Showing papers in "Quarterly Journal of Speech in 1984"
TL;DR: In this paper, a conception of genre based on conventionalized social motives which are found in recurrent situation-types is proposed, and the thesis is that genre must be conceived in terms of rhetorical action rather than substance or form.
Abstract: This essay proposes a conception of genre based on conventionalized social motives which are found in recurrent situation‐types. The thesis is that genre must be conceived in terms of rhetorical action rather than substance or form.
2,796 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the themes used by married couples, dating couples, relatives, live-in friends, and non-live-in friend to interpret their current relational episodes, and found that dating couples used themes of commitment, fragility, and manipulation, while marital couples, family members, and live-insignificant others used themes such as involvement, work, and respect.
Abstract: This study explored the themes used by married couples, dating couples, relatives, live‐in friends, and non‐live‐in friends to interpret their current relational episodes. One hundred eighteen people participated in fifty‐five report tasks. Among the findings were that dating couples used themes of commitment, fragility, and manipulation, while marital couples, relatives, and live‐in friends used themes of involvement, work, and respect.
1,129 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the use of argumentative forms in the rhetoric of American foreign policy and the ideological context in which this ground is defined and made to appear natural, and examines their use in a variety of interventions, incursions, and wars since then.
Abstract: The rhetoric of American foreign policy contains commonplaces which both justify and obscure policy An adequate critical response to such discourse requires an understanding of two prevailing argumentative forms The arguments are examined in relation to Vietnam, but their use in a variety of interventions, incursions, and wars since then makes them more than an historical curiosity This essay seeks the ground of foreign policy rhetoric as well as the ideological context wherein this ground is defined and made to appear natural
121 citations
TL;DR: A close examination of the meanings of the word "enthymeme" in Ancient and Byzantine rhetoric shows that the term was far from unambiguous as discussed by the authors, and a survey of its various meanings provides some clues as to how rhetorical theory, as it was and as it is today, might be cast in a different light.
Abstract: A close examination of the meanings of “enthymeme” in Ancient and Byzantine rhetoric shows that the term was far from unambiguous. A survey of its various meanings provides some clues as to how rhetorical theory, as it was and as it is today, might be cast in a different light.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a multidimensional scaling of similarity judgments of forty-six deception-related terms identified a number of aspects underlying the construct, including evaluation, detectability, and premeditation.
Abstract: This essay argues for an enlarged conceptualization of deception. A multidimensional scaling of similarity judgments of forty‐six deception‐related terms identified a number of aspects underlying the construct. They included evaluation, detectability, and premeditation. The elicited terms were subjected to a hierarchical cluster analysis, which revealed six families of deception: fictions, playings, lies, crimes, masks, and unlies. Implications of these results were explored.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Perelman explains "certain errors" in The New Rhetoric and critically responds to several writers who have used his ideas in this country, including Ray D. Dearin.
Abstract: In this essay, Professor Perelman explains “certain errors” in The New Rhetoric and critically responds to several writers who have used his ideas in this country. Trans. by Professor Ray D. Dearin.
72 citations
TL;DR: The first national dispute between conservationists and preservationists occurred between 1901 and 1913 over the building of the Hetch Hetchy dam in Yosemite Park as discussed by the authors, which revealed the character of the opponents' arguments and demonstrated the decisive role of their rival conceptions of the public.
Abstract: The first national dispute between conservationists and preservationists occurred between 1901 and 1913 over the building of the Hetch Hetchy dam in Yosemite Park. Examination of the controversy not only reveals the character of the opponents' arguments, it also demonstrates the decisive role of their rival conceptions of the “public.”
64 citations
TL;DR: This essay traces seven stages in the American controversy over abortion between 1960 and 1980, from a professional debate to a public dispute marked first by narratives, then successively by the ideographs “life,” “discrimination,’ and “choice” and then to a normalization and stalemate.
Abstract: This essay traces seven stages in the American controversy over abortion between 1960 and 1980. The argument moved from a professional debate to a public dispute marked first by narratives, then successively by the ideographs “life,” “discrimination,” and “choice,” and then to a normalization and stalemate in which the public consensus reflects values and interests from both sides of the conflict.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three sets of standards for evaluating explanations are presented: necessary requirements, aspects of an explanation needed to advance falsifiable predictions concerning cognitive structures and processes; sufficiency requirements, principles for assessing an explanation with respect to its relationship to relevant data; and aesthetic requirements, matters of quality which concern the intuitive power and appeal of explanations.
