Showing papers in "RAC: Revista de Administração Contemporânea in 2014"

Capacidades Dinâmicas: O Que São e Como Identificá-las?

Abstract: The phenomenon of dynamic capabilities in organizations is of great interest to researchers in various fields of knowledge in the area of administration, including strategic management, entrepreneurship, marketing, human resource management, operations management, and even information systems. Since Teece, Pisano and Shuen's (1997) original proposal, several theorists have made efforts at developing the dynamic capabilities concept. However, analysis of these efforts shows that there is a myriad of definitions, some quite similar, and there is definite controversy about the conditioning elements and components of dynamic capabilities. Note that the evolution of understanding of what is dynamic capability is associated with two main aspects: components and mechanisms by which a company develops dynamic capabilities. This article proposes an integrative model of the various definitions given by the authors surveyed, in which the determinants of the existence of dynamic capabilities include the set of behaviors, skills, routines, processes and governance mechanisms of learning and knowledge focused on change and innovation. These elements are developed along an organizational trajectory, through a cumulative process of knowledge and learning.

Motivações para o empreendedorismo: necessidade versus oportunidade?

Abstract: Most research purports to show the prevalence of either need or opportunity as the driving motive for entrepreneurship. Some has suggested that there is no such dichotomy; other motives can interfere, with interaction among them. This paper delves into such matters insofar as it brings to bear a qualitative research associated with a quantitative one, both targeted to identify the motives underlying the genesis of new undertakings. While the first procedure suggests the presence of multiple motives, the second - built from generated references - ratifies the occurrence of such motives. Results suggest that underlying motives bypass the binary conundrum of need versus opportunity and go deeper, in order to include: opportunity, personal attributes, labor markets, job frustration, family pressures, and external influences.

Avaliação do Ensino de Empreendedorismo entre Estudantes Universitários por meio do Perfil Empreendedor

Abstract: Entrepreneurship is a socioeconomic phenomenon that has been valued for its influence on the growth and development of regional and national economies. The main promoter of this phenomenon are entrepreneurs, subjects endowed with multiple features that make up their profiles. They are dynamic and results oriented, benefitting from the fruits of their own personal efforts. Entrepreneurial education is highlighted as one of the most efficient ways to promote an entrepreneurial culture and train new entrepreneurs. However, some difficulty has been observed in assessing the effectiveness of teaching and learning this subject. The objective of this study was to analyze, by means of multivariate techniques, an instrument whose function is to measure the learning of Entrepreneurship, verifying the change in entrepreneur profiles of 407 college students participating or not in an entrepreneurial training process. The results showed that students who participated in Entrepreneurship educational training activities showed significant changes in their entrepreneurial profiles. The main contributions showed growth in the Self-realization, Planner, Innovative and Risks Assumed dimensions.

Trabalho, violência e sexualidade: estudo de lésbicas, travestis e transexuais

Abstract: This article studies the interpersonal and symbolic violence experienced at work directed at lesbians, transvestites and transsexuals. However, to accomplish its purpose, we had to analyze the violence experienced by the subjects in their broader social context, involving family issues, among others; extending the analysis beyond the formal work environment. Sixty-five subjects were interviewed, using the field diary technique to produce data. Analysis was performed via Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), with Fairclough (1992, 1995) adopted as the main approach. We conclude that respondents suffer various forms of symbolic violence, the fruit of symbolic domination, which are established in a particular way in each of the groups studied. The interpersonal violence experienced at work is closely related to the forms of symbolic violence related to each group, and occur with greater intensity for transvestites because they are more likely to suffer from and be subject to interpersonal violence through physical aggression, a fact that puts their physical integrity and l ives at risk.

Cultura de Inovação: Conceitos e Modelos Teóricos

Abstract: This study portrays the state of the art in scientific literature on the culture of innovation, with the objective of characterizing its meaning and especially describing different theoretical models that seek to understand how it occurs in an organizational environment. To enrich the analysis, research results show the relationship between organizational culture and innovation. The literature review was carried out in 2011 using the following databases: Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Proquest and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The keywords used were the expression culture of innovation and the joint terms culture and innovation, only full articles were included in the research. Culture of innovation articles that were cited in the papers identified in the literature search were also considered. The analysis consisted of 40 articles, based on the predefined criteria, and showed that this is a topic of interest for researchers in different world regions. It is a complex theme determined by factors with a systemic character. There is a predominance of quantitative research and strong evidence of a relationship between organizational culture and innovation, which requires further research to test the theoretical models proposed by these different authors.

