Showing papers in "Rae-revista De Administracao De Empresas in 2004"

Campanha de prevenção do câncer bucal em Araraquara: uma iniciativa de extensão consolidada em 11 anos de experiência

Abstract: The authors present the Annual Oral Cancer Campaign of Araraquara promoted by the Oral Medicine Service of the Araraquara Dental School – UNESP. This campaign is an extension activity which, since its beginning, in 1993, has been expanding.The campaign provides background for teaching and research as well as benefits to the regional community. In 1999 this activity was conducted, for the first time, in a public fair visited daily for thousands people. This opportunity, which started in 1999, promoted the expansion of benefits and contributed to legitimate the campaign as an authentic extramural extension activity.

Alinhando estratégia e competências

Abstract: Competence, as a new concern among academics and practitioners, is being focused according to distinct conceptual approaches and applied to different facets of the organizational reality. Clearly, this creates the demand for the development of a theoretical model through which those distinct concepts might be integrated and applied to a better understanding of the organizational dynamics as well as an enhanced utilization of organizational development propositions. The following questions require clear answers for that model building process: What to say about the dynamic relationship between organizational competences and competitive strategies? In the case of the formation of productive chains would there be differences in the construction of competences in companies situated in different levels? What would be the implications for Human Resources Management? The theoretical model that was developed to provide support to the answering process, was empirically tested in a field research conducted among firms in the Telecommunications industry.

A crítica da gestão da diversidade nas organizações

Abstract: This paper critically analyses diversity management in organizations as an inherent part of technocratic ideology, which aims to displace the treatment of social inequality from the political instance to the human resources management of companies. From the analysis of the international and national literature on the subject it is discovered that diversity management has emerged as a response of North American managers to the affirmative action policies of the 1960´s and 1970´s. This literature advocates that diversity management is more effective to deal with social inequalities because it is based on meritocracy and makes achievable to reach economic benefits both to individuals and companies. The transplantation of these practices into the Brazilian context, on the other hand, bumps into a complication in terms of their adoption face to the myth of the Brazilian racial democracy, which masks prejudice and gets in tension with the ideology of diversity management.

A gestão de competências gerenciais e a contribuição da aprendizagem organizacional

Abstract: This article analyses the main concepts, principles and practices of organizational learning as a way of managing managerial competencies based on the individual reality of each organization. It is an exploratory research that is developed, based on case studies in six companies (three Brazilian and three Australian). The results point out the importance of informal practices and the need to establish an articulated strategy, which regard to managerial competencies management. The significant experiences related by the managers interviewed point out organizational practices and practices that have occurred outside of the companies. It also highlights the constructive importance of a social conscience. The main elements of organizational learning that represent a potential contribution for the managerial competencies management refer to the interactive matters between people (reflections that privilege the collective), process vision (continuous development) and the emphasis on the pragmatic matter (practices at work).

Estratégia após o modernismo: recuperando a prática

Abstract: This article identifies an opportunity for European researchers to develop a more practice-sensitive research programme for strategy OEafter modernism‚. Strategy‚s intellectual lock-in on modernist detachment and economic theory can now be relaxed. Strategy can draw also on the rich resources of sociology to engage more directly with strategy as a social practice. This article outlines elements of a double agenda for strategy research after modernism: first, a sociological agenda concerned with understanding strategy‚s elites, its skills and its technologies, and their implications for society as a whole; second, a managerial agenda, turning this sociological understanding to practical advantage in terms of how managers become strategists, how strategy skills are acquired and how strategy technologies can be better designed and used. The article considers implications for research methods and the Mintzbergian tradition in strategy.

Pesquisa em gestão de recursos humanos nos anos 1990: um estudo bibliométrico

Abstract: Neste artigo e usada analise bibliometrica para entender a influencia de autores e instituicoes na producao academica em Recursos Humanos no Brasil na decada de 1990, bem como para mapear o comportamento de auto-citacoes e citacoes a propria instituicao dos autores que produziram no periodo. O estudo levantou, nos 290 artigos de RH publicados na decada de 1990 (1991 a 2000) nos anais do Enanpad, a constituicao, origem e padrao de interrelacao de todas as citacoes, autores e instituicoes que publicaram e foram citados na area. No total, analisou-se os padroes bibliometricos de 5.814 citacoes, que compreendiam 342 autores, advindos de 51 instituicoes. Os resultados mostram uma area com alto indice de auto-citacao e endogenia, e com uma elevada incidencia de citacao de jornais, revistas e autores estrangeiros e nao academicos. O artigo termina oferecendo ao campo sugestoes para desenvolvimento e debate, a partir dos seus resultados e sua comparacao com trabalhos anteriores analisando a mesma base amostral.

