurring conflicts with peers and found that the older the child, the more complex and adaptive compliance gaining became.
Abstract: The present study investigated preschoolers' use of verbal compliance‐gaining strategies in naturally occurring conflicts with peers. It was found that the older the child, the more complex and adaptive compliance‐gaining became. The growing adaptiveness of their compliance‐gaining strategies reflected their awareness of their opponent's need for information, and their awareness of the communicative demands of conflict situations. With increasing age, children's conflict episodes also became more complex. Conflicts among twos were brief episodes in which physical force and nonword vocal signals predominated. By five, children's conflict episodes consisted of sustained discourse focusing on a triggering event and several side issues. Coalitions developed during disputes and children collaborated in pursuing common aims.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the Four Freedoms of Rockwell's paintings, the “Four Freedoms,” within the context of Franklin Roosevelt's campaign to educate Americans about the necessity of participation in WWII.
Abstract: This analysis focuses upon Norman Rockwell's paintings, the “Four Freedoms,” within the context of Franklin Roosevelt's campaign to educate Americans about the necessity of participation in WWII. The epideictic icons in Rockwell's paintings promoted identifications that constitute the tenets of a conjoined religious and political perspective, and that idealized perspective served a deliberative function in Roosevelt's campaign.
TL;DR: The authors examines the rhetoric of the Moral Majority and argues that its appeal is a function of its romantic form, and suggests that romantic rhetoric invites auditors to participate in an idyllic world of simplified moral constructs, providing them with an opportunity to simultaneously elevate themselves above the morally imperfect world which surrounds them and remain an active part of that world, and establishes criteria for evaluating claims of truth and falsity which transcend concepts of empirical verifiability.
Abstract: This essay examines the rhetoric of the Moral Majority, Inc., arguing that its appeal is a function of its romantic form. It suggests that romantic rhetoric invites auditors to participate in an idyllic world of simplified moral constructs, provides them with an opportunity to simultaneously elevate themselves above the morally imperfect world which surrounds them and remain an active part of that world, and establishes criteria for evaluating claims of truth and falsity which transcend concepts of empirical verifiability.
TL;DR: The authors analyzes the atomic attacks from a rhetorical purview, arguing that they were launched in large measure because of an American commitment to a particular rhetoric, the "rhetoric of unconditional surrender".
Abstract: Since 1945, scholars have become more critical in their assessment of the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This essay analyzes the atomic attacks from a rhetorical purview, arguing that they were launched in large measure because of an American commitment to a particular rhetoric—the “rhetoric of unconditional surrender.” First articulated by President Roosevelt at the Casablanca Conference in 1943, the slogan metamorphosized by 1945 into a political shibboleth which operated to constrain policy makers. By August, 1945 the doctrine's calcifying effect on American decision‐making precluded an earlier end to hostilities in the Pacific and resulted in atomic devastation for the two Japanese cities.
TL;DR: The concept of IDEOLOGY as mentioned in this paper was introduced by Alvin W. Gouldner and Colin Sumner and has been studied extensively in the last few decades, including by Giddens et al. The IDEOLOGY of Power and the Power of Ideas.
Abstract: THE CONCEPT OF IDEOLOGY. By Jorge Larrain. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1979; pp. 251. $18.00. READING IDEOLOGIES. By Colin Sumner. New York: Academic Press, 1979; pp. 303. Paper $12.00. THE DIALECTIC OF IDEOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY. By Alvin W. Gouldner. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976; pp. 304. Paper $7.95. THE FUTURE OF INTELLECTUALS AND THE RISE OF THE NEW CLASS. By Alvin W. Gouldner. New York: Seabury Press, 1979; pp. 121. Paper $4.95. THE TWO MARXISMS. By Alvin W. Gouldner. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980; pp. 397. Paper $9.95. THE IDEOLOGY OF POWER AND THE POWER OF IDEOLOGY. By Goran Therborn. London: NLB, 1980; pp. 133. Paper $5.50. POLITICS AND IDEOLOGY IN MARXIST THEORY. By Ernesto Laclau. London: Verso Edition, 1979; pp. 198. Paper $5.75. CENTRAL PROBLEMS IN SOCIAL THEORY. By Anthony Giddens. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979; pp. 294. Paper $9.95.
TL;DR: This paper analyzed the argumentative resources of political faith healing in the speech "On Our Economic Recovery" and found that faith healers can take credit for successful acts of healing and blame for failures of policy in the failed faith of the populace.
Abstract: This essay analyzes President Ronald Reagan's speech “On Our Economic Recovery” as a means of exploring the argumentative resources of political faith healing. By exploiting the illocutionary ambiguity of “shall” and “must,” the faith healer as rhetor permits a state of healing to be seen as either prediction or command. By strategic identification and division, faith healers—both mystical and political—can take credit for successful acts of healing. In contrast, when healing does not occur, strategies such as those used in the Reagan speech can locate responsibility for failures of policy in the failed faith of the populace.