Relações raciais e estudos organizacionais no Brasil

Abstract: This theoretical essay discusses the issue of race relations in Brazil and explores its interfaces with studies on diversity management in organizations. Therefore, it seeks to problematize this field's appropriation of American studies, pushing to the background - or even ignoring - studies on race relations developed in Brazilian anthropology and sociology. This questioning helps us realize that organizational studies in Brazil have been displaced in this debate, either by the assumption that our diversity management should follow Anglo-Saxon parameters, or by the distance that the area has maintained from Brazilian studies that address racial minorities and their dynamic relations. The final part of the paper retrieves two important works produced under Brazilian studies on race relations and, from them, examines this debate's contributions to the study of Brazilian organizations. The paper concludes by drawing researchers' attention to the need to rescue the Brazilian debate as a way of contextualizing diversity management in Brazil.

Sustentabilidade: O Que É, O Que Não É . Leonardo Boff. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 2012. 200 p. ISBN 978-85-326-4298-1 .

Abstract: Em tres paginas, esta resenha sintetiza o livro de Leonardo Boff, lancado poucos meses antes da Conferencia das Nacoes Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente, a Rio+20, que aconteceu em 2012. A obra traz uma discussao sobre o uso indevido do termo pelos governos, pelas empresas, pela diplomacia e pelos meios de comunicacao. Segundo este livro, a sustentabilidade e questao de vida ou morte pois somente com ela o futuro da especie humana no Planeta Terra estara assegurado. Portanto, faz-se necessario que se distinga verdadeiramente o que e e o que nao e sustentabilidade.

Empreendedor: Origens, Concepções Teóricas, Dispersão e Integração

Abstract: Mais de dois seculos separam os cervejeiros mencionados por Adam Smith (1976), em sua obra classica, dos empreendedores de hoje. Os primeiros viviam em um ambiente socioeconomico caracterizado por uma relativa estabilidade. Eram detentores de oficios cujas tradicoes passavam de geracao para geracao. Os empreendedores atuais, por sua vez, situam-se em um mundo completamente diferente, caracterizado por rapidas transformacoes e grande competicao e sao vistos como personagens multifacetados. O conceito de empreendedor e, atualmente, utilizado para designar diferentes facetas de um personagem (Gartner, 1988, 2001), tais como alguem dotado de capacidade de inovacao; de espirito de iniciativa; que assume riscos em um negocio; que decide sobre o uso e a coordenacao de recursos escassos, etc. Para Sumpf e Hugues (1973), o empreendedor seria um conceito sociologico. Mais precisamente, um tipo ideal, no sentido weberiano. O nascimento e as alteracoes no conceito de empreendedor revelam, de certa maneira, as transformacoes da propria sociedade e sua evolucao, de uma base de producao agraria para uma economia mercantil e, finalmente, para a sociedade industrial, que precedeu ao mundo contemporâneo, no qual impera a figura do empreendedor. Como comentado por Hoselitz (1951), a historia das palavras reflete a historia das instituicoes e costumes. Quando surge uma nova palavra ou quando uma velha palavra adquire um novo significado, significa que o desenvolvimento social gerou tal necessidade, de maneira a expressar uma nova realidade. O caso do empreendedor e emblematico. Conceitos e teorias sobre o empreendedor se alteraram com o tempo. Seus fundamentos teoricos surgiram, inicialmente, no contexto da economia e podem ser identificados, em primeiro lugar, na Franca e, em segundo lugar, na Inglaterra. Ao longo do tempo, a contribuicao francesa foi se extinguindo, enquanto que as contribuicoes da lingua inglesa adquiriram grande vitalidade. O seculo XX ─ em particular as ultimas decadas ─ presenciou a introducao da preocupacao com o empreendedorismo entre os grandes temas das ciencias sociais, com contribuicoes advindas de varias areas de conhecimentos. Para Lohrke e Landstrom (2012, p. 10) “a pesquisa sistematica de empreendedorismo vem sendo conduzida ha cerca de 40 anos, tendo emergido na decada de 1980”. Para Blackburn (2011), o conceito de empreendedor e central para ideologias de diferentes sociedades ao redor do mundo. Observa, entao, que (2011, p. xiii), “extraindo dos pilares das ciencias sociais, estudiosos do empreendedorismo e seus trabalhos estao influenciando e ajudando a redefinir fundamentos academicos dominantes e suas fronteiras”. Mas diferentes sao as concepcoes teoricas basicas hoje existentes, cada uma delas enfatizando determinada faceta ou dimensao desse personagem. Como salientado por Lohrke e Landstrom (2012), considerando que as pesquisas sobre empreendedorismo estao se tornando mais dirigidas por teorias e que pesquisadores vem extraindo teorias de varios campos de conhecimentos, torna-se importante conhecer as diferentes raizes intelectuais das reflexoes sobre empreendedor. O proposito deste artigo e o de apresentar e analisar as origens e evolucao de diferentes concepcoes teoricas sobre o empreendedor, as principais vertentes teoricas hoje existentes e os pontos de convergencia entre elas. Como sera possivel observar, existem muitos pontos de interacao e dialogo entre os pioneiros de diferentes abordagens teoricas, o que, por si so, ja sinalizaria para uma promessa de integracao. No entanto, isso nao ocorre. As pesquisas atuais tendem a explorar, geralmente, um unico eixo teorico. Essa tendencia, todavia, vem sendo muito criticada, inclusive por alguns autores que clamam por uma maior interdisciplinaridade nos estudos sobre empreendedorismo (Gartner & Shane, 1995; Thornton, 1999). O artigo encontra-se dividido em tres partes. A primeira enfoca as origens de uma teoria do empreendedor, associada ao aparecimento e evolucao do proprio conceito. A segunda analisa as principais perspectivas teoricas mais estruturadas sobre o empreendedor, como um ator diferenciado: (a) a vertente da economia; (b) a vertente da inovacao; (c) a vertente da sociologia; (d) a vertente da sociologia economica; (e) a vertente da psicologia. Na conclusao sao destacadas as peculiaridades e convergencias ai presentes. Observa-se que as novas teorias sobre o empreendedor, atualmente em fase