Abstract: The rise of cognitive approaches to the study of human communication demands an analysis of standards for evaluating such accounts. Three sets of standards are detailed in this essay: necessary requirements, aspects of an explanation needed to advance falsifiable predictions concerning cognitive structures and processes; sufficiency requirements, principles for assessing an explanation with respect to its relationship to relevant data; and aesthetic requirements, matters of quality which concern the intuitive power and appeal of explanations.
39 citations
TL;DR: The authors employ Kenneth Burke's cycle of terms for Order in a "logological" analysis of anti-abortion rhetoric, arguing that this discourse is informed by a descent-ascent metaphor which derives its persuasive power from Christian theology and deontological ethics.
Abstract: This essay employs Kenneth Burke's cycle of terms for Order in a “logological” analysis of anti‐abortion rhetoric. It argues that this discourse is informed by a descent‐ascent metaphor which derives its persuasive power from Christian theology and deontological ethics, each of which is a symbolic analogue of the dramatistic descent from Guilt, through Victimage, to the ascent of Redemption. Anti‐abortion rhetoric manifests two forms of Guilt, victimizes women, and makes childbearing and anti‐abortion legislation the twin paths to Redemption. The essay concludes speculatively, suggesting that this rhetoric appeals by enabling one to recapture lost innocence.
30 citations
TL;DR: The authors argued that Lee Harvey Oswald, while he acted alone, was not precisely a "loner" that he saw himself as the leader of a movement, imaginary though it was; that impelled by the rhetorical dynamics of that movement, he murdered in its name; and that the murder and the movement may serve as a paradigm of the form and fate of certain American movements that turned toward terrorism.
Abstract: This essay offers yet another answer to the question raised in Kenneth Burke's “Lines Anent An Inquiry.” Dramatistic in method, the essay argues that Lee Harvey Oswald, while he acted alone, was not precisely a “loner” that he saw himself as the leader of a movement, imaginary though it was; that impelled by the rhetorical dynamics of that movement, he murdered in its name; and that the murder and the movement may serve as a paradigm of the form and fate of certain American movements that turned toward terrorism in the years after the assassination.
TL;DR: This article reviewed judicial uses of the concept in economic regulation and racial discrimination cases, two areas of adjudication noted for their widely divergent reasonableness standards, and concluded that "one of the central themes in the literature on practical reasoning concerns the discovery of useful conceptions of reasonablity".
Abstract: One of the central themes in the literature on practical reasoning concerns the discovery of useful conceptions of reasonableness. This essay contributes to this search by reviewing judicial uses of the concept in economic regulation and racial discrimination cases, two areas of adjudication noted for their widely divergent reasonableness standards.
TL;DR: The authors identifies the generic appeals of Neo-Liberal rhetoric by locating them within the twentieth-century Liberal tradition and finds that Neo•Liberal rhetoric is a distinct variant of Liberal rhetoric as it combines non-ideological, innovative, and entrepreneurial appeals.
Abstract: This essay identifies the generic appeals of Neo‐Liberal rhetoric by locating them within the twentieth‐century Liberal tradition. Neo‐Liberal rhetoric is found to share with Liberal rhetoric a utilitarian perspective and a tendency to rationalize corporate business power. Neo‐Liberal rhetoric is a distinct variant of Liberal rhetoric as it combines non‐ideological, innovative, and entrepreneurial appeals.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that applied research is best carried out within the context of a sound theoretical foundation, and they explore three general ways applied research programs can contribute both to testing and to refining communication theory.
Abstract: This paper argues that applied research is best carried out within the context of a sound theoretical foundation. It explores three general ways that applied research programs can contribute both to testing and to refining communication theory: (1) by providing an opportunity to plan and to conduct theoretically‐oriented investigation which also addresses applied issues; (2) by providing the resources to permit conducting research in more realistic settings; and (3) by encouraging “spin‐off” studies that test tangential issues of theoretical concern. Examples are drawn from the authors' research dealing with the effects of videotaped trial materials.
TL;DR: This essay exemplifies the usefulness of Victor Turner's concept of social drama in an analysis of the public debate over recombinant DNA research.