Pensando e agindo estrategicamente: novos desafios para a análise estratégical

Abstract: Este artigo estabelece uma postura critica e analitica em relacao as abordagens baseadas em microatividades para se entender a estrategia. Argumenta-se que tais abordagens trazem desafios teoricos e empiricos importantes. Argumenta-se tambem contra a tendencia ao reducionismo, sem igual enfase nas influencias contextuais que configuram a estrategia em um nivel micro. Finalmente, o artigo defende uma abordagem mais internacional e comparativa para os estudos da estrategia em um nivel micro. This paper takes a critical and evaluative stance toward micro-activity-based approaches to understanding strategy. It argues that such approaches bring with them important theoretical and empirical challenges. The paper argues against a tendency to reductionism without equal emphasis to the contextual influences that bound micro-strategising. Finally, the paper argues for a more international and comparative approach to micro-strategy studies than has currently been the case.

Comprometimento organizacional em organizações autentizóticas: um estudo luso-brasileiro

Abstract: Este artigo tem o objetivo de mostrar como as percepcoes dos individuos acerca de seis caracteristicas organizacionais autentizoticas - espirito de camaradagem, credibilidade do superior, comunicacao aberta com o superior, oportunidades de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento pessoal, equidade e conciliacao trabalho-familia - explicam tres dimensoes do comprometimento organizacional. Na primeira fase, replicou-se estudo anterior, realizado em Portugal, com o objetivo de operacionalizar o construto das organizacoes autentizoticas. Na segunda fase, realizaram-se estudos confirmatorios, em Portugal e no Brasil. A evidencia empirica salienta as boas propriedades psicometricas do construto e mostra como as variaveis autentizoticas explicam o comprometimento, sobretudo o componente afetivo. As dimensoes autentizoticas mais relevantes sao o espirito de camaradagem, a credibilidade do superior e as oportunidades de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento pessoal.

A maquina estrategica: fundamentos epistemologicos e desenvolvimentos em curso

Abstract: This paper engages with the epistemological foundations of and current developments in the canon of strategic management. The Cartesian underpinnings of strategy are explored; the assumptions of orthodox strategic management are critiqued; the concerns of the practice perspective are reviewed; and, finally, an agenda for extending the study of ‘strategy as practice’ is outlined.

Vantagem competitiva: o construto e a métrica

Abstract: Despite ubiquitous in strategy and related fields, the concept of competitive advantage continues to be under debate in the academy still lacking a precise and widely accepted definition A manifestation of this situation is the current debate about its philosophical grounds, and the questioning of its own existence This paper offers a constitutive definition that allows an operationalization of the concept and the development of metric for the competitive advantage This metric is applied to a sample of 2,805 firms in 16 countries, with a total of 13,259 observations The analysis indicates the occurrence of competitive advantage in 10% to 12% of the firms with a similar percentage showing a competitive disadvantage It demonstrates that the occurrence of competitive advantage is not a rare event A statistical test is proposed to verify its statistical significance

Compra compulsiva e a influência do cartão de crédito

Abstract: Este artigo investiga a influencia do cartao de credito sobre o comportamento de compra compulsiva entre jovens. A compra compulsiva e um estado de descontrole que visa a minimizar sentimentos negativos. Nesse contexto, o cartao de credito pode ser um elemento impulsionador de compras que podem ter como possiveis consequencias a geracao de dividas e problemas de relacionamentos. O estudo analisou tal comportamento entre jovens universitarios, a partir de uma pesquisa de campo. Os resultados sugerem que, na amostra, os jovens com propensao a compulsividade usam o cartao de credito de forma mais intensa. Sugere-se que as organizacoes envolvidas nao negligenciem a questao da compra compulsiva e que suas responsabilidades sejam discutidas.

Gerenciando relacionamentos colaborativos com fornecedores

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss the importance of trust and the effect of specific assets investments over collaborative relationships with suppliers, and also to discuss the moderating effect of the information network on such joint actions. As theoretical foundations, we use transaction cost economics, network perspectives and marketing. In order to verify our four hypothesis, we collected information from the wholesalers and other merchant-distributors in the Dutch flower industry. The results suggest that buyers temper their specific investments to the degree of joint action according to the information that is obtained in the network. The degrees of trust, specific investments and the information from the network facilitate the coordination of a buyer-supplier relationship.

