Showing papers in "Quarterly Journal of Speech in 1990"
TL;DR: The Silent Language as discussed by the authors is a seminal work in the field of intercultural communication that was published in 1959 and has been influential in setting the agenda for the field in the 1990s.
Abstract: Edward T. Hall is usually the author mentioned as the first to write explicitly about intercultural communication. His book, The Silent Language, published in 1959 and generally listed as the first work in the field, has been influential in setting the agenda for the field of intercultural communication. At the same time, it is important to understand that Hall's work was not invented de novo, but rested heavily upon work begun with a series of colleagues for the specific purpose of training American diplomats about to be sent abroad. Understanding The Silent Language and the effect it has had on the study of intercultural communication requires knowing about the history of a particular group of linguists and anthropologists at a particular place, the Foreign Service Institute, and time, 1946–1956; that history is the focus here.
165 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that the character of the audience is a key factor in determining whether a given emotional appeal will be considered appropriate; they further argue that a renewed emphasis on rhetorical studies will help to prepare the public for a constructive role in the shaping of science policy.
Abstract: Over the course of this century, science and technology policy issues such as the management of hazardous wastes and the protection of endangered species have become increasingly common and important. To respond constructively to such issues, either by petitioning policy makers or by shaping policy themselves, nonscientists must be prepared to interpret, criticize, and synthesize complex scientific and ethical arguments. The experience of the Cambridge Experimentation Review Board suggests that in spite of some cultural bias against pathos, emotional appeals play a vital role in the shaping of science policy decisions. This paper argues that the character of the audience is a key factor in determining whether a given emotional appeal will be considered appropriate; it further argues that a renewed emphasis on rhetorical studies will help to prepare the public for a constructive role in the shaping of science policy.
80 citations
TL;DR: This article argued that the American jeremiad works well in the epideictic task of restoring social harmony in a time of crisis, but it also operates as a rhetoric of social control.
Abstract: Robert F. Kennedy's response to the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. offers the opportunity to examine the rhetorical function of the modern American jeremiad. This essay argues that, while the jeremiad works well in the epideictic task of restoring social harmony in a time of crisis, it also operates as a rhetoric of social control. It precludes a close examination of the system that may well have created the crisis. Kennedy's rhetoric was a skillful reaction to his immediate rhetorical and political obstacles, but it illustrates the generic limitations of the American jeremiad as a vehicle for social criticism.
60 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that understanding the rhetorical efforts of Native Americans to create an ethos capable of transcending cultural differences as a means of overcoming the imposition of a fundamentally mistaken identity and revitalizing tribal cultures has significant implications for our understanding of Native American rhetoric.
Abstract: This essay argues that understanding the rhetorical efforts of Native Americans to create an ethos capable of transcending cultural differences as a means of overcoming the imposition of a fundamentally mistaken identity and revitalizing tribal cultures has significant implications for our understanding of Native American rhetoric. On a broader scale, such study of Native American rhetoric can enhance our knowledge of how rhetoric functions externally and internally for marginalized people.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss three perspectives of intentionality: the encoder, decoder, and interactional, and argue that intent manifests itself as part of a negotiated process between interactants and therefore encompasses both the individual encoder and decoder orientations.
Abstract: This paper discusses three perspectives of intentionality—the encoder, decoder, and interactional—relevant to issues in interpersonal communication. Each perspective provides a different way of both conceptualizing and researching intentionality. The encoder perspective examines various ways in which intentionality manifests itself within human consciousness while the decoder perspective is primarily concerned with the way in which interactants attribute intentions to one another. Finally, the interactional perspective argues that intent manifests itself as part of a negotiated process between interactants and therefore encompasses both the individual encoder and decoder orientations.
55 citations
TL;DR: In contrast to the "structural account" of scientific expertise, which ties the expert's discourse closely to disciplinary constraints, the authors develops a "rhetorical account", showing how experts can move fluidly among disciplinary criteria and use paradigms more as strategies than constraints.
