Showing papers in "Región y Sociedad in 2019"
TL;DR: In this article, the availability and use of information and communication technologies and the digital skills of students of the Intercultural Maya University of Quintana Roo were analyzed, and the results showed that young people use computers, internet, cell phones and social networks to meet school and social needs, in accordance with their economic conditions and available infrastructure.
Abstract: The objective of the article is to analyze the availability and use of information and communication technologies and the digital skills of students of the Intercultural Maya University of Quintana Roo. The methodology integrated focus groups, in-depth interviews, participant observation and a questionnaire. According to the results, most students use cell phones and internet for educational and leisure purposes; they handle data processors and basic connectivity tools. The limitation of the study is that it was based only on the results of the questionnaire. The findings show that young people use computers, internet, cell phones and social networks to meet school and social needs, in accordance with their economic conditions and available infrastructure. In addition, they have previous digital skills, historically marked by marginalization and educational and technological backwardness, but they appropriate technologies to participate in the digital era, increasingly present in rural and indigenous communities in Mexico.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze international return migration in the State of Mexico, knowledge returnees from the United States bring with them, how they are employed, restrictions they face and the means to overcome them.
Abstract: espanolEl objetivo de esta investigacion es analizar la migracion internacional de retorno en el Estado de Mexico, los conocimientos que traen consigo los retornados de Estados Unidos, la forma de emplearlos, las restricciones que enfrentan y los medios para superarlas. La informacion se deriva de entrevistas a profundidad con los migrantes retornados que residen en mas de 30 municipios mexiquenses, ubicados mediante la tecnica bola de nieve y las redes de amistad. Los hallazgos exhiben que los retornados cuentan con conocimientos laborales, academicos y habilidades, y que existe la necesidad urgente de implementar politicas publicas que favorezcan su insercion laboral en empleos y actividades productivas, que les permitan capitalizar los activos y las capacidades adquiridos en el extranjero. Segun los resultados, los conocimientos laborales, las habilidades y los activos productivos acumulados se pueden emplear para promover el desarrollo de las regiones a las que regresan los migrantes, en especial para mejorar sus condiciones de vida. EnglishThe objective of this research is to analyze international return migration in the State of Mexico, knowledge returnees from the United States bring with them, how they are employed, restrictions they face and the means to overcome them. Information is derived from in-depth interviews with returned migrants who reside in more than 30 municipalities in the State of Mexico, located using the snowball technique and the friendship networks. The findings show that returnees have working and academic knowledge, as well as skills, and there is an urgent need for implementing public policies which favor their labor integration in productive jobs and activities, enabling them to capitalize assets and capabilities acquired abroad. According to the results, accumulated labor knowledge, skills and productive assets can be used to promote the development of the regions to which migrants return, especially to improve their living conditions.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of human capital on the evolution of regional monetary poverty in Peru is investigated. But the authors focus on the economic aspect of the problem and do not consider the social aspects of the human capital.
Abstract: espanolEl objetivo del articulo es determinar la influencia del capital humano sobre la evolucion de la pobreza monetaria regional en Peru. En el marco de la teoria del capital humano, se postula que la acumulacion de este capital, aproximado por las variables de educacion y salud, contribuyo a reducir la magnitud de la pobreza mediante el crecimiento economico. Para ello se efectuaron estimaciones econometricas con el metodo de los minimos cuadrados ordinarios y las pruebas de heterocedasticidad, multicolinealidad y autocorrelacion. Los resultados indican que por cada ano mas de escolaridad alcanzado y por cada ano adicional en la esperanza de vida, el porcentaje de individuos en situacion de pobreza se redujo en 8.7 y 3.1 puntos respectivamente. El estudio se limito al analisis de la pobreza monetaria, y se hallo la relevancia del capital humano en la reduccion de esta en las regiones. EnglishThe aim of this article is to determine the influence of human capital on the evolution of regional monetary poverty in Peru. In the context of the human capital theory, it is postulated that accumulation of this capital, approximated by the education and health variables, contributed to reduce the extent of poverty through economic growth. For this purpose, econometric estimations were performed using the ordinary least squares method and the heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity and autocorrelation tests. The results show that for each additional year of schooling attained and for each additional year in life expectancy, the percentage of individuals living in poverty decreased by 8.7 and 3.1 points, respectively. The study, limited to the analysis of monetary poverty, found that human capital plays an important role in reducing regional poverty.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze how practices of environmental education are incorporated in a public elementary school and a private one in Tecate, Baja California, as well as the effects they have on students' environmental attitudes and behaviors through curricular environmentalization.