O FENÔMENO DOS MPAs BRASILEIROS: HIBRIDISMO, DIVERSIDADE E TENSÕES

Abstract: Na decada de 1990, os programas de MBA - Master in Business Administration - ganharam solida reputacao e expandiram-se para alem das fronteiras norte-americanas. No Brasil, o movimento ganhou forca com o crescimento vigoroso do ensino profissionalizante de gestao. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e analisar, sob uma perspectiva critica, o fenomeno dos Mestrados Profissionais em Administracao (MPAs) brasileiros. Para tracar um retrato do fenomeno, realizamos pesquisa bibliografica e documental, e entrevistas com coordenadores e pessoas-chave dos principais programas locais. Apesar de eventualmente classificados como MBAs, os MPAs apresentam caracteristicas que os diferenciam do modelo norteamericano. Ao buscar responder ao contexto socioeconomico e as restricoes regionais, cada um deles seguiu rotas proprias, o que gerou um quadro marcado pela diversidade. Acreditamos que o fenomeno que este artigo descreve e analisa possa contribuir para o debate em curso sobre o ensino de Administracao.

Orientação para o mercado, porte empresarial e performance

Abstract: Many authors agree that the market orientation is necessary condition, but not enough to sustain a competitive advantage in the long term. So, this article presents details of a cross-sectional survey that empirically verified the influence of market orientation and organization size on organizational performance, considering the companies of the Brazilian electro-electronic industry. The results, found with the application of structural equations modeling technique, pointed out for a more expressive influence of the market orientation on organizational performance when compared to the influence of organization size. Basically, was noticed that association with performance is more solid to market orientation than to organizational size.

Efeitos de treinamento nos desempenhos individual e organizacional

Abstract: O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um metodo para identificar efeitos de treinamento nos desempenhos dos individuos e da organizacao, combinacao ainda rara na literatura cientifica. Foi realizado no Banco do Brasil, com 218 profissionais que fizeram um MBA em Marketing. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e questionarios de auto e heteroavaliacao. Nos questionarios foi avaliada a contribuicao do treinamento para a melhoria do desempenho individual e organizacional, e o suporte a transferencia de treinamento. Nas entrevistas foram levantados indicadores de melhoria do desempenho organizacional para os maiores impactos percebidos pelos respondentes. Os resultados indicam que, para a maioria dos desempenhos individuais e organizacionais, o impacto percebido do treinamento foi avaliado entre bom e otimo. A metodologia utilizada foi considerada adequada para a identificacao de melhorias nos desempenhos organizacionais, percebidos como os mais afetados pelo treinamento. Tambem foram discutidas implicacoes metodologicas, teoricas e perspectivas futuras.

Crise em estratégia: fragmentação, integração ou síntese

Abstract: The strategy field is replete with competing prescriptions and directives with regard to successful performance. Although integration should be pursued more vigorously from an academic standpoint, in this paper it is argued that real progress in the strategy field requires synthesis. Attempts at integration often lead to theoretical frameworks that are relatively disconnected from urgent problems in strategic management. In escaping this fragmentation–integration dilemma, several avenues for strategy synthesis are provided. Synthesis does not attempt to develop a single paradigm consisting of universal concepts and laws covering the entire strategic management field. Instead it is anchored in a few clusters of strategic management problems: drawing firm boundaries, developing dynamic capabilities, and finding viable strategy configurations. They are essential future directions in strategy synthesis.

O fetiche da mudança

Abstract: This paper is a polemical critique of the current orthodoxy that the world is changing at an ever faster rate, that organizations must adapt to this change in order to survive, and that change management techniques enable organizations to do this. There is no basis to evaluate the proposition that we face unprecedented rates of change, and change is not something to which organizations must respond, but is instead an outcome of organizational actions. Change management initiatives are largely failures, and the usual explanations for these failures are inadequate.

Mudanças no ensino em administração: novas estratégias para o século XXI

Abstract: We examine strategic options for business schools, noting that within the next 10–20 years, major changes in the demand and supply of education are likely. Management educators need to develop careful strategies that consider the drivers of change such as globalization, disruptive technologies, demographic shifts, and deregulation. We compare industry transformations in healthcare, financial services, and the airlines with the developing situation in management education; suggest changes to strategic elements of management education industry, such as its primary markets, products, and partnerships; and discuss the implications of such changes.