TL;DR: The different ways in which analogy is used in political oratory, scholarly argument and scientific reports reflect distinctions in the kinds of intersubjective agreement sought and achieved by these three forms of discourse as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The different ways in which analogy is used in political oratory, scholarly argument and scientific reports reflects distinctions in the kinds of intersubjective agreement sought and achieved by these three forms of discourse. Each form has a character and a “truth “ of its own. Nevertheless these “truths” are not all of equal status; they exist in a hierarchy of reliability, a hierarchy in which scientific truth is uppermost.
TL;DR: Pitchfork Ben Tillman as mentioned in this paper was the forerunner of southern demagoguery. Responding to the South's awakening democracy and the agrarian unrest which accompanied it, Tillman devised strategies of mass appe...
Abstract: Pitchfork Ben Tillman was the forerunner of southern demagoguery. Responding to the South's awakening democracy and the agrarian unrest which accompanied it, Tillman devised strategies of mass appe...
TL;DR: The authors argue that self-report measures and transcriptions of conversations are ineffective means of gathering data about self-disclosure, and they claim that soliloquies of Shakespeare's Richard III in 3 Henry VI and Richard III as examples of selfdisclosure.
Abstract: The authors argue that self‐report measures and transcriptions of conversations are ineffective means of gathering data about self‐disclosure. Influenced by Kenneth Burke and Hugh Duncan, they claim that soliloquies of Shakespeare's Richard III in 3 Henry VI and Richard III as examples of self‐disclosure.
TL;DR: In this paper, a distinction between the functions of analogy in discourse and analogic discourse is made, based on the inventive and performative features of communication exchanges between or among persons who contribute to an analogic experience.
Abstract: This essay proposes a distinction between the functions of analogy in discourse and analogic discourse. This distinction is based on the inventive and performative features of communication exchanges between or among persons who contribute to an analogic experience. An examination of a transcript of talk is used to describe how criticism can be accomplished systematically on an analogic discourse which provides clues to how meanings and intentions arise through and in the production of talk.
TL;DR: For seventeenth-century Quakers, metaphor transcended its traditional function as ornament and became the conceptual underpinning of discourse as discussed by the authors, and metaphors were used in Quaker sermons.
Abstract: For seventeenth‐century Quakers, metaphor transcended its traditional function as ornament and became the conceptual underpinning of discourse. This essay focuses on how metaphors were used in Quaker sermons. The first part of the essay describes, illustrates, and analyzes five key metaphor clusters found in Quaker sermons: (1) the Light/Dark cluster; (2) the Voice cluster; (3) the Seed cluster; (4) the Hunger/Thirst cluster; (5) the Pilgrimage cluster. The second part of the essay argues that the metaphors functioned in three ways: (1) as means of summarizing a world that made psychological and theological sense to speakers and hearers; (2) as means of elaborating the implications of Quaker beliefs; (3) as inventional tools readily adapted to the impromptu mode of delivery.
TL;DR: A questionnaire was administered to a non-probability sample of 289 persons immediately after the shooting of President Reagan as discussed by the authors, and over three-fourths were aware of the event.
Abstract: A questionnaire was administered to a non‐probability sample of 289 persons immediately after the shooting of President Reagan. Interpersonal communication was the primary means of receiving the news about the attempted assassination. Of those interviewed within 2½ hours of the shooting, over three‐fourths were aware of the event. The respondants' daily routine affected their first source of the news, and demographic characteristics were often unrelated to communicative behaviors subsequent to hearing the news and to reactions to the news. The consistency of the findings with studies using similar methodology suggests the need for a more detailed analysis of methodological issues.
TL;DR: A complex communication mosaic contributed to Americans' impelling motives to be successful as discussed by the authors, and some particularly credible "bits" of information in that mosaic came at crucial times from several twentieth-century historians whose "literature of actuality" reinforced our faith in ways of achievement practiced earlier on the frontier and by our founding fathers.
Abstract: A complex communication mosaic contributed to Americans' impelling motives to be successful. Some particularly credible “bits” of information in that mosaic came at crucial times from several twentieth‐century historians whose “literature of actuality” reinforced our faith in ways of achievement practiced earlier on the frontier and by our founding fathers. As they provided guidance to corroborate what was read and heard in popular culture, those historians are among America's most subtle but influential opinion leaders.