Abstract: The aim of the study is to analyze how practices of environmental education are incorporated in a public elementary school and a private one in Tecate, Baja California, as well as the effects they have on students’ environmental attitudes and behaviors through curricular environmentalization. The methodology consisted of semi-structured interviews with teachers and parents, and the integration of discussion groups with students. The results showed differences in the ways of incorporating these practices in the two schools; generally, attitudes and pro-environmental behaviors were similar in both schools, although their trajectories are different. As main findings are differences in organization, flexibility and educational method to integrate practices in schools. It follows that environmental attitudes and behaviors differ little in both schools, so it is necessary to develop more detailed techniques to analyze why this happens.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the capacity of Mexico's basin councils to manage water issues in its territory, particularly the case of the High Northwest Basin Council, was examined, and it was found that the National Water Commission controlled all matters relating to the high northwest basin Council and that scant social participation achieved is induced and promoted from above.
Abstract: This article examines the capacity of Mexico’s basin councils to manage water issues in its territory, particularly the case of the High Northwest Basin Council. For this purpose, the academic literature on the components of institutional capacity is revised, and variables for evaluating effectiveness at the local level are proposed; the content of councils’ legal framework is analyzed, and its scope and limitations are assessed. Although this framework is valid for evaluating public policy on this matter in Mexico, as well as the variables of the council studied, it is necessary to verify its generalization, corroborating it with other cases. It was found that the National Water Commission controls all matters relating to the High Northwest Basin Council, and that the scant social participation achieved is induced and promoted from above. It follows that Mexico’s basin councils lack authority to carry out water management.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze how the construction of the El Cajon dam, located on the Santiago River, in Nayarit, generated physical-environmental changes that modified the ways of life and livelihoods of a community.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the construction of the El Cajon dam, located on the Santiago River, in Nayarit, generated physical-environmental changes that modified the ways of life and livelihoods of a community. The study is based on documentary research, collection of direct information in the field through the ethnographic method, and analysis of qualitative variables. Evidence of the socio-environmental changes, tensions and conflicts experienced by the actors of the adjacent and external communities after the construction of major infrastructure projects is provided. The research is relevant because the hydrosocial territories approach used allowed to understand the reconfiguration of the water territory, and revealed productive changes and conflicts that arose after an exacerbated competition for commercial fishing resources. It follows that it is necessary to reformulate the compulsive government interventions that unleash this type of processes, which include the previous assessments and the mechanisms of restitution and social compensation.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show global and social conditions that frame Chiapas' agricultural production within the agricultural re-conversion programs context and their appropriateness within food sovereignty.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to show global and social conditions that frame Chiapas’ agricultural production within the agricultural re-conversion programs context and their appropriateness within food sovereignty. Revision of secondary resources and of Agrifood and Fisheries Information Service’s knowledge between 2003 and 2016 led to descriptive and comparative data about staple and strategic crops production. There is a tendency to point the way of production to a competitive level in order to incorporate it to global logic, which poorly reflect Chiapas producers’ reality and needs, especially from Frailesca, Metropolitana, Soconusco, and Meseta Comiteca. Public policies have not been suitable for local conditions hence cannot generate economic impulse or social development in these Chiapas’ regions. Recommendations concentrate on give impulse to food sovereignty as an exit rout to poverty, inequality and decline in food.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the functioning of the Nuntaha'yi agroecosystems in Ocozotepec, Vera Cruz, as well as the effect that the regulations imposed by the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve have on them.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the functioning of the Nuntaha’yi agroecosystems in Ocozotepec, Veracruz, as well as the effect that the regulations imposed by the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve have on them. The infield-outfield theoretical framework, direct observation, interviews, workshops and field trips were used for the analysis. The results show that limitations in the change of acahual vegetation and restrictions of use of the core zone have intensified the agroecosystems closest to the community (infield), and restricted the use of the territory in remote places and of difficult access (outfield). This causes that the landscape becomes homogeneous, unproductive and that the slash-and-burn system becomes unsustainable. The conclusion is that peasant and indigenous community management should be evaluated as a strategy to achieve sustainability, biodiversity conservation and long-term human support.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an ethnographic study was conducted to understand gender dynamics and distinction of men involved in Mexico's narco culture, finding that the identity term viejon occupies a dominant position in this field of dispute over masculinity because these practices are the desirable ones of belonging, awarding honor, respect and recognition.
