Showing papers in "Rae-revista De Administracao De Empresas in 1990"

O que faz o brasil, Brasil?

Abstract: Jamais ouvi do; um japones, de um canadense ou de um norte-americano nem mesmo a mais leve indicacao de se considerarem patricios de Deus. Entretanto, quantas vezes ouvi brasileiros expressarem de forma inequivoca essa ideia! Num livro intitulado Expllffat;oes: Ensaios de Sociologia Interpretatiua, Roberto Daivlatta, antropologo brasileiro que tao bem tem captado as peculiaridades de nossa sociedade, analisa essa nocao, lembrando que Deus e concebido como ideal de totalidade, totalidade que so se pode pensar a partir das divisoes infinitas nas quais o universo se apresenta, totalidade que, no caso brasileiro, so pode ser pensada como integracao de dimensoes bastante separadas, como a rua, a casa e o "outro mundo", integracao que concilie o alto e o baixo, o forte e o fraco, o Estado, a sociedade e o cidadao, a lei e a vida, o amigo e a autoridade, o u caxias" e o malandro. Em casa, junto aos familiares, padrinhos e amigos, vivo no conforto das relacoes pessoais, num mundo em que devo e recebo favores, no qual devo e me devem respeito, afeto e distincao. Na rua, ninguem me deve nada, eu e os demais cooperamos e competimos por recursos escassos sob o primado das regras, das leis e das normas das instituicoes da vida economica e profissional O que nao acho em casa, procuro na rua. E se nao acho nem em casa, nem na rua? Sendo brasileiro, e provavel que procure no "outro mundo", rezando, fazendo promessas, indo as igrejas, terreiros ou casas abertas aos aflitos em geral. E bem possivel que eu va a todos eles, que chame Nossa Senhora da Conceicao de Iemanja ou Iemanja de Nossa Senhora da Conceicao. A especificidade da cultura brasileira nao esta na separacao entre as diversas esperas da vida, mas sim em sua integracao. Com frequencia, o Pai, no misterio da Santissima Trindade, e associado a lei e a impessoalidade, o Filho, a humanidade e ao pessoal e, ensina a Igreja Catolica, o Espirito Santo e o amor que os une. Essa ideia de Deus e fascinante, ao exibir totalidade e diferenca, fazendo do amor o cimento que relaciona Pai e Filho. A sociedade brasileira tambem se pensa dessa forma: divisao e relacao. Para compreender a cultura de nossa sociedade, e preciso compreender que "o relacionar" e fundamental. De modo mais sistematico, numa linguagem a cujo sortilegio e dificil resistir e igualmente dificil nao compreender, mesmo desconhecendo antropologia, Roberto DaMatta explora esse e outros temas em O que faz o Brasil, Brasil? Dilfdl tambem e nao concordar com a tese da lmJ?OIII!!.bilidade de compreender o Brasil a partir de uma unica causa ou principio social. O que torna o

Riding the waves of change - developing managerial competencies for a turbulent world

Abstract: para fins de avaliação do retorno ou do custo. Mesmo assim~ acredito que os capítulos 12 e 13 são os melhores do ponto de vista prático. Eles mostram o cálculo por índices de despesas e outros métodos determinantes da filosofia de armazenagem, Outro uso de matemática está no capítulo 4, onde filas de espera e grau de atendimento (serviço) são mostrados de maneira clara (pág. 110), mas sem dedução, o que seria supérfluo neste livro. Os capítulos do livro são: 1) Introdução à Armazenagem 2) Logística e Distribuição Física 3) Os Materiais e os Inventários 4) Planejamento Físico do Armazém 5) Recebimento e Expedição 6) Sistemas de Estocagem 7) Sistemas de localização do Estoque 8) Separação de Pedidos 9) Layout de Armazém lO) Computadores na Armazenagem 11) Layout do Armazém com Auxílio do Computador 12) Dimensionamento de Espaços 13) Custos de Armazenagem 14) Manutenção e Treinamento 15) Avaliação de Alternativas e Auditoria Reinaldo de Moura é um dos maiores especialistas da área de logistíca no Brasil. Tem experiência internacional, princípalmente no Japão e lidera eficiente grupo de consultores no l/viAM, do qual é presidente. A prática do autor é que é transmitida da melhor maneira nos inúmeros pontos onde tal é necessário., nas instalações e equipamentos; estudados, planejados e instalados. Como livro-texto, há necessidade de complementação, em cursos de pós-graduação, principalmente. Em cursos de extensão, basta o livro acompanhado de filmes ou VC, ou ainda catálogos e slides. De qualquer maneira, a alta importância da contribuição de Reinaldo de Moura não pode ser subt:~stimada; pois escrever sozinho livros de 350 páginas no Brasil é urna operação sem retorno imediato. O livro, portanto, pode ser lido com proveito por todos que usam a logística no dia a dia1 mesmo sem esse nome explícito. A definição de logística se encontra na página 27 do livro. Os usuários devem compreender os grupos de técnicos e executivos de transportes, compras, almoxarifados, armazéns~ mercadologia e produção. Ótima apresentação gráfica. Lembro-me de ter resenhado o livro sobre sistemas e técnicas de movimentação e armazenagem há bem uns 10 anos, do mesmo autor, e considerado o trahall1o dele brilhante. Não modifiquei minha opinião, após leitura deste volume e adoção dele em alguns cursos, • RIDlNG THE WAVES OF CHANGE • DEVELOPING MANAGERIAL COMPETENCIES FOR A TURBULENT WORLD