Abstract: In contrast to the “structural account” of scientific expertise, which ties the expert's discourse closely to disciplinary constraints, this essay develops a “rhetorical account,” showing how experts can move fluidly among disciplinary criteria and use paradigms more as strategies than constraints. Wilson, the exemplar here, projects his sociobiology into several discourse frames, each presuming a different audience, purpose, and persona for himself as expert. This shifting of frames has not only enabled Wilson to exert a great deal of influence on the social sciences and public discourse, it has also enabled him to elude disciplinary standards of evaluation.
52 citations
TL;DR: The authors discusses how autobiographies of conversion may use the resources of narrative form to construct myths of self which testify to the sincerity and significance of their conversion experiences and identifies two strategies of form useful for these purposes and illustrates their operation in Charles W. Colson's spiritual autobiography, Born Again.
Abstract: This essay discloses how autobiographies of conversion may use the resources of narrative form to construct myths of self which testify to the sincerity and significance of their conversion experiences. It identifies two strategies of form useful for these purposes and illustrates their operation in Charles W. Colson's spiritual autobiography, Born Again. The essay concludes that the rhetoric of form in conversion narratives elucidates both narrative and autobiographical theory by illustrating how form serves the demands of genre.
40 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the narrative construction of Israeli symbolism via a consideration of the tellings and retellings of the heroic saga of Israel's pre-state era, and highlighted the essentially dialogical process in which such high profile, multivocal national narratives participate and considers the rhetorical role they play in the larger cultural conversation.
Abstract: This study explores the narrative construction of Israeli symbolism via a consideration of the tellings and re‐tellings of the heroic saga of Israel's pre‐state era. This operation, natively known as “Tower and Stockade,” spanned the years 1936–39 and has since become mythologized as part of Israel's modern cultural heritage. Contemporary contexts of narration or narrative allusion involve such public texts as pedagogical and commemorative materials on the one hand, and political debates concerning the present day West Bank settlement movement on the other. The study highlights the essentially dialogical process in which such high profile, multivocal national narratives participate and considers the rhetorical role they play in the larger cultural conversation.
38 citations
TL;DR: A eulogy for epistemic rhetoric can be found in this article, with a focus on the eulogies of epistemic discourse in the context of speech and epistemic language.
Abstract: (1990). A eulogy for epistemic rhetoric. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 69-72.
36 citations
TL;DR: The authors traces the social functions of those metaphors which have become, from an ethical perspective, tragic not only because of their false analogies but also for their lack of worth when compared to other, more responsible frontier metaphors.
Abstract: In the twentieth century, many Americans tended to view our wars metaphorically as extensions of this nation's earlier frontier experience. From an anthropological perspective, those figurative analogies for contemporary combatants as frontiersmen reveal how an apparent “truth of things” expressed by some metaphors provided our culture with “a pastness to the future that is fundamentally reassuring.” This longitudinal study traces “social functions” of those metaphors which have become, from an ethical perspective, tragic not only because of their false analogies but also for their lack of worth when compared to other, more responsible frontier metaphors.
36 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored the dynamic spectacle as a rhetorical document of community building in the context of Black America's struggle for identity in White America and offered a case study of race relations in America.
Abstract: Inherent in the rhetorical tradition of symbolic form is the search for the rhetorical processes which convert experience into the social forms of community. Fusing Robert Scott's notion of rhetoric as dynamic with the rhetorical concept of “spectacle,” this essay explores “the dynamic spectacle” as a rhetorical document of community building. Black America's struggle for identity in White America is offered as a case study.
TL;DR: A GUIDE TO CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES: A HERMENEUTIC READER as discussed by the authors, by Mark Kelman and Roberto Mangabeira Unger, 1987; pp. 360.
Abstract: A GUIDE TO CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES. By Mark Kelman. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987; pp. 360. $30.00. INTERPRETING LAW AND LITERATURE: A HERMENEUTIC READER. Edited by Sanford Levinson and Steven Mailloux. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1988; pp. 502. $62.95; paper 29.95. THE CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES MOVEMENT. By Roberto Mangabeira Unger. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986; pp. 128. $7.95.
TL;DR: In this paper, a eulogy for the eulogists of rhetorical epistemology is given, with a focus on the undertaker of epistemic epistemologies, and a discussion of their relationship.