Abstract: espanolEl objetivo de la investigacion fue comprender las dinamicas de genero y distincion de los hombres inmersos en la narcocultura de Mexico. Se utilizo el metodo etnografico: entrevistas en profundidad y observacion participante. Segun los resultados, en la narcocultura existe disputa sobre los significados de ser hombre y la masculinidad, que ponen en juego capitales economicos, belicos, sociales y simbolicos, centrados alrededor de un sentido del honor. El aporte del articulo es que los buchones son el objeto principal de estudio. Se concluye que el termino de identidad “el viejon” ocupa la posicion dominante en este campo de disputa masculina, pues sus practicas son las deseables del grupo de pertenencia y otorgan honor, respeto y reconocimiento. Los hallazgos se pueden aplicar para visibilizar los significados de admiracion que las industrias culturales y creativas otorgan al narcotrafico, para avanzar en la comprension del narcotraficante como figura carismatica, lo que posibilita el exito de dichas industrias que hacen apologia de la actividad. EnglishThe objective of the study was to understand gender dynamics and distinction of men involved in Mexico’s narco culture. The ethnographic method was used: in-depth interviews and participant observation. According to results, in narco culture there is a dispute over the meanings of being man and masculinity, putting economic, war, social and symbolic capitals into play, these focused around a sense of honor. The article’s contribution is that buchones are the main subject matter. It follows that the identity term viejon occupies a dominant position in this field of dispute over masculinity because these practices are the desirable ones of the group of belonging, awarding honor, respect and recognition. The findings can be applied in order to highlight the meanings of admiration that cultural and creative industries give to drug trafficking, so as to advance our understanding of the drug trafficker as a charismatic figure, which facilitates the success of these industries that make apologies for such activity.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of technological development of Coast of Hermosillo's agricultural system in Sonora, and its relation to the forms of integration of producers into national and global value chains are described.
Abstract: This paper describes the characteristics of technological development of Coast of Hermosillo’s agricultural system in Sonora, and its relation to the forms of integration of producers into national and global value chains. For this purpose, quantitative and qualitative information was collected, analyzed and correlated, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The research problem is original and innovative; it is systematically posed, and the theoretical-analytical tools necessary for studying and analyzing it are developed. However, the role played by private companies and government institutions in the management of regional technological development is not sufficiently accounted for. The results provide valuable quantitative and qualitative data for understanding and giving evidence of Sonoran agriculture’s socio-economic reality. It follows that such technological development has not benefited all producers equally and sufficiently.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the way women created adaptive responses during 2005 and 2006 natural disasters to help their families and their community through qualitative study, and found that women leaders expressed in their discourse differentiated roles, dissimilar to the traditional and ingrained.
Abstract: This article’s objective is to address women’s local knowledge, which has impact on climate change-related disasters coping mechanisms. The study involves Valle Nonguen in Concepcion (Chile) local memory production associated with the last major floods. The way women created adaptive responses during 2005 and 2006 natural disasters to help their families and their community was examined through qualitative study. Interviews to twenty women who leaded community during the events were applied. Results show that women leaders express in their discourse differentiated roles, dissimilar to the traditional and ingrained. Even though the study is limited to Nonguen, results can be compared with other Latin America’s communities. Its interest lies in the fact that women were the keepers of those disasters memory, and it was helpful to overcome later similar situations in the territory.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of stakeholders involved in the cannonball jellyfish fishery in Guaymas, Sonora, using the snowball method, semi-structured interviews were conducted, then hierarchized through the power / interest network of four quadrants, and related to a connection matrix, showing that the National Fishery Institute, buyers, processors, marketers and fishing cooperatives are the key players, with greater interest and influence in the management of the fishery.