Relacionamentos colaborativos em redes de suprimentos

Abstract: Algumas das tendencias recentes relacionadas as praticas de gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos - como outsourcing estrategico, diferenciacao e especializacao de funcoes, arranjos colaborativos, ampliacao e incremento dos niveis de servicos logisticos - estao sendo impulsionadas por empresas interessadas em otimizar a coordenacao logistica em um cenario de crescente customizacao e complexidade no mundo dos negocios. As estrategias de segmentacao de fornecedores e clientes no contexto da cadeia de suprimentos representam uma oportunidade para estimular ambientes colaborativos e incrementar, assim, a qualidade dos servicos e produtos oferecidos aos clientes finais, bem como reduzir os custos produtivos e logisticos. Neste artigo, defende-se a ideia de que as estrategias de segmentacao em determinados regimes (parceria e quase-mercado) definem a infra-estrutura relacional adequada para suportar praticas colaborativas nas transacoes entre os agentes economicos e, consequentemente, favorecer os padroes de competitividade de empresas e cadeias de suprimento.

A exaltação do trabalho: o poder pastoral e a ética do trabalho na Nova Era

Abstract: This paper seeks to establish the contours of the popular workplace spirituality discourse through analysis of academic and practitioner texts and accounts of organizational practice. We identify several themes, drawing attention to potential contradictions in the notions of meaning, measurement and community, which the discourse seeks to promote. In seeking to understand the means whereby it is embodied as a source of administrative power we draw on a range of historical and contemporary organizational examples, illustrating how pastoral power is reinforced through the construction of disciplinary technologies. We argue that the workplace spirituality discourse shares Weber’s acceptance of the structural conditions of capitalism and seeks to resolve the dilemmas this creates for the individual through developing an inner sense of meaning and virtue. In this respect, it represents a revival of the Protestant ethics in a way that involves re-visioning the ambivalent relationship between self and organisation. We conclude that the “social ethic” has given way to a New Age work ethic, which relies on the management of individual metaphysics as a source of organizational, as well as personal, transformation.

Interfaces das mudanças hospitalaresna ótica da enfermeira-gerente

Abstract: O atual contexto de transformacao e instabilidade social e economica implica profundas reestruturacoes nos hospitais. Tendo em vista as mudancas observadas nessas organizacoes e a ocupacao de cargos gerenciais por enfermeiras, este estudo de natureza qualitativa buscou: caracterizar as principais mudancas em hospitais privados de medio e grande porte de Belo Horizonte; identificar os determinantes internos e externos a organizacao que influenciam os modelos de gestao; e conhecer os principais fatores que interferem no cotidiano das gerentes. Foram estudados 19 hospitais e entrevistadas 29 enfermeiras em cargos gerenciais. Os resultados indicam mudancas estruturais, estrategicas, culturais, tecnologicas, humanas e politicas. Os modos de gestao foram influenciados pela dinâmica organizacional, pela formacao profissional das gerentes e pelas especificidades da funcao gerencial. O Sistema Unico de Saude foi apontado como o principal fator externo que interfere na organizacao. O cotidiano das gerentes foi influenciado por fatores organizacionais e fatores profissionais.

Competências profissionais e modernidade organizacional: coerência ou contradição?

Abstract: This article investigates, by means of a field research involving the application of 220 questionnaires, the perception of telecommunication postgraduate students as well as of those who are posgraduating, about the demands for professional competencies and about the modernity level of the policies and practices of management of the organizations where they operate. As a theoretical reference, the approach to the organizational modernity (Eboli, 1996) as well as the review of competencies approaches done by Sant'anna (2002) were utilized. As for the results, a high level of demand was found for the professional competencies evaluated, that show a weak correlation with the degree of modernity organization, whose score are lower, showing that the demand for professionals, gifted with more and more comprehending competencies, has not been properly followed by modern policies and practices of management.