Motivação: mitos, crenças e mal-entendidos

Abstract: Se no âmbito das especulacoes puramente intelectuais, o fenomeno da motivacao nao parece apresentar maiores dificuldades, no dominio concreto do conhecimento pratico, uma confusao generalizada instalou-se ha muito, nao permitindo que progressos significativos sejam feitos por aqueles que buscam eficacia no dia a dia de trabalho dentro das organizacoes. Trata-se da confusao entre aquilo que se deve chamar de "pura reacao" (condicionamento) e o que deve ser reconhecido como "motivacao autentica". Este artigo tem como objetivo delimitar o dominio de cada um desses fenomenos tao heterogeneos, mostrando, em particular, quais sao as formas de comportamento definidas pela psicologia como o resultado da acao das variaveis extrinsecas ao individuo e que, pelo simples fato de o induzirem a acao, foram erroneamente consideradas como tipicas da verdadeira motivacao.

Valor patrimonial: usos, abusos e conteúdo informacional

Abstract: This paper discusses the use of book value per share in investment analysis in the Brazilian equities markets. The concept of book value per share is first discussed on the basis of the generally accepted notion of value in the modem theory of Finance, that is, present value of future cash flows, and we refer to some of its uses in the Brazilian contexto We then move on to test the significance of the information content of book value per share, by measuring the magnitude of market price reactions to news of changes in book value per share. The results reported in this paper indica te a lack of significance in the information content of book value per share, an evidence of rational behavior by market participants. We perceived some antecipation by the market to the news of financiai statement submission to the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange.

Aprendendo com o "Ohnoísmo" (produção flexível em massa): lições para o Brasil

Abstract: "Ohnoism" has overcome fordism-taylorism as an industrial production method and philosophy and has become the worldwide dominant paradigm. Many companies in Brazil have started the change process towards this new system, but many incorrect views about it still prevail. In this paper we present "Ohnoism" basic features, some of its most important misinterpretations and suggest some basic steps to be followed upon implementing this new system.

Sazonalidades do IBOVESPA

Abstract: This study examines the day-of-the-week and the month-of-the-year eftects in the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange lndex (IBOVESPA). The observed day-of-the-week eftect was similar to the U.S. stock market, showing low returns on Mondays and high returns on Fridays.

Além do sucedâneo da motivação

Abstract: The image of how people function in or-ganizations underlying current theories about motiva-tion inside organizations is contradicted by the au-thor's experience of how people actually behave. Thisled him to criticise both concept of motivation and itstheoretically unsatisfactory basis as being contrary to reality.The argument in this article uses a metacriticalapproach, viewing the concept of motivation and rela-ted theories as scientific inventions. The author's hy-pothesis is that motivation is a surrogate for meaningin work and life, something which has desappearedmore and more in modern business concerns as a re-sult offragmentation and splitting of work. The searchfor a new interpretation of meaning can only be sue-cessful if social scientists, managers and workers rea-lize that death is a reality of life: humanization is onlypossible ifhuman mortality is taken into consideration.KEY TERMS: motivation, splitting, life, mortality,humanization, motivational theory, job specialization.

O retardamento da montagem final de produtos como estratégia de marketing e distribuição

Abstract: The decision to assemble products for shipment to warehouses and retail stores is typically based on a sales forecast. This article advocates that substantial savings in transportation and inventory carrying costs can be achieved by delaying product assembly until after a customer arder is received. This delay, known as postponement, is also a lasting source of competitive advantage because firms are able to ofter customers a broader assortment of models, package sizes, and colors for its products. The article first distinguishes between four types of postponement and then points to research results which suggest managerial guidelines for the identification and implementation of postponement opportunities. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the application of the postponement.