Abstract: espanolEl objetivo de esta investigacion fue conocer el rol de los actores involucrados en la pesqueria de medusa bola de canon, en Guaymas, Sonora. Con el metodo bola de nieve se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, luego se jerarquizaron mediante la red de poder/ interes de cuatro cuadrantes, y se relacionaron con una matriz de vinculacion. El resultado arrojo que el Instituto Nacional de Pesca, los compradores, procesadores, comercializadores y las cooperativas pesqueras son los actores clave, con mayor interes e influencia en el manejo de la pesqueria. El presente analisis es util para establecer y mejorar el manejo de la captura de medusa. Se concluye que existe una relacion conflictiva y de poca cooperacion entre los actores mencionados, lo cual impide que se respeten las estrategias de manejo para explotar la medusa en condiciones de sustentabilidad. EnglishThe aim of this research was to know the role of stakeholders involved in the cannonball jellyfish fishery in Guaymas, Sonora. Using the snowball method, semi-structured interviews were conducted, then hierarchized through the power / interest network of four quadrants, and related to a connection matrix. The result showed that the National Fishery Institute, buyers, processors, marketers and fishing cooperatives are the key players, with greater interest and influence in the management of the fishery. This analysis is useful to establish and enhance the management of jellyfish catch. It follows that there is a conflictive relationship and little cooperation among the said stakeholders, which prevents management strategies to exploit jellyfish fishing in conditions of sustainability from being respected.
TL;DR: This paper analyzed the normalizing discourses regarding the control of the female body and its appropriation in corporal practices and models of young women from different social classes, in an urban context in northwestern Mexico.
Abstract: This paper analyzed the normalizing discourses regarding the control of the female body and its appropriation in corporal practices and models of young women from different social classes, in an urban context in northwestern Mexico. A qualitative socio-anthropological perspective was used and seven group interviews of women from lower, middle and upper classes were conducted. The normalizing discourse on the female body alludes both health care and/or against obesity and aesthetics. A slim, healthy, fit and beautiful body is recognized as the ideal one; however, corporal models differentiated by social class are valued. Practices are identified under the discourse on health, but with an esthetic motivation. A greater approaching to corporal experience of women, in a region where slimness is a social norm, although not always shared, and where corporal practices are increasingly invasive, is required.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reveal the underlying social structure of two groups of irrigators managing traditional irrigation systems located in Sonora (Mexico) and show the extension of TIS management relationships' embeddedness in social networks with different roles.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to unveil the underlying social structure of two groups of irrigators managing traditional irrigation systems (TIS) located in Sonora (Mexico) and to show the extension of TIS management relationships’ embeddedness in social networks with different roles. Social embeddedness approach was operationalized through social network analysis methodology. Empirical evidence shows that TIS cases are collectively operated without any external aid by rural farmers dedicated to agriculture and cattle rising. Research findings reveal that despite the differences in irrigator rural communities’ historical trajectories, both irrigators’ groups converged to form a dense network of friendship, family and in-laws. Social embeddedness was supported by intense ties (relational) and dense/transitive relations (structural).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze wage inequality in the formal and informal labor market in Mexico's regions on the basis of the extent of exposure to the trade openness for the period 2005-2016, using data from the National Occupation and Employment Survey, the Theil inequality index and the methodology proposed by DiNardo, Fortin and Lemieux.