Capacidade de Inovação: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura

Abstract: This work contributes to consolidate academic research on innovation capacity. A systematic methodology was applied to review the literature since 1991. The recovered literature was analyzed and synthesized into a multidimensional framework composed of 7 determinants of innovation capability - transformational leadership; strategic intent to innovate; personnel management innovation; customer and market knowledge; strategic management of technology; organicity of the organizational structure; and project management that results in performance innovation in products and processes. Additionally, an inventory of management practices that characterize and underpin the aforementioned factors was conducted and presented. The framework and the list of management practices can be used as a basis for future empirical research or as a guide for improving firms' innovation capabilities.

Burocrata proteano: articulações de carreira em torno e além do setor público

Abstract: The way the careers are built in the private sector has been object of a massive amount of investigation over the last twenty years or so (Bendassoli, 2009; Chanlat, 1995, 1996). Comprehension of the way this has occurred in the Brazilian public sector constitutes a gap in the current literature on the theme (Bresser-Pereira, 1996; Saravia, 2006). This article aims to understand how high-level technical civil servants build their careers, in light of different perspectives of careers as articulated in current social context. It delved to identify the existence of protean features exhibited by civil servants, in order to characterize a possible change of attitude, something more commonly associated with the private sector (Hall & Moss, 1998). Two groups were selected, one with current civil servants and another with former civil servants, all from a Brazilian state's Department of Human Resources. The subjects, all with college degrees in different fields, were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Resulting data was subjected to Content Analysis (Bardin, 1979; Minayo, 2007). A disruption of the logic of building a career in the public sector was observed, with servers searching for careers without boundaries, but linked to their personal perspectives; a logic commonly observed in the private sector.

Two Decades of Research on Strategic Alliances: Analysis of Citations, Co-citations and Themes Researched

Abstract: Research on strategic alliances has a long tradition in management studies. Strategic alliances have been investigated using multiple theoretical lenses from RBV to agency and transaction cost, and diverse contexts, from the semiconductor to airline industries. In this study we scrutinize the extant strategic alliance research in thirty-one top-ranked business/management journals, over a twenty-year period, from 1993 to 2012. In a sample of 866 articles we conducted citation and co-citation analyses employing social network techniques and factor analysis to identify research themes and make sense of the stock of accumulated knowledge and theoretical trends. We were able to identify some shifts in research over time, namely from a focus on performance and theoretical emphasis on transaction cost theory and governance concerns, moving to a learning and knowledge transfer approach, social networks and collaboration. This study provides the foundations over which future research may develop to fill conceptual and empirical gaps.

Relação entre estratégia de diferenciação e inovação, e sistemas de controle gerencial

Abstract: The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between product differentiation strategies, innovation and Management Control System designs, which consist of social network dimensions, innovative organic cultures and formal controls in Brazilian textile companies. The research is characterized as descriptive and was conducted through a survey of a sample of 101 companies associated with the Brazilian Association of Textile Industry. These companies' managers answered a questionnaire extracted from Chenhall, Kallunki and Silvola (2011). Descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to examine this study's replicated hypotheses. The results show consistent evidence of connections between product differentiation strategies, innovation and MCS design; a relationship confirmed by the use of formal controls and product innovation. However, the research did not confirm that companies which adopt differentiation strategies achieve higher levels of product innovation. Social networks were seen to encourage innovative organic culture, but did not reinforce the relationship with product innovation. The results and conclusions are consistent with Chenhall et al. (2011), except for the relationship between differentiation and innovation, in which no statistical significance was observed.