Abstract: This essay exemplifies the usefulness of Victor Turner's concept of social drama in an analysis of the public debate over recombinant DNA research. The analysis encourages a consideration of the various debates about science and technology as possible reenactments of ideological conflict, reenactments which, to society's detriment, continually fail of satisfactory resolution.
TL;DR: This paper explored the process of persuasion by which readers become convinced of the authorship of a doubtful text, using John Selden's Table Talk as an illustrative case, and used it as a case study for persuading readers.
Abstract: Using John Selden's Table‐Talk as an illustrative case, this essay explores the process of persuasion by which readers become convinced of the authorship of a doubtful text.
TL;DR: The authors reexamine the content-relationship distinction in relational communication research and propose a model which stipulates that communicators mutually assume and expect that content will be appropriate to the nature of their relationship and the situation in which they communicate.
Abstract: This essay reexamines the content‐relationship distinction in relational communication research. Based on H. Paul Grice's concept of implicature, it proposes a model which stipulates that communicators mutually assume and expect that content will be appropriate to the nature of their relationship and the situation in which they communicate. Implications of the model for future research are explored.
TL;DR: This paper assessed selected examples of her editorials to explore their epistemic function and their force as argument and as symbolic action, and found a concrete illustration for the phrase that has gained a fair measure of attention: rhetoric is epistemic.
Abstract: Ellen Goodman's rhetoric is rooted in comparison. In examining her writings, we found a concrete illustration for the phrase that has gained a fair measure of attention: rhetoric is epistemic. We assess selected examples of her editorials to explore their epistemic function and their force as argument and as symbolic action.
TL;DR: Weimer as discussed by the authors, a PHILOSOPHICAL INQUIRY into the NATURE and LIMITS of science, has been published as a collection of essays about the methodology of scientific research.
Abstract: MATHEMATICS: THE LOSS OF CERTAINTY. By Morris Kline. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982; pp. 382. $22.50; paper $8.95. RADICAL KNOWLEDGE: A PHILOSOPHICAL INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND LIMITS OF SCIENCE. By Gonzalo Munevar. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company, 1981; pp. x + 125. $15.00; paper $6.95. NOTES ON THE METHODOLOGY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. By Walter B. Weimer. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1979; pp. xiii + 257. $19.95.
TL;DR: By the summer of 1922, Kenneth Burke adopted several philosophical assumptions which entailed a rejection of formalism and coincided with his move towards dramatism, which eventually placed the study of language at the center of understanding human relations as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: By the summer of 1922, Kenneth Burke adopted several philosophical assumptions which entailed a rejection of formalism and coincided with his move towards dramatism. This trend, which eventually placed the study of language at the center of understanding human relations, is revealed in an exchange of letters with Waldo Frank.
TL;DR: The authors argue that positivism has never accurately represented the general practice of conventional social science and propose a "hypothetico-constitutive" model for social science, which is based on the notion of a hypothesis-deductive account of social science.
Abstract: Critics have charged that the methods of conventional social science should be abandoned because they are inherently positivistic and positivism has been rejected. We argue that, although positivism has been discredited, it has never accurately represented the general practice of conventional social science. We also contend that the “hypothetico‐deductive” account of conventional social science is defective. In its place, we propose a “hypothetico‐constitutive” model.
TL;DR: The POLITICAL UNCONSCIOUS, NARRATIVE AS A SOCIALLY SYMBOLIC ACT as discussed by the authors, is a novel work by Gerard Genette, translated by Jane E. Lewin.
Abstract: ON NARRATIVE. Edited by W. J. T. Mitchell. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981; pp. 270. Paper $7.95. NARRATIVE DISCOURSE. By Gerard Genette. Translated by Jane E. Lewin. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1980; pp. 285. $22.50. THE POLITICAL UNCONSCIOUS, NARRATIVE AS A SOCIALLY SYMBOLIC ACT. By Fredric Jameson. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981; pp. 305. $22.50; paper $7.95. STORY AND DISCOURSE, NARRATIVE STRUCTURES IN FICTION AND FILM. By Seymour Chatham. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1978; pp. 277. $24.95; paper $5.95. INVENTIONS: WRITING, TEXTUALITY, AND UNDERSTANDING IN LITERARY HISTORY. By Gerald R. Bruns. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982; pp. xiv + 201. $18.95.