Abstract: espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es analizar la desigualdad salarial en el mercado laboral formal e informal en regiones de Mexico, a partir del grado de exposicion a la apertura comercial para el periodo 2005-2016. Se utilizan datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacion y Empleo, el indice de desigualdad de Theil y la metodologia propuesta por DiNardo, Fortin y Lemieux. Los resultados revelan que las regiones presentan desigualdades, que son menores en las de mayor exposicion a la apertura comercial, y que durante el periodo de estudio la desigualdad se redujo en todas las regiones, pero las disparidades intra grupo aumentaron. El aporte principal es el analisis de la desigualdad salarial considerando una regionalizacion por el grado de exposicion a la apertura comercial, y tambien la comparacion entre trabajadores formales e informales. Una de las limitaciones es la exclusion de las observaciones que no registran ingreso, lo que en potencia puede modificar los resultados. EnglishThis article’s purpose is to analyze wage inequality in the formal and informal labor market in Mexico’s regions on the basis of the extent of exposure to the trade openness for the period 2005-2016. Data from the National Occupation and Employment Survey, the Theil inequality index and the methodology proposed by DiNardo, Fortin and Lemieux are used. The results reveal that regions show inequalities, which are smaller in those with a greater exposure to trade openness, and that during the period of study inequality decreased in all regions, but intra-group disparities increased. The main contribution is the analysis of wage inequality considering a regionalization based on the extent of exposure to trade openness, as well as the comparison between formal and informal workers. One of the limitations is the exclusion of the observations not registered, which can potentially modify the results.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors carried out an economic assessment of two variables: urban parks and ornamental trees and plants in Mexico City using data from the 2012 Quality of Life Perception Survey.
Abstract: The aim of the research is to carry out an economic assessment of two variables: urban parks and ornamental trees and plants in Mexico City using data from the 2012 Quality of Life Perception Survey. Quality of life models were used, in terms of sociodemographic variables, services and average monthly household income. According to the results, based on the estimated parameters, the presence of parks, as well as ornamental trees and plants in the environment, is positive for the population's quality of life. The limitation of the study is that the values calculated may be complementary to assessments using hedonic prices, and to know if this is the case, it is necessary to investigate more about the housing market, in addition to considering problems of endogeneity in income, which can overestimate monetary values. It follows that the latter are indicators of the positive incidence of the two variables assessed on the quality of life of city dwellers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Fondo de Aportaciones para la Infraestructura Social (FAS) in San Pedro Tlaquepaque, Jalisco is analyzed.
Abstract: espanolEn este articulo se analiza el Fondo de Aportaciones para la Infraestructura Social, en San Pedro Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, el cual dota de servicios basicos a la poblacion mas necesitada. Para ello se empleo un enfoque cualitativo, tambien se realizo una revision exhaustiva de todos los documentos relacionados con el Fondo y seis entrevistas semiestructuradas a los funcionarios implicados en su implementacion. Se concluye que el Fondo tiene partes positivas: productividad y obras ejercidas, satisfaccion de los beneficiarios y eficiencia y reinversion de recursos; pero tambien estan las negativas: deficiencias en la capacitacion de los colaboradores, insuficiencia de materiales, canales de comunicacion intermitentes, desconocimiento de la normatividad y falta de indicadores de medicion. El aporte de este articulo es que se analiza una politica sectorial y nacional, pero considerando la dimension territorial, para comprender su implementacion en un lugar especifico, y asi brindar mejores resultados para los beneficiarios. EnglishThis article analyzes the Fondo de Aportaciones para a Infraestructura Social in San Pedro Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, which provides the neediest population with basic services. For that purpose, a qualitative approach was used; in addition, an exhaustive review of all documents related to the Fondo, as well as six semi-structured interviews with the officials responsible for its implementation were conducted. It follows that the Fondo has positive aspects: productivity and projects completed, beneficiaries’ satisfaction, and resource efficiency and reinvestment; however, it also has negative aspects: deficiencies in training of collaborators, insufficient materials, flickering communication channels, lack of knowledge about normativity, and lack of measurement indicators. This article’s contribution is to analyze a sectoral and national policy, but considering territorial dimension in order to understand its implementation in a specific place, and thus to offer better results for beneficiaries.