Capacitação tecnológica e processo de trabalho: comparação entre o modelo japonês e o brasileiro

Abstract: Technological development is being mentioned as a key factor for the recovery of Brazil's economic growth. This article presents and discusses the issue of technological capability at firm's level, pointing to the management of technology learning as the key factor in this process. Case studies prepared in Brazilian and Japanese firms are presented. One observes that the management of learning is a strategic element of the Japanese management system. This is seldom observed in the management practices of Brazilian firms.

Narcisismo e liderança: uma perspectiva de relações de objetos

Abstract: Problems concerning leadership and personality features of leaders, despite ali the research already conducted, still deserve further study. According to the authors of this article, the feature shared by most leaders is their ability to arouse primary emotions like: strong identifications or rejections, love and hate, helping or obstructing the administra tive task. What makes a leader pathologicaly destructive or very inspiring? The degree of narcisism kept by each leader's personality and its origin are the main elements that establish the different leadership styles.

A questão dos objetivos nas organizações

Abstract: The aim of this article is to discuss the nature of what is known as organizational goals, that is, what they are, which factors determine them and what impact they may have on organizations and society. The discussion of these questions is done within each of five broad theoretical perspectives. The limitations and the advances of each perspective are pointed out as an attempt to sistematize the debate and to contribute for the building of a model of analysis in the future. It is expected that the theoretical elements of the debate on this legitima te area of research may be also useful for the understanding of the internal dynamic of organizations and the relationships between these and society.

Buscando a renovação: a nova onda administrativa

Abstract: Seminal books of the early eighties, Peters and Waterman's In Search Df Excellence and Kanter's The Change Masters set in train what the author describes as a new wave of management theory This article explores its development in the late 1980s, the distinctiveness of the new wave, and the role of social science within it The new wave is characterized by its emphasis on: a) maintaining high performance through "learning to love change" and the achievement of excellence through continuai renewal; b) a bias to action and fostering new attitudes through senior management's actions, as opposed to the more long-term soul-searching strategy of organizational developments; and c) prescriptions for organizational forms which are flatter, less hierarchical and rigid than the previously dominant bureaucratic form

Características motivacionais nas empresas brasileiras

Abstract: This article deals with the main findings of a study about motivational behavior conducted at 250 Brazilian organizations. Evidence is that each person's individual characteristics aftect the degree to which motivational variables may be reflected on observable behavior. The main approach presents externai stimuli as not strong enough to influence the direction of motivational behavior. It has not been found any possible relationship between the style of motivational behavior and environment variables.

Eficácia da administração pública: imposição democrática

Abstract: The present study discusses the need of increasing public administration efficiency in order to guarantee democratic gains. It considers the evaluation process a privileged instrument for getting better results while presenting a model of three dimensions: a) analytic, which searches for the understanding of both the macrosocial and microsocial variables that influence public administration performance; b) instrumental, which facilitates the decision-making process; c) prescriptive, which proposes actions that aim the achievement of better results, specially in the field of democratization.

A sociometria na administração de recursos humanos

Abstract: This study explores the sociometric test applied to a group of 49 individuais, recently admitted by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-EMBRAPA, with a view to aiding the integration process of these new employees within the organization. The analysis focalizes on three group structures, by means of which one can observe the first interpersonalrelations occurring within the new group, how they may be restructured and the probable leaders for work situations.

Implantação e consolidação de um pólo tecnológico: o caso de São José dos Campos

Abstract: The city of Sao Jose dos Campos is one of the most important examples of technological and industrial development center of Brazil. The reason is the interaction among teaching, research and industry, keeping the particularities of each activitie and each maturation period. Evidence has shown that the effort of many people and institutions interested in concentrating the capability of the aerospacial and military sectors in the city resulted on the creation and consolidation of a kind of Technological Park that has been discussed on the specialized literature. This article analyses the mechanisms that lead this city into the present stage of development and discusses the process of transformation of research into technological innovation.

Novas tecnologias e a questão do gênero: a automação e as secretárias

Abstract: Women have been pointed out as the most affected group by the new technologies based on microelectronics. The object of this paper is to make a preliminary analysis of how automation has affected toomen's employment in the city of Sao Paulo. The secretaries were chosen beca use their job is considered a female one and it has been automated in a large scale in the tertiary sector.