TL;DR: Disjunctions in Troilus are rhetorical strategies used to demonstrate what happens when language and ideals obscure human motivation and falsify people's understanding of their own and others' actions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Disjunctions in Troilus are rhetorical strategies used to demonstrate what happens when language and ideals obscure human motivation and falsify people's understanding of their own and others' actions.
TL;DR: In his Decline and Fall, Gibbon adapts Tacitus to show an eighteenth century audience how the fate of the Roman Empire need not be shared by the new empires of Europe as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In his Decline and Fall, Gibbon adapts Tacitus to show an eighteenth century audience how the fate of the Roman Empire need not be shared by the new empires of Europe.
TL;DR: HANNAH ARENDT: FOR LOVE OF THE WORLD as discussed by the authors, by Elisabeth Young-Bruehl. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982; pp. xxv + 563.
Abstract: HANNAH ARENDT: FOR LOVE OF THE WORLD. By Elisabeth Young‐Bruehl. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982; pp. xxv + 563. $25.00. THE ORIGINS OF TOTALITARIANISM. By Hannah Arendt. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973; pp. xl + 527. $4.95. THE HUMAN CONDITION. By Hannah Arendt. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1958; pp. 333. $3.95. RAHEL VARNHAGEN: THE LIFE OF A JEWISH WOMAN. By Hannah Arendt. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974; pp. xx + 236. $3.95. BETWEEN PAST AND FUTURE. By Hannah Arendt. New York: Viking Press, 1968; pp. 306. $2.45. EICHMANN IN JERUSALEM: A REPORT ON THE BANALITY OF EVIL. By Hannah Arendt. New York: Viking Press, 1965; pp. 312. $2.75. ON REVOLUTION. By Hannah Arendt. New York: Viking Press, 1965; pp. 344. $1.65. MEN IN DARK TIMES. By Hannah Arendt. New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1968; pp. x + 272. $2.45. ILLUMINATIONS. Edited and with an introduction by Hannah Arendt. New York: Schocken, 1969; pp. 278. $5.50. CRISES OF THE REPUBLIC. By Hannah Arendt. New York: Har...
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the three types of rhetorical treatises printed in the incunabular period (i.e., to 1500): ancient, medieval, and original works is presented.
Abstract: This essay surveys the three types of rhetorical treatises printed in the incunabular period (i.e., to 1500): that is, ancient, medieval, and original works. Cicero's De oratore and Saint Augustine's De doctrina Christiana Book IV are identified as the earliest rhetorical works printed. First editions of medieval works and of other ancient works are listed. A sampling shows that Germany and France produced the greatest number of original works; they also produced the earliest vernacular rhetorical works while England and Italy had none. The article concludes with suggestions for further research.
TL;DR: The Pursuit of SIGNS: SEMIOTICS, LITERATURE, DECONSTRUCTION as discussed by the authors, is a seminal work in the history of writing in the English language.
Abstract: THE PURSUIT OF SIGNS: SEMIOTICS, LITERATURE, DECONSTRUCTION. By Jonathan Culler. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1981, pp. xii + 242. $15.00 cloth, $7.95 paper. INTRODUCING SEMIOTIC: ITS HISTORY AND DOCTRINE. By John Deely. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982, pp. xvi + 246. SEMIOTIC PERSPECTIVES. By Sandor Hervey. Boston: George Allen & Unwin, 1982, pp. 273. $29.50. SEMIOTIC FOUNDATIONS: STEPS TOWARD AN EPISTEMOLOGY OF WRITTEN TEXTS. By Floyd Merrell. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982, pp. X + 191. $22.50. SEMIOTICS AND INTERPRETATION. By Robert Scholes. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982, pp. xiv+ 162. $12.95.
TL;DR: Although the Brome Abraham and Isaac play as mentioned in this paper ends with an explicit moral directed to the audience, rhetorical analysis of the play suggests that the final exemplary concept is but one of four levels of response that the dramatist's artistry aims to evoke.
Abstract: Although the Brome Abraham and Isaac ends with an explicit moral directed to the audience, rhetorical analysis of the play suggests that the final exemplary concept is but one of four levels of response that the dramatist's artistry aims to evoke.