Alerta Empreendedor e as Abordagens Causation e Effectuation Sobre Empreendedorismo

Abstract: According to Gartner (1985), to understand the dimensions and variables of entrepreneurship and how they relate to each other contributes to understanding the phenomenon of new venturing creation. Entrepreneurial alertness (Kirzner, 1997) explains how business opportunities are identified and contributes to the creation of new business. This study aimed to relate the level of entrepreneurial alertness to entrepreneurial approaches causation, consistent with the concept of planning and analysis, and effectuation, consistent with the exploitation of emerging opportunities in a non-predictive way, both presented by Sarasvathy (2001). As a specific objective, it intended to validate the entrepreneurial alertness scales developed by Tang, Kacmar and Busenitz (2012), and entrepreneurial approaches scales, developed by Chandler, Detienne, Mckelvie and Mumford (2011). The survey was realized with a sample of 123 entrepreneurs from various sectors who were participants of business associations. The scales were validated in terms of reliability and multidimensionality. The results present a positive relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and entrepreneurial approaches, especially in terms of causation. A quadratic nonlinear model was also identified in this relationship, indicating a middle point in which the relationship becomes reversed.

Information technology investments and supply chain governance

Abstract: The aim of this research is to propose a model that relates information technology (IT) investments, supply chain governance (SCG) and performance together. For this purpose, a pilot study involving both a qualitative and a quantitative stage was conducted. The qualitative analysis, consisting of an extensive literature review and two case studies conducted in six major, globally-relevant Brazilian companies, led to the development of an initial model. This model was refined during the quantitative stage that involved 38 executives from large national companies. IT was found to be one of the main drivers of SCG influencing companies' supply chain performance. The final model consists of 5 constructs and 26 elements. Regarding the SCG constructs: (a) a new element 'formal contracts', emerged in the 'contractual SCG' construct; (b) the element 'cooperation' was not confirmed in the 'relational SCG' construct; (c) the element 'transparency' was considered an important element in the 'transactional SCG' construct. Five new elements emerged in the 'IT investment' construct. Market aspects were highlighted as being relevant in the 'supply chain performance' construct. Thus, the model includes elements that can be analyzed in order to shed light on how IT investments influence SCG and supply chain performance.

Relações entre resistência a mudança e comprometimento organizacional em servidores públicos de Minas Gerais

Abstract: The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between resistance to change and organizational commitment of public employees from the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. This study includes only public employees who participated in the individual performance appraisal program (ADI), which was developed by the state government along with other changes integrating the "Management Shock" project. A survey method was employed to test the hypothesis. The sample size is 679 respondents from three State Secretary offices of Minas Gerais. Factorial analysis was preferred to estimate the measurement model, linear regression was employed to test the hypothesis, and variance analysis was run to test the differences between the Secretaries of State. The results indicate that a positive variation in the acceptance of and cooperation with the individual performance appraisal program leads to an increase in organizational commitment level. In other words, employees who collaborate with the changes are more likely to be highly committed to the organization. The main contribution of this research is to relate commitment to the perception of organizational changes employees experience as result of the management shock program.

Facetas do risco no empreendedorismo internacional

Abstract: This article aims to analyze the facets of risk experienced by entrepreneurs in the internationalization process. The approach to international entrepreneurship composed the theoretical underpinnings of the research. A longitudinal, qualitative multiple case study was developed for Agricola Famosa-CE, Agro Melon-RN (pseudonym), Special Fruit-BA and Ara Agricola-PE. Thirty-one managers and consultants participated in the interviews. Data analysis was supported by adaptive theory and content analysis. Two facets of risk emerged from the data, namely: commercial and negotiation, and agricultural production. The exchange rate is presented as the most challenging property from the commercial and negotiation facet, while climatic conditions characterize the agricultural production that influences the internationalization process. Therefore, the commercial and negotiation facet stems from internationalization and economic activity in the segment, while agricultural production has agribusiness idiosyncrasies.

Determinantes nacionais e setoriais da estrutura de capital na América Latina

Abstract: This study identified the role of the national environment (the Macroeconomy, Financial Development and Institutional Quality) and industry characteristics (Munificence, Dynamism, Concentration, Life Cycle, Technological Efficiency Dispersion, Product Quality Dispersion, Customer Bargaining Power and Supplier Bargaining Power) on debt of 612 listed companies from 7 Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela). For comparison purposes, the analysis is also extended to 847 U.S. companies. The period of study is 1996-2009 and the analysis employed a Hierarchical Linear Model, which controls the effects according to the level of the variables (country, industry, time and firm). The results suggest that Financial Development eases access to external funds and Institutional Quality is negatively related to firm Leverage. The research also finds evidence that institutional quality can promote asymmetrical development between stock markets and credit markets.