TL;DR: In the second (1965) edition, the translation was edited by Garrett Barden and John Cumming as discussed by the authors from the second edition NOVANTIQUA: RHETORICS AS A CONTEMPORARY THEORY By Paolo Velesio Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980; pp 336 $2250 The POLITICAL UNCONSCIOUS; NARRATIVE as a SOCIALLY SYMBOLIC ACT By Fredric Jameson Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1981; pp 320 $2450
Abstract: TRUTH AND METHOD By Hans Georg Gadamer New York: Seabury Press, 1975; pp 576 $2450 Originally published as WAHRHEIT UND METHODE, by JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck) Tubingen, 1960 The translation was edited by Garrett Barden and John Cumming from the second (1965) edition NOVANTIQUA: RHETORICS AS A CONTEMPORARY THEORY By Paolo Velesio Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980; pp 336 $2250 THE POLITICAL UNCONSCIOUS; NARRATIVE AS A SOCIALLY SYMBOLIC ACT By Fredric Jameson Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981; pp 320 $2450
TL;DR: For example, Hunt's speech at Spa Fields in 1816 illustrates radical efforts both to intimidate their rulers and to restructure the images of themselves held by the lower classes.
Abstract: Whig reformers, while advocating parliamentary reform, perpetuated the class‐based image of the lower orders as distinctly inferior to the governing classes. This made it imperative for radical reformers to enlarge their rhetorical scope, to address the issue of lower‐class self perception as well as the apparent issue of political reform. “Orator” Hunt's speech at Spa Fields in 1816 illustrates radical efforts both to intimidate their rulers and to restructure the images of themselves held by the lower classes. Radical strategy incorporated comparison and contrast and villification of authority to a large degree, and may be seen as an attempt to create social reality rather than as mere “demagogery. “
TL;DR: This article developed an "Inferential model" of rhetorical criticism which integrates procedures from qualitative methodology with more traditional perspectives from communication and rhetoric, allowing the critic to generate an interpretive evaluation of discourses which incorporates insights from both critic and audience.
Abstract: This essay develops an “Inferential Model” of rhetorical criticism which integrates procedures from qualitative methodology with more traditional perspectives from communication and rhetoric. The method allows the critic to generate an interpretive evaluation of discourses which incorporates insights from both critic and audience. Given the overall method, “The Empire Strikes Back” is examined in terms of the responses of children. Finally, the essay suggests how the method can overcome some problems related to audience‐centered criticism as well as bridge the gap between critic and public.
TL;DR: The Filosofia de la eloquencia (1777) as mentioned in this paper is the Spanish rhetorical treatise in which the epistemology of the Enlightenment is most clearly revealed, in which Capmany posits an explicit theory of human nature which in turn dictates the nature of his theory of rhetoric.
Abstract: Antonio de Capmany's Filosofia de la eloquencia (1777) is the Spanish rhetorical treatise in which the epistemology of the Enlightenment is most clearly revealed. In this work Capmany posits an explicit theory of human nature which in turn dictates the nature of his theory of rhetoric. As a result of his philosophical analysis Capmany must assign to rhetoric a function which is essentially expressive.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine two interdependent speeches, the remerciement and the reponse delivered by an inductee into the Academie Francaise and by the acting director.
Abstract: This essay examines two interdependent speeches, the remerciement and the reponse delivered by an inductee into the Academie Francaise and by the acting director. The inductee eulogizes the deceased member whose seat he/she will occupy and the acting director welcomes the new member and fills the empty seat through rhetoric of rebirth with the inductee. Taken together, the remerciement and the reponse constitute an extended eulogistic form which preserves the Academie by rehearsing its values and embodying those values in both speeches.
TL;DR: The breaking of the vessels as discussed by the authors is a classic example of a metaphor for the concept of reinterpretation. But it is not a metaphor of poetry and poetry is not poetry.
Abstract: THE ANXIETY OF INFLUENCE. By Harold Bloom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973; pp. 165. $4.95 paper. A MAP OF MISREADING. By Harold Bloom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975; pp. 206. $4.95 paper. POETRY AND REPRESSION. By Harold Bloom. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1976; pp. 293. $6.95 paper. AGON: TOWARDS A THEORY OF REVISIONISM. By Harold Bloom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982; pp. 336. $19.95. THE BREAKING OF THE VESSELS. By Harold Bloom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982; pp. 103. $10.00
TL;DR: The biographies of New York Mayor and Congressman Fiorello H. La Guardia are rhetorical acts that affirm LaGuardia as an American hero by establishing and vitalizing his image as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Biographies of New York Mayor and Congressman Fiorello H. La Guardia are rhetorical acts that affirm La Guardia as an American hero by establishing and vitalizing his image. The biographies differ to a great extent depending on whether a biographer had a professional affiliation with La Guardia. Writers not affiliated with him use documented sources, direct quotations, and personal observations, and emphasize the themes of the Puritan Ethic and Progress/Competitiveness. Those associated with La Guardia exhibit highly general, idealistic portrayals and dramatize La Guardia's image with the more mythic themes of success, equality of opportunity, morality, and pragmatic humanitarianism.