TL;DR: In this article, the spatial distribution of intra-urban mortality by area of residence and its association with marginalization and population ageing in Hermosillo, Sonora, during 2013-2016 were analyzed.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of intra-urban mortality by area of residence and its association with marginalization and population ageing in Hermosillo, Sonora, during 2013-2016. An exploratory spatial analysis of mortality was performed on three main groups of causes of death by the use of death certificates and census information. The study was limited to mortality and excluded the morbidity component analysis. Results show a strong association between the spatial distribution of chronic disease-related mortality and population ageing; as well as the spatial self-segregation of residents from the lowest level of marginalization areas, which have better conditions to prevent any cause of death. The findings show the effects of residential spatial segregation by socioeconomic and demographic conditions on the mortality profile within urban settings.
TL;DR: In this paper, a muestra de 384 encuestas aplicadas a visitantes was used to investigate the effect of the use of mobile devices on the satisfaction of the viajero.
Abstract: El objetivo de la investigacion es analizar los beneficios del uso de los dispositivos moviles en la experiencia del viajero que arriba a la ciudad de Tijuana. Mediante metodologia cuantitativa, con base en 95% de confianza y 5% de error, se obtuvo una muestra de 384 encuestas aplicadas a visitantes. El instrumento consta de tres bloques: el empleo de servicios digitales en el dispositivo movil, la frecuencia con la que se utilizan las aplicaciones instaladas y el nivel de satisfaccion del viajero en el destino debido al uso de los servicios digitales. Los resultados muestran que existe una correlacion media significativa de 0.01 entre la frecuencia con la que el viajero utiliza los servicios moviles y la satisfaccion que proporciona la disposicion de tales servicios durante su estancia. Se concluye que la tecnologia se ha convertido en un componente indispensable para los turistas y que el equipo smartphone contribuye a la satisfaccion de la comunicacion, a la consulta de informacion y a la compra y movilidad del consumidor turistico.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the preschool, elementary and junior high school careers of the children of migrant agricultural families, and how risk factors, related to precarious socio-economic contexts and participation in mobility patterns, influence their educational paths.
Abstract: The objective of the article is to analyze the preschool, elementary and junior high school careers of the children of migrant agricultural families, and how risk factors, related to precarious socio-economic contexts and participation in mobility patterns, influence their educational paths. For that purpose, questionnaires were applied and semi-structured interviews were conducted. According to the results, settling of these families in areas of attraction contributes to a greater permanence and continuity of their children in school. In Mexico, this study is a pioneer in reconstructing the school careers of those who attend up to third grade of junior high school, since the existing ones are focused on elementary education. It was found that a high percentage of students complete junior high school with ideal theoretical careers and that an important determinant for the successful achievement of school careers are family arrangements to remain in one place, so that their sons/daughters complete their basic education.
TL;DR: The role of groundwater concessions registered in the public registry of water rights as a planning instrument for groundwater in the Ayuquila-Armeria river basin is analyzed in this article.
Abstract: The objective of this article is to analyze the role of groundwater concessions registered in the Public Registry of Water Rights, as a planning instrument for groundwater in the Ayuquila-Armeria river basin. A database of this instrument was used, with records from 1994 to 2015, in order to examine the use and volume of water consumed in that period in the concessions granted. As of 2009 there was an increase in these variables and an accelerated decrease in the availability of water in the aquifers, so some were considered “overexploited”. It follows that the administrative delimitation of aquifers does not contribute to understand the geohydrological dynamics, and that this instrument is not working for planning and control, so it is necessary to review the current management of groundwater, and promote a change towards an integral view of it, according to the theory of flow systems.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the past and present of these amendments and their effect on the internal organization of ejido property and concluded that the reformas al articulo 27 have facilitated the trading of Ejido lands, although it cannot be said that these amendments are a direct cause for this occurring.