Percepções de valor e elementos estruturantes das microfranquias

Abstract: A microfranchise requires investment of up to R$ 50 mil. There are currently 336 franchise chains operating in this format in Brazil. The importance of this type of business is justified by lower income classes' increased purchasing power. However, it is a franchise model that has not been extensively studied. The purpose of this article is to identify whether there are differences between conventional franchises and microfranchises related to value perception and structural elements of the franchise system. This means assessing whether conventional franchises differ from microfranchises in regards to franchisees' perception of support value and perceived brand value. We analyzed 1090 conventional chains and chains which operated through microfranchising using data published during the period 2007-2012. Additionally, we performed three case studies with microfranchisees. OLS regression showed that there are differences in the perception of franchise brand value and but not in the perception of support to the franchisee.

Réplica - Redes são Redes ou Redes são Organizações?

Abstract: O presente texto e motivado pelo artigo de Oliveira e Lopes que faz uma importante contextualizacao do tema cooperacao e, mais precisamente, da ideia de coopeticao. Os autores Oliveira e Lopes apresentaram uma robusta construcao teorica, problematizando a aplicacao do conceito de coopeticao, destacando sua utilizacao no contexto das redes interorganizacionais (nivel meso) e sua baixa atencao no campo das redes interpessoais (nivel micro). Ja na introducao os autores argumentam que seja abandonada a exclusividade da adocao do termo e desta modalidade de relacao no contexto meso. Para demonstrar que nao ha argumentacao teorica suficientemente organizada que leve o pesquisador a acreditar que esta abordagem deva ser associada exclusivamente a um contexto meso, ... o objetivo e o de evidenciar que o conceito de coopeticao, tambem, pode ser aplicado ao contexto das relacoes individuais (Oliveira & Lopes, 2014, p. 509). A partir dessa problematizacao dos autores, busca-se, neste artigo, avancar na discussao do tema e, na medida do possivel, lancar novas luzes a questao da coopeticao, seja na perspectiva dos individuos ou na das organizacoes. Pode-se adiantar que a discussao quanto a coopeticao ser um fenomeno vinculado ao nivel micro (individuo) ou ao nivel meso (organizacoes) nao e tao complexa quanto aparenta ser. Em realidade, tal questao se relaciona muito mais a perspectiva do pesquisador do que a uma qualidade especifica do objeto em estudo. Neste sentido, para avancar nas teorizacoes a respeito da tematica, em nossa analise, existem duas dimensoes possiveis e interdependentes de analise da coopeticao. Uma trata do carater

Oligopsônio dos Frigoríficos: Uma Análise Empírica de Poder de Mercado

Abstract: This paper analyzes the beef supply chain in Brazil with the purpose of identifying the existence of market power between farmers and slaughterhouses. The study is divided in two parts. First, we characterize the beef sector in Brazil, and conclude that the industry structure is close to a oligopsony. Following the tradition of the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO), we then proceed to apply an econometric test to detect market power. This new method tries to overcome the usual limitations in which the results obtained are sensitive to assumptions about production technology. Using profit maximization conditions for slaughterhouses, and a time series of monthly data over a period of 14 years from the state of Sao Paulo, we found evidence of weak to moderate market power in the relationship between slaughterhouses and producers. Robustness checks through alternative models only confirmed these results. Also, we did not find evidence that market power has increased any in recent years, during which the industry concentration ratio has increased substantially.

Estresse, Enfrentamento e Qualidade de Vida: Um Estudo Sobre Gerentes Brasileiros

Abstract: This study analyzes the relationship between perceived stress at work, the coping strategy adopted, and the quality of life of active managers in Brazilian organizations. Three instruments were applied together: Karasek's Job Stress Scale, Latack's Coping with Job Stress and WHO'S WHOQOL-Bref to a sample of 1290 managers throughout Brazil. An analysis of the correlation between the variables stress, quality of life and coping strategy was applied. To further evaluate the relationship between the three dimensions of interest, linear and logistic regression models were developed. The findings show that most managers find themselves under a high stress level, but share good social support and have good perceptions about their quality of life. Most use control strategies to cope with stress. Control strategies and symptom management significantly influence the perception of quality of life, whereas avoidance strategies imply a decrease in this perception. Managers with jobs classified as high strain (Karasek & Theorell, 1990) tend to have a poorer quality of life, even when moderated by social support.