Abstract: (1990). Burying the undertaker: A eulogy for the eulogists of rhetorical epistemology. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 73-77.
TL;DR: The authors proposed a middle-range theory which challenges received notions of specularity in television, integrating some technological, discursive, and social dimensions of the experience of televised sports, and argued that insufficient complexity leads to unwarranted totalizations, which has sometimes been the fate of theories of mass communication.
Abstract: A theory must involve tradeoffs between an ability to describe the complexity of experience and an ability to generalize about categories of experience. Insufficient complexity leads to unwarranted totalizations, which has sometimes been the fate of theories of mass communication. This essay specifically indicts theories of specularity in cinema and television as risking totalization through unjustified generalizations about how the look functions for each medium as a whole. Integrating some technological, discursive, and social dimensions of the experience of televised sports, the essay proposes a middle‐range theory which challenges received notions of specularity in television.
TL;DR: Intimate ADVERSARIES: CULTURAL CONFLICT BETWEEN DOCTORS and WOMen PATIENTS and Improving COMMUNICATION, SATISFACTION, and COMPLIANCE.
Abstract: COMMUNICATING WITH MEDICAL PATIENTS. Edited by Moira Stewart and Debra Roter. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1989; pp. 286. $35.00, paper $16.50. COMMUNICATING WITH PATIENTS: IMPROVING COMMUNICATION, SATISFACTION, AND COMPLIANCE. By Philip Ley. London: Croon Helm, 1988; pp. xviii + 210. $47.50, paper $17.95. INTIMATE ADVERSARIES: CULTURAL CONFLICT BETWEEN DOCTORS AND WOMEN PATIENTS. By Alexandra D. Todd. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989; pp. 167. $29.95, paper $16.95.
TL;DR: The American Constitution functions both as a condensation symbol and as a set of essentially contested concepts as mentioned in this paper, which is the result of constructive ambiguity which produces broad social consensus; the latter function reflects the fact that Constitutional symbols are given meaning in specific controversies which produce dissensus.
Abstract: The American Constitution functions both as a condensation symbol and as a set of essentially contested concepts. The former function is the result of constructive ambiguity which produces broad social consensus; the latter function reflects the fact that Constitutional symbols are given meaning in specific controversies which produce dissensus. This seeming contradiction is contained by removing the battle for Constitutional interpretation from the public forum and assigning it to the specialized forum of the Supreme Court. Before the Civil War, however, the principle of judicial review was not yet established. Constitutional issues instead were the province of the same public forum which adjudicated the substantive questions. As a result, questions of expediency were transformed into Constitutional questions. Three case studies (the Alien and Sedition Acts, the nullification crisis, and the secession controversy) illustrate both the gradual evolution of Constitutional issues and the rigidity which these...
TL;DR: The authors investigated the epideictic, deliberative, and apologetic functions of the Libertas Americana and contributed to a growing body of literature which investigates the interdisciplinary connections among rhetoric, art history, American studies, and visual communication.
Abstract: Benjamin Franklin's medal, Libertas Americana, merits attention because of what it reveals about the underlying rhetorical functions of an expression of gratitude under diverse public and personal circumstances. Franklin used the medal primarily to praise the national characters of France and the United States in those two countries, while he also used it to influence government policy in Malta and to vindicate himself from criticism published in England. By investigating these epideictic, deliberative, and apologetic functions of the medal, this essay contributes to a growing body of literature which investigates the interdisciplinary connections among rhetoric, art history, American studies, and visual communication.
TL;DR: In this paper, a close reading of the Letter of John Dickinson is presented, and a standard of rhetorical judgment emerges from the text which is both instantiated in the argument and is its chief mode of appeal.
Abstract: John Dickinson's famed Letter appropriates pastoral design and convention for rhetorical ends. Through a close reading of the text, we can discern the ways in which literary idiom lends its force of expression to meet the needs of public controversy. A standard of rhetorical judgment emerges from the text which is both instantiated in the argument and is its chief mode of appeal.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the influence of the White Man's Words in the West Indians: Performance and the Emergence of CREOLE CULTURE.