Abstract: espanolEl 6 de enero de 1992 fue aprobada la iniciativa de ley que modifico sustancialmente el articulo 27 de la Constitucion Politica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, con consecuencias significativas para el campo mexicano. Para analizar el antes y el despues de dichas reformas y su efecto en la organizacion interna de la propiedad ejidal, se realizo un trabajo documental y de campo para reunir informacion estadistica, historica y cartografica sobre el ejido y la localidad de La Canada, en Jalisco. La originalidad del estudio es que se analizaron los cambios de valoracion del uso de la tierra, tras las reformas mencionadas, lo que ha llevado a una individualizacion creciente, y generado racionalidades nuevas en torno al aprovechamiento de los recursos, antano comunes dentro de las localidades rurales mexicanas. En conclusion, las reformas al articulo 27 han facilitado la compraventa de terrenos ejidales, aunque no se puede decir que sean una causa directa para que esto suceda EnglishOn January 6, 1992, a law initiative substantially amending Article 27 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, with significant consequences for Mexican agriculture, was approved. For the purpose of analyzing the past and present of these amendments and their effect on the internal organization of ejido property, a documentary fieldwork was carried out in order to gather statistical, historical and cartographic information on the ejido and the locality of La Canada, in Jalisco. The originality of the study is that changes in the assessment of land use after such amendments are analyzed, and this has led to a growing individualization and generated new rationalities regarding the use of resources, common long ago within Mexican rural localities. The conclusion is that the amendments to Article 27 have facilitated the trading of ejido lands, although it cannot be said that these amendments are a direct cause for this occurring.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a characterization of Mexican small and medium technological enterprises, and analyze the processes by which they inserted into higher value added segments in global value chains, and highlight two relevant findings: Mexican SMEs concentrate in regions with massive flows of foreign direct investment; and the mechanisms for the creation and upgrading of this type of companies are linked to knowledge spillovers from multinational companies and to the maturation of some regional innovation systems.
Abstract: This paper aims to present a characterization of Mexican small and medium technological enterprises, and to analyze the processes by which they inserted into higher value added segments in global value chains. The mixed methodology used includes the creation of a national directory, a sample survey, and conducting in-depth interviews. Results show the sectorial and geographic distribution of small and medium technological enterprises (82% are concentrated in 15 metropolitan areas with strong presence of multinational companies), and the mechanisms of acquisition of technological and managerial capacities which lead companies to compete in high value added segments. A limitation of this work derived from the still incipient analysis of the large database generated by the research on which it is based. The conclusions highlight two relevant findings: Mexican small and medium technological enterprises concentrate in regions with massive flows of foreign direct investment; and the mechanisms for the creation and upgrading of this type of companies are linked to knowledge spillovers from multinational companies and to the maturation of some regional innovation systems.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that Mazatlan tourism cluster governance occurs in two contexts and according to different logics, in the first one, regional actors intervene, reproducing a traditional tourism model, whereas in the second one, intra-urban stakeholders participate.
Abstract: The aim of this article is to demonstrate that Mazatlan tourism cluster governance occurs in two contexts and according to different logics. In the first one, regional actors intervene, reproducing a traditional tourism model, whereas in the second one, intra-urban stakeholders participate. This allowed the recovery of the historic center and its successful incorporation into a new tourist offer to consume the city. Both systems are studied on the basis of network analysis, in which relations among actors, periodicity and contents are emphasized; however, input and output links between nodes were not identified. A central finding is that the existence of more of one system of governance in a cluster is feasible. It therefore follows that in Mazatlan, as a tourist destination, quality of relational dynamics, as a governance system, conditions the performance of the cluster in general and that of the historic center in particular.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the organizational, productive and commercial strategies implemented by the Maya Vinic cooperative so that organic honey they produce remains in a fair trade scheme, using information from semi-structured interviews and participant observation.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to examine the organizational, productive and commercial strategies implemented by the Maya Vinic cooperative so that organic honey they produce remains in a fair trade scheme. The analytical approach used is the theory of collective action aimed at mobilizing resources, complemented with information from semi-structured interviews and participant observation. This paper contributes elements to understand the dynamics of a rural small producers’ organization in order to remain in fair trade, which provides them with stability and guarantees the validity of peasant activity. The results show that, through collective action, the cooperative has managed to strengthen social capital, receive support from solidarity organizations and external advisers, generate economies of scale and achieve capitalization. It follows that strategies are required so as to help young people take root in their communities, as well as mechanisms to adapt apiculture to market demands and community members’ precariousness of resources.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the relationship between the quality of local public services, as perceived by the population, and the confidence they have in the institutions using multilevel regression models.