Processo de institucionalização do curso de administração pública a distância em uma Universidade Federal

Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the institutionalization process of an online graduate course in public administration at the Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras [UFLA]), specifically the institutionalization process phases, and to identify evidence of isomorphism and legitimacy. The study is based on Tolbert and Zucker's theory (1998) which subdivides the institutionalization process into three distinct phases: habitualization, objectification and sedimentation. Using a qualitative perspective, semi-structured interviews were conducted with course coordinators of the Distance Education Center and the Management and Economy Department, totaling 11 interviews. These were recorded and transcribed. After the transcript was subjected to thematic content analysis using Weft QDA (Qualitative Data Analysis). In general, the institutionalization process of the online public administration course is characterized by a moderate stage of habitualization and objectification and a low stage sedimentation. Coercive isomorphism and regulative legitimacy was also evident.

Réplica - Empreendedores: Reflexões sobre Concepções Históricas e Contemporâneas

Abstract: O empreendedorismo e um campo de pesquisa em construcao, sendo o empreendedor ou os empreendedores uma das dimensoes de analise do fenomeno. Gartner (1985) salienta que o empreendedorismo pode ser explicado por meio de quatro dimensoes, as quais determinam a criacao de novos negocios, sao elas: o individuo, o processo, a organizacao e o ambiente. Tambem na visao processual, que considera o empreendedorismo como um resultado de diversas fases que tem inicio com a ideia do negocio (Baron & Shane, 2011), o empreendedor esta presente, pois e ele quem direciona todas as etapas do processo. No entanto o percurso epistemologico do campo nao negligencia a importância dos empreendedores para a compreensao do fenomeno, porem evidencia, cada vez mais, que eles nao agem isoladamente. Esse direcionamento foi determinado a partir do ano 2000, com a publicacao de Shane e Venkataraman na Academy of Management Review, a qual apresentou a abordagem do nexo entre individuos e oportunidades. Shane (2012) discute a importância que a referida premissa teve, ao longo da ultima decada, e refletida, notadamente, em diversas contribuicoes teoricas posteriores sobre identificacao e construcao de oportunidades por individuos, de maneira que a “introducao do conceito de oportunidades mudou o foco do campo de empreendedorismo ao longo dos dez ultimos anos” (p. 16). Ainda que as abordagens sobre oportunidades venham consolidando um novo momento na evolucao do campo, estudos com enfoques em empreendedores continuam relevantes. Mas e preciso levar em consideracao a dimensao temporal na medida em que ela mostra como o empreendedor e fruto da sua epoca e do meio, pois e em dado contexto de tempo e de espaco que se pode compreender a relacao dialogica entre individuos e criacao de valor (Bruyat & Julien, 2001; Julien, 2010). Este ensaio teorico e uma resposta ao convite formulado pelo editor desta revista para uma replica ao artigo intitulado

O Que Gestão Estratégica Tem a Ver com Capitalismo(s)

Abstract: The many debates about capitalism within the context of the successive crises of neoliberal globalization, although overlooked by the field of strategic management (SM), are of central importance to strategists and academics from emerging economies. In response to the way SM in the US has been linked to discourses portraying neoliberal capitalism as the only option, European literature has embraced the perspective of varieties of capitalism and developed the strategy as practice approach. Through a dialogue with international studies, this article argues that the Euro-American contemporary hegemony in GE helps build the legitimate authority of strategists from large corporations and keep Euro-American state strategists invisible and delegitimizes strategists and organizations from the rest of the world that represent other types of capitalism or alternatives to the Occidentalist order. In the end, the authors posit that the strategy field in Brazil might foster a geopolitical perspective on GE that could overcome some of the restraints imposed by historic capitalism and enable the diffusion and legitimation of other types of capitalism and non-Occidentalist alternatives.

Perspectiva Institucional dos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde em Dois Estados Brasileiros

Abstract: Health Information Systems (SIS) are technological artifacts allowing public managers in three government spheres to obtain essential information for the management and planning of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS - the public health system). Institutional Theory was chosen as the theoretical framework to analyze the incorporation of SIS in Brazilian public health, since there may be a direct influence from the organizational environment. This perspective makes it possible to find explanations for environmental factor influence, be they coercive, normative or mimetic, when deciding on the use of technology in government. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence these institutional factors have on SIS use by State Health Departments (SES). In order to achieve our objective, we chose a qualitative approach, with multiple SES case studies in the states of Parana and Rio Grande do Sul. The Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Decentralized Hospital Information System (SIHD) were considered the units of analysis for this study. Based on the proposed conceptual model, institutional factors that influence the use of these SIS, in the form of coercive, mimetic and normative pressures, are presented and analyzed.