A formação de constelações: o caso da indústria global de transporte aéreo

Abstract: Constellations are alliances among multiple autonomous firms, such that these groups compete against each other in the same orsimilar industries for both clients and members. Airline carriers, in particular, have not only formed formal groupings in a multilateral fashion – which we call “explicit constellations” – but have also engaged in a web of bilateral ties configuring alternative groups of firms that have more bilateral ties to one another than to firms outside their group – which we call “implicit constellations”. We find that explicit constellations tend to grow by luring firms holding diverse resources and that are associated with key members through an implicit group. At the same time, members of an explicit group tend to create implicit associations with partners holding resources that are similar to their own resources, thereby creating a cluster of firms adjacent to the explicit constellation. Explicit associations also tend to exhibit more inertia over time than implicit ones, possibly due to the larger non-redeployable investments and contractual commitments required for the formation of explicit groups.

O gerenciamento do (terceiro) mundo

Abstract: This paper is about the relationship between management, a First World discipline, and the Third World Management is widely assumed to apply in organizations in modern or post-modern societies However a distinctive form of management, Development Administration and Management (DAM) exists and is applied to Third World nation-states: these are deemed in the First World to require modernization This article sets out the institutional and conceptual separation and crossover between management and DAM It then goes on to consider DAM in practice, demonstrating how it, and through it management, are complicit in neoliberal World Bank interventions in the Third World It concludes by reviewing the implications of DAM’s, and management’s, status as direct instruments of national level neoliberal change

A cidadania corporativa como uma orientação de marketing: um estudo no varejo

Abstract: O tema cidadania corporativa tem recebido substancial interesse a partir da ultima decada. Apesar disso, poucas pesquisas tem procurado investigar se a adocao de praticas consideradas socialmente responsaveis pode ser utilizada como um instrumento de marketing para as empresas. Sendo assim, realizou-se um estudo envolvendo 208 empresas do setor varejista com o proposito de investigar em que grau a adocao de praticas de cidadania corporativa impacta o comportamento dos clientes e funcionarios das organizacoes. A pesquisa e baseada em estudos de Maignan e Ferrell (2001a) e utiliza-se do modelo de Archie Carroll (1991) para a performance social corporativa em suas quatro dimensoes (economica, legal, etica e filantropica). Para atingir os objetivos propostos, foram utilizadas a analise do coeficiente de Pearson e a tecnica estatistica denominada analise de regressao multipla. Os resultados indicam que a adocao de praticas de cidadania corporativa impacta, fracamente, a lealdade dos clientes e mais fortemente o comprometimento dos funcionarios. Assim, pode-se afirmar que a cidadania corporativa pode ser utilizada como um instrumento de marketing interno e externo para as organizacoes.

O capital social das equipes empreendedoras nascentes

Abstract: O capital social tem sido considerado uma forca impulsionadora no surgimento e crescimento de novas organizacoes. Esta pesquisa investiga os efeitos do capital social sobre os projetos de empresas nascentes, conduzidos por equipes empreendedoras. Usando uma amostra de 33 equipes empreendedoras nascentes, o estudo explora: 1) a estrutura social interna da equipe, refletida pelos padroes de comunicacao e sentimentos entre seus membros; e 2) a estrutura social externa da equipe, refletida na diversidade de lacos que seus membros mantem com terceiros e que influencia no avanco de uma ideia para negocios. Concluiu-se que equipes com elevado capital social externo apresentam um desempenho superior, ao passo que os resultados empiricos nao sustentaram que o capital social interno seja melhor para o desempenho da equipe.

Análise do risco de insolvência pelo modelo de cox: uma aplicação prática

Abstract: A previsao de insolvencia e um fator importante para o sistema bancario e, por esse motivo, vem sendo estudada por varios autores. Com o intuito de corroborar esses estudos, este trabalho avaliou a situacao financeira das cooperativas de credito rural do Estado de Minas Gerais entre 1998 e 2001, buscando verificar se as mudancas que afetaram o sistema bancario apos o Plano Real tambem atingiram as cooperativas analisadas. Para avaliar o risco de insolvencia, utilizou-se o modelo de risco proporcional de Cox (Cox, 1972). Empregou-se o conceito de insolvencia como o de encerramento da cooperativa, patrimonio liquido negativo e/ou 40% de resultados finais negativos. Como resultado, verificou-se que, nas cooperativas analisadas, os indicadores importantes para avaliar o risco relativo de insolvencia foram os indices de "liquidez geral", "encaixe" e "despesa com pessoal". Apenas 1 cooperativa, entre as 107 pesquisadas, encontrava-se na faixa de risco de insolvencia determinada pelo modelo.