Abstract: Citizen opinion about the provision of local public goods and services is of special interest for research on trust in political institutions. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between the quality of local public services, as perceived by the population, and the confidence they have in the institutions. Using multilevel regression models, the data of a survey with state and national representativeness in Mexico are analyzed, which shows that when citizens perceive quality in local public services, it positively influences political confidence. Therefore, those who trust more in institutions are living in the states where these services are perceived to be better. These results suggest that, in the performance of subnational governments, disparities play an important role in explaining institutional trust.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the trend of structural changes in the 12 states specializing in automotive manufacturing and their parts in Mexico, and propose a statistical and analytical framework to generate a stylized description of the regional effects derived from the powerful presence of the automotive industry, showing that it does not derive towards balanced and similar processes of regional structural change.
Abstract: This article aims to investigate the trend of structural changes in the 12 states specializing in automotive manufacturing and their parts in Mexico. Basic statistical calculations were used to cover the period 1998-2013, and the study was based on the literature that suggests a relationship between manufacturing and services, a feature of modern economies and their structural change. According to the findings, in the states analyzed there have been impulses in different intensities towards an imbalance between the automotive and non-automotive manufacturing sectors, as well a growth of the advanced tertiary sector, in a context of indicators that show in a generalized way poor quality of remunerations and employment. The main contribution of the study is that it proposes a statistical and analytical framework to generate a stylized description of the regional effects derived from the powerful presence of the automotive industry, showing that it does not derive towards balanced and similar processes of regional structural change.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify and describe Mexican households in terms of access to energy services and their main socioeconomic characteristics in order to show the relationship between access to electricity and to the services that energy provides.
Abstract: This article aims at identifying and describing Mexican households in terms of access to energy services and their main socioeconomic characteristics in order to show the relationship between access to electricity and to the services that energy provides. A quantitative methodology with multivariate techniques was applied, which included the K-means cluster analysis and the correspondence analysis. The results warn that there are households with high homogeneity and intergroup heterogeneity, a scenario that reveals a problem of social inequality regarding access to energy services, despite the fact that almost all of them have electricity. The limitation of the study was the lack of official information on the capacity (power), size and brand of home appliances. It follows that the State must implement an energy policy that recognizes this social differentiation, with a cross-sectional approach of economic, social and environmental sustainability.
TL;DR: In this article, the relevance of medium-sized urban agglomerations in the country's economy was analyzed in 2000 and 2010 using the Pareto's coefficient, which measures city size distribution through economic indicators.
Abstract: Mexican urban growth has led to a more equative participation of cities accordingly to their population, where medium-sized cities particularly have gain economic weight. The aim or the paper is to analyse the relevance of this kind of urban agglomerations in the country’s economy in 2000 and 2010. The methodology set up by Zipf’s law is used, which measures city size distribution ―as measured by economic indicators― through Pareto’s coefficient. Econometrically, ordinary least squares (OLS) with robust standard errors are followed, and all cities’ range is included using moving average regressions. The results accept the hypothesis of a Pareto’s coefficient below 1 in both years for equal size subsamples. In consequence, Zipf’s law is rejected. In this sense, the relative higher economic weight of medium-sized cities is accepted.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a particular case of study based on the review of several social protests in Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico), known as Malnacidos (odious).
Abstract: This paper aims to reflect on contemporary social protest and its correlation with digital social networks. This work presents a particular case of study based on the review of several social protests in Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico), known as Malnacidos (odious). Methodologically, the paper sets out a digital ethnographic approach through Facebook and YoutTube’s audiovisual files research. Investigation’s outcomes revealed that networks digital interactions encouraged the emergence of a collective person, which opposed State’s tax package in 2013. It was also shown that this social movement was characterized by distinguishable typing. These typing gave place to talks between citizens and executive and legislative branch representatives. Conclusions lead to think that also certain political players participated in vindictive actions. This finding displays this study’s limitation on not focusing on other dimension but citizenship.