Competição Bancária: Comparação dos Comportamentos de Bancos Públicos e Privados

Abstract: Public banks are an important part of the banking market in Brazil and abroad, and they have been used to implement strategies furthering political and social goals. Although one of the main arguments for the existence of public banks is to encourage competition, this role remains controversial in literature. This paper analyzes the Brazilian banking market during the period from 2000 to 2011, calculating the level of competition between private and public banks, and their reactions to the measures adopted by the Brazilian government during the world crisis of 2008, when the government adopted a policy of publicly influencing public banks to increase loan approvals and reduce interest rates. From results obtained through three stage least squares estimation of the Lerner index, we found that public banks exhibit behavior closer to perfect competition than private banks, even though they can exert some market power. We also observed a change in competitive behavior after the 2008 crisis for both public and private banks, which displayed an increased in pro-competitive behavior.

Redes, inovação e desempenho exportador: uma abordagem institucional

Abstract: Several studies have attempted to analyze the determinants of export performance. Most of them have been dedicated to assessing the role of corporate, managerial, and organizational resources, as well as company size and experience. Others sought to measure the effect of innovation on export performance. However, there are few studies that address the effect institutional framework has on export performance. The present study aims to evaluate the institutional determinants of companies' export performance, seeking to fill a gap in the international business literature by examining the ways in which the institutional framework of the country of origin affects companies' export performance. Although several studies have investigated the effect country of origin institutions have on internationalization and export performance, there are few studies that have evaluated the modes and mechanisms by which such institutions act and shape companies' export performance. This study's contribution is using structural equation modeling to show that institutional framework has no direct effect on export performance, but acts indirectly through specific transmission mechanisms. This approach points to social networks and innovation as two mechanisms that perform specific functions to configure institutional effects. Although the empirical results did not show statistical significance for the innovation dimension, the network mechanism has been shown as a specific and efficient mechanism for transmitting institutional framework effects on export performance.

Dinâmicas do Desempenho Financeiro, da Mudança Estratégica e da Concentração Industrial em Empresas Brasileiras

Abstract: The impact a company's change in strategy has on its financial performance is an inconclusive topic in management. This is partially due to a failure to adopt a dynamic perspective. This study investigated the effects of past strategic changes in boards of directors, customers and products (taking into consideration the industrial concentration represented by the number of companies in the sector) on profitability, sales growth and market value of publicly traded companies. We also assessed the impact past performance and industry concentration has on subsequent strategic changes. Using data from 68 companies over ten years, we built up a within-enterprise panel analysis using generalized estimating equations, a technique that considers the temporal autocorrelation of the dependent variable. The results indicated that strategic changes generate short and long-term financial performances and these effects generate subsequent strategic changes, independent of industry concentration. This, in turn, sometimes encourages high financial performance and strategic change, but at other times discourages them. This research contributes to evolutionary causal explanations on the relationship between financial performance and strategic changes.