Qualidade, estrutura de mercado e mudança tecnológica

Abstract: This paper concerns quality from both a market and a technical point of view. The market view refers to the fitness for use, and the technical one refers to the conformance of product with its requirements. We present the main quality approaches and its dimensions. First, we seek to understand quality - as a dimension of competitive strategy - in relation to the types of market structure and product difterentiation. Second, we approach quality - as a technical ability - in relation to the technological change processo .In its last approach quality is presented as an element of the optimizing technical change, being the result of improvement evolution.

Novas indústrias e desenvolvimento tecnológico

Abstract: Data concerning the structuring of activities and of manpower, of a group of manufacturing organizations, as well as the entrepreneurs' perceptlon of their environment, are used to assess the ablllty of a new generation of entrepreneurs to pull tecnological innovation. It is suggested that the economic changes underway in these last decades of the XX century are not detached from transformations in the social and political spheres. Scientific and technological knowl edge are understood as criticai resources which can only be pursued through the conscious will of social actors. Third World countries do not need to undergo the paths of the developed countries, but to search for a self sustained development that must cut out for the natural resources and social milieu in each case.

Pode não ser este recurso o que te falta

Abstract: Improving one's technology is not only desirable but also fundamental. But it so happens that technology is only one of the four resources available to the business manager. A correct trade of! between materiais, manpower, information and technology is required if the aim is productivity, competitiveness and profit. There is always a "cheaper" resource, and the alert manager uses it more intensively than the others, to his or her advantage.

Os Sistemas Especialistas em gestão no Brasil: um desafio

Abstract: This article discusses the potential benefits of using Expert Systems -ES- to help manage Brazilian organizations. It emphasizes the main issues and challenges of the implementation of ES in the beginning of the next decade. It also stresses the organizational and technological peculiarities of the Brazilian environment.

Avaliação de treinamento e desenvolvimento (T&D): uma função em busca de respostas

Abstract: This paper reflects on central interrogations formulated by specialists in T&D providing replies derived from an organizational approach to theproblem. It deals with the question of the efficiency of training and development by discussing some important points relating to the nature of the activity and its evaluation. It outlines a revision of the basic positionsof the modem theory of organizations in its systemiccontingencial version. It reveals a questioning moment in which theoretical-conceptual frameworks gain importance as a basis for reflection to guide a practice consistent with the perfectioning of ihe performance of T&D function.

Círculos de controle de qualidade: um estudo de caso no Brasil e uma avaliação da experiência francesa

Abstract: O presente artigo apresenta, inicialmente, um estudo de caso e a respectiva avaliacao do processo de implantacao de CCQs em uma filial brasileira de empresa multinacional. Na segunda parte do trabalho, relata-se a experiencia francesa recente de incorporacao dos circulos de qualidade ao processo de organizacao do trabalho, em doze grandes empresas, pesquisadas e avaliadas por Francoise Chevalier, em um periodo de cinco anos (1980-85).

Onde nascem os prejuízos

Abstract: This article explains the influence of the fixed operational costs and expenses in obtaining the operational profit and its stabilization. It also covers the analysis of the financiaI expenses and its impact in obtaining the net profit and its stabilization. The authors analyze the concepts and the calculations of leverage ratios (operational, [inancial and total) and suggest some changes in the presentation of profit and loss statements that are used in Brazil (in accordance with law 6404). The objective of these changes is to provide a better understanding in the economic analysis of companies (especially the ones traded in the stock exchange) and permit an easier way to calculate the leverage ratios by insiders as well as outsiders of the company.

O impacto do programa de incentivos ao treinamento nas empresas

Abstract: This article evaluates the programme of fiscal incentives for training introduced in Brazil in 1976. Models from economic and organization theory are reuietoed and related to the provision of training by emplouers. Field work was conducted in 1983 in 44 beneficiary firms in II variety of industrial sectors in Souihern Brazil. A follow up of eight cases was undertaken in 1985. The resulte suggest that the programme has increased the number of firms providing training. But has not increased the volume of training in firms w hich previously provided it. The total volume of t raining stimulated was nevertheless smaller than the government resources invested.

Notas sobre a avaliação quantitativa do custo e resultado do treinamento de gerentes pelo método Wicks-Yewdall

Abstract: Training-evaluation has been examined in depth in a recent special issue of RAE. Upon feeling that a quantitative evaluation method was missing the author describes the Wicks- Yewdall method which optimizes training expenditure for large enterprises. Otherwise there are personal opinions and some ideas of managers about the evaluation of training.