Abstract: THE MAN‐OF‐WORDS IN THE WEST INDIES: PERFORMANCE AND THE EMERGENCE OF CREOLE CULTURE. By Roger D. Abrahams. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983; pp. xxxi + 203. $26.50; paper $12.95. PORTRAITS OF “THE WHITEMAN”: LINGUISTIC PLAY AND CULTURAL SYMBOLS AMONG THE WESTERN APACHE. By Keith Basso. Foreword by Dell Hymes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979; pp. xxi + 120. $24.95; paper $10.95. LET YOUR WORDS BE FEW: SYMBOLISM OF SPEAKING AND SILENCE AMONG SEVENTEENTH‐CENTURY QUAKERS. By Richard Bauman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983; pp. viii + 168. $34.50; paper $12.95. WAYS WITH WORDS: LANGUAGE, LIFE, AND WORK IN COMMUNITIES AND CLASSROOMS. By Shirley Brice Heath. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983; pp. xiii + 421. $57.50; paper $18.95. TALKING STRAIGHT: DUGRI SPEECH IN ISRAELI SABRA CULTURE. By Tamar Katriel. Foreword by Dell Hymes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986; pp. xi + 145. $34.50. THE INVISIBLE CULTURE: COMMUNICATION IN CLASSROOM AND COMMUNITY ON THE ...
TL;DR: This article argued that Fisher Ames's rhetorical strategy has its philosophical and theoretical roots in Scottish moral sense philosophy and faculty psychology, and used numerous strategies recommended in Scottish rhetorics for arousing and calming passions.
Abstract: Although Fisher Ames's famous Jay Treaty address has long been recognized as masterpiece of American oratory, the oration has not received critical attention from students of American public address. In reviewing this speech, the author argues that Ames's rhetorical strategy has its philosophical and theoretical roots in Scottish moral sense philosophy and faculty psychology. Using the enlightenment model of faculty psychology, Ames delivered distinct addresses to the understanding and the imagination of his audience, employed numerous strategies recommended in Scottish rhetorics for arousing and calming passions, and proposed a dramatic shift in the ground of political judgment from reason to passion. This approach forced the members of the House of Representatives to confront the “feelings” which determined their position on the Jay Treaty. Because of his vivid style and the importance of passion in the oration, the speech serves as an excellent example of what Hugh Blair called the vehement style of or...
TL;DR: The American Evasion of philosophy: A GENEALOGY OF PRAGMATISM as mentioned in this paper, by Robert D'Amico et al. New York: Routledge, 1989; pp. xiv + 174.
Abstract: HISTORICISM AND KNOWLEDGE. By Robert D'Amico. New York: Routledge, 1989; pp. xiv + 174. Paper $12.95. SOCIAL EPISTEMOLOGY. By Steve Fuller. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989; pp. xv + 316. $27.50. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND ITS DISCONTENTS. By Steve Fuller. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989; pp. x + 188. $32.95. CONTINGENCY, IRONY, AND SOLIDARITY. By Richard Rorty. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989; pp. xvi + 201. Paper $10.95. THE AMERICAN EVASION OF PHILOSOPHY: A GENEALOGY OF PRAGMATISM. By Cornell West. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989; pp. 279. $42.50; paper $18.50.
TL;DR: A response to Hogan's "Locating the bishops' advocacy" is given in this paper, where the authors discuss the role of the bishops in their advocacy work and present a response.
Abstract: (1990). “Locating” the bishops' advocacy: A response to Hogan. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 307-309.
TL;DR: Richardson's use of clothing metaphors connected Ramist precepts to social values and philosophic assumptions drawn from the fields of fashion, psychology, and Puritan theology as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This analysis of Richardson's clothing metaphors provides additional insight into the culture of the Puritan speech community and its interconnections with Ramism. Richardson's use of clothing metaphors connected Ramist precepts to social values and philosophic assumptions drawn from the fields of fashion, psychology, and Puritan theology. In addition, they presented the Puritan community with an orientation toward listening and inculcated the Puritan speech community with linguistic values which served religious interests.