O Processo de Internacionalização de Periódicos Nacionais

Abstract: Na Carta ao Leitor da edicao passada da Revista de Administracao Contemporânea (RAC), argumentou-se que o mercado editorial cientifico esta passando por importantes e profundas mudancas.Por sua vez, na reuniao Expandida do Conselho Consultivo do Programa de Apoio a Aquisicao de Periodicos (PAAP), promovida pela CAPES, no dia 29 de outubro, em Brasilia, da qual participaram representantes de editoras internacionais e de revistas nacionais, foram discutidas algumas potenciais transformacoes no segmento de revistas cientificas do pais.Na reuniao, os representantes da CAPES informaram que o governo brasileiro, dentro do objetivo de internacionalizacao da universidade brasileira, estimula diversas iniciativas. No contexto da internacionalizacao da pos-graduacao brasileira, alem do Programa Ciencia sem Fronteiras, um dos elementos estrategicos que pode contribuir para os objetivos do governo envolve a internacionalizacao dos periodicos cientificos nacionais.Desta forma, o conhecimento gerado pelos pesquisadores que atuam no Brasil pode ficar acessivel a um publico mais abrangente que, por sua vez, pode impulsionar indicadores de conhecimento e ciencia do pais como, por exemplo, maior numero de citacoes de trabalhos de nossos pesquisadores.Com foco nessa iniciativa de internacionalizacao de periodicos nacionais, a CAPES convidou editores de revistas para a apresentacao de cinco editoras internacionais de grande influencia que poderiam apoiar esse processo: Elsevier, Emerald, Springer, Taylor&Francis e Wiley.Na parte da manha, cada editora teve cerca de 30 minutos para fazer sua apresentacao, incluindo tempo para perguntas e respostas. Na apresentacao, basicamente as editoras expuseram seu historico e posicionamento, para tanto, descreveram mais especificamente os recursos e seus diferenciais competitivos para fomentar a internacionalizacao dos periodicos cientificos nacionais.Na parte da tarde, as editoras tiveram reunioes internas com a CAPES para discutir aspectos tecnicos e financeiros. O plano da CAPES e financiar a disponibilizacao no formato Open Access de aproximadamente 100 periodicos nacionais nas plataformas dessas editoras. Essa movimentacao da CAPES traria aprimoramentos e maior profissionalizacao aos periodicos nacionais, bem como daria mais visibilidade internacional, dessa forma, contribuindo para maiores insercao e influencia da pesquisa brasileira no âmbito mundial.De acordo com o planejamento da CAPES, um primeiro edital selecionara as editoras internacionais que farao parte do programa e um segundo edital escolhera os periodicos que contarao com o apoio dessas editoras para seu processo de internacionalizacao. Com as diversas areas da CAPES, esse programa contemplaria dois periodicos por area.As editoras, a despeito das diversas similaridades em relacao as estrategias de marketing e divulgacao e as formas de hosting e gestao do processo editorial, possuem tambem elementos diferenciais que foram explorados na reuniao.Por exemplo, enquanto algumas editoras permitem que o periodico publique artigos em portugues, outras exigem uma versao em lingua inglesa. Uma editora tem foco maior em revistas da area de gestao e negocios. Outra editora possui maior experiencia no formato Open Access. Enquanto uma editora da liberdade de o processo de submissao continuar sendo realizado pelo sistema eletronico atual do periodico, outra necessitaria que o processo editorial fosse migrado para sua plataforma. Assim, haveria uma variedade de caracteristicas de cada editora e de possiveis formatos para internacionalizacao.Uma das exigencias da CAPES e que os periodicos sejam Open Access, sem onus para leitores e autores. Dessa forma, a propria CAPES financiaria a divulgacao dos trabalhos nas plataformas dessas editoras, assim, viabilizando o formato de livre acesso, para conferir maior visibilidade aos artigos dos periodicos.Obviamente, o formato final dos editais ainda dependera de debates e negociacoes. Entretanto fica clara a movimentacao que implica alteracoes relevantes no segmento editorial nacional. A internacionalizacao e um aspecto que o governo brasileiro esta priorizando.Enfatiza-se que nao somente essa reuniao da CAPES ilustra a busca por uma nova dinâmica. A chamada do MCTI/CNPq/MEC/CAPES de auxilio financeiro a Editoracao de 2014 apresenta alteracoes importantes em relacao a dos anos anteriores, notadamente, ao solicitar informacoes dos periodicos sobre aspectos de internacionalizacao como, por exemplo, membros de corpo editorial, autores e avaliadores que sao oriundos de instituicoes estrangeiras.E importante destacar que a ANPAD, por sua posicao de lideranca na comunidade cientifica das areas de administracao e contabilidade, ja havia antecipado a necessidade por internacionalizacao de seus periodicos. Assim, a ANPAD, desde 2013, tem contatado as principais editoras internacionais, com isso, visando discutir estrategias de internacionalizacao e negociar propostas de editoracao, hosting e veiculacao dos periodicos da associacao.E importante ressaltar que cada periodico deve seguir seus objetivos e posicionamento. Nem todo periodico nacional tem razoes para migrar para uma plataforma internacional. Alem da questao de custos financeiros, ha aspectos relacionados a mudanca de fluxo editorial, capacitacao da equipe em novos sistemas de submissao, etc.Adicionalmente, ha revistas que tem um direcionamento ao publico-leitor nacional e, portanto, os beneficios marginais da associacao com editoras internacionais seriam pouco substanciais. Em contrapartida, ha revistas que apresentam um escopo regional, mas que publicam artigos que sao de interesse da comunidade internacional. Assim, esse momento de mudanca traz tambem a necessidade de que cada periodico reflita sobre seu escopo, seu objetivo e seu posicionamento.Os editores dos periodicos da ANPAD entendem que o conhecimento cientifico gerado pela comunidade e submetido as suas revistas possui apelo junto a comunidade internacional. Nesse contexto, propostas estao sendo avaliadas com o objetivo de verificar a viabilidade tecnico-financeira de disponibilizar os periodicos da ANPAD em plataformas das grandes editoras internacionais.Como o plano da CAPES e financiar, inicialmente, por meio de seu programa, cerca duas revistas por area, iniciativas que andem em paralelo sao importantes e, dessa forma, os periodicos da ANPAD continuam a prospeccao de alternativas que deem maior visibilidade internacional a seus artigos. Competir em uma arena global e desafiador, porem os beneficios da internacionalizacao sao compensadores.A internacionalizacao dos periodicos nacionais esta ainda em estagio incipiente, mas, para os principais periodicos de cada area, e um processo inevitavel. Nesse sentido, os periodicos da ANPAD estao buscando tornar maior a influencia da ciencia brasileira na teoria e nas praticas globais de gestao.