Showing papers in "Regional Studies in 2004"
TL;DR: Lee et al. as discussed by the authors explored whether connections exist among regional social characteristics, human capital, and new firm formation and found that social diversity and creativity have a positive relationship with new firm creation.
Abstract: Lee S. Y., Florida R. and Acs Z. J. (2004) Creativity and entrepreneurship: a regional analysis of new firm formation, Regional Studies38, 879-891. Understanding the factors that promote or mitigate new firm birth is crucial to regional economic development efforts, since a high level of new firm creation significantly contributes to regional economic vitality and is a major signal of a dynamic economy. The literature suggests that various factors such as unemployment, population density/ growth, industrial structure, human capital, the availability of financing and entrepreneurial characteristics significantly influence regional variation in new firm birth rates. This study explores whether connections exist among regional social characteristics, human capital and new firm formation. It argues that social diversity and creativity have a positive relationship with new firm formation. Building on the contributions of urbanist Jane Jacobs, Lee, Florida and Gates (2002) showed that social diversity and human...
843 citations
TL;DR: Audretsch et al. as mentioned in this paper introduced a new factor, entrepreneurship capital, and linked it to output in the context of a production function model, and estimated several different measures of entrepreneurship capital for German regions.
Abstract: Audretsch D. B. and Keilbach M. (2004) Entrepreneurship capital and economic performance, Regional Studies38, 949-959. The neoclassical model of the production function, as applied by Solow when building the neoclassical model of growth, linked labour and capital to output. More recently, Romer and others have expanded the model to include measures of knowledge capital. This paper introduces a new factor, entrepreneurship capital, and links it to output in the context of a production function model. It explains what is meant by entrepreneurship capital and why it should influence economic output. A production function model including several different measures of entrepreneurship capital is then estimated for German regions. The results indicate that entrepreneurship capital is a significant and important factor shaping output and productivity. The results suggest a new direction for policy that focuses on instruments to enhance entrepreneurship capital. Audretsch D. B. et Keilbach M. (2004) Le capital en...
684 citations
TL;DR: Fritsch et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the impact of new business formation on regional employment change, and considerable time lags were identified by applying the Almon lag model and it was found that new firms can have both a positive and a negative effect on local employment.
Abstract: Fritsch M. and Mueller P. (2004) Effects of new business formation on regional development over time, Regional Studies38, 961-975. In the analysis of the impact of new business formation on regional employment change, considerable time lags were identified. The structure and extent of these time lags were investigated by applying the Almon lag model and it was found that new firms can have both a positive and a negative effect on regional employment. The results indicate that the indirect effects of new business formation (crowding out of competitors, improvement of supply conditions and improved competitiveness) are of greater magnitude than the direct effect, i.e. the jobs created in the new entities. The peak of the positive impact of new businesses on regional development is reached about 8 years after entry. Fritsch M. et Mueller P. (2004) Les effets temporels de la creation d'entreprise sur l'amenagement du territoire, Regional Studies38, 961-975. Cette analyse des effets de la creation d'entreprise...
666 citations
TL;DR: The European Council of Competitiveness (ECC) as mentioned in this paper was established by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union to provide a regular competitiveness report on the performance of the economy of thenessing the "resurgence" of regions as key loci in theEuropean Union.
Abstract: established a European Council of Competitiveness,and it undertook to produce a regular CompetitivenessThere is now widespread agreement that we are wit-Report on the performance of the economy of thenessing the ‘resurgence’ of regions as key loci in theEuropean Union (the most recent being the seventh,organization and governance of economic growth andfor 2003). In the European Union, the issue of com-wealth creation. A previous special issue of this journalpetitiveness has taken on particular significance in rela-(‘Rethinking the Regions’,
605 citations
TL;DR: Boschma et al. as discussed by the authors argue that the competitiveness of a region depends on intangible, non- tradable assets based on a knowledge and competence base embedded in a particular institutional setting that are reproduced and modified through repeated interactions of actors.
Abstract: Boschma R A (2004) Competitiveness of regions from an evolutionary perspective, Regional Studies38, 993-1006 Do regions compete, as firms do? How does one deal with the fact that regions, unlike organizations, are entities that do not act? Does it make sense to talk about the ability of regions to generate new variety? This paper aims to address these questions from an evolutionary perspective It is meaningful to talk about regional competitiveness when the region affects the performances of local firms to a considerable degree This is especially true when the competitiveness of a region depends on intangible, non- tradable assets based on a knowledge and competence base embedded in a particular institutional setting that are reproduced and modified through the actions and repeated interactions of actors Although regions are increasingly becoming collective players actively responding to an increasing exposure to extra-regional competition, the paper explains why there are serious limits in enhancin
581 citations
TL;DR: Rodriguez-Pose et al. as mentioned in this paper assesses, using cross-sectional and panel data analyses, the failure so far of European development policies to fulfil their objective of de...
Abstract: Rodriguez-Pose A. and Fratesi U. (2004) Between development and social policies: the impact of European Structural Funds in Objective 1 regions, Reg. Studies 38, 97–113. European regional support has grown in parallel with European integration. The funds targeted at achieving greater economic and social cohesion and reducing disparities within the European Union (EU) have more than doubled in relative terms since the end of the 1980s, making development policies the second most important policy area in the EU. The majority of the development funds have been earmarked for Objective 1 regions, i.e. regions where GDP per capita is below the 75% threshold of the EU average. However, the European development policies have come under increasing criticism based on two facts: the lack of upward mobility of assisted regions; and the absence of regional convergence. This paper assesses, using cross-sectional and panel data analyses, the failure so far of European development policies to fulfil their objective of de...
552 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the role of externalities in generating economic growth and the impact of these externalities, as measured by entrepreneurial activity, on employment growth in Local Market Areas.
Abstract: Acs Z. J. and Armington C. (2004) Employment growth and entrepreneurial activity in cities, Regional Studies38, 911-927. Recent theories of economic growth have stressed the role of externalities in generating growth. Using data from the Census Bureau that tracks all employers in the whole US private-sector economy, the impact of these externalities, as measured by entrepreneurial activity, on employment growth in Local Market Areas are examined. Differences in levels of entrepreneurial activity, diversity among geographically proximate industries and the extent of human capital are positively associated with variation in growth rates, but the manufacturing sector appears to be an exception. Acs Z. J. et Armington C. (2004) La croissance de l'emploi et l'esprit d'entreprise dans les grandes villes, Regional Studies38, 911-927. Des theories recentes de la croissance economique ont souligne l'importance des effets externes. A partir des donnees provenant du Census Bureau, institut national de la statistique...
451 citations
TL;DR: Baade et al. as discussed by the authors assess the economic impact of hosting the World Cup and find that the economic impacts of the event cannot justify this magnitude of expenditures and that host cities experienced cumulative losses of $5·5 to $9·3 billion.
Abstract: Baade R. A. and Matheson V. A. (2004) The quest for the cup: assessing the economic impact of the World Cup, Reg. Studies 38, 343–354. Hosting the World Cup, the world’s second largest sporting event, is a potentially expensive affair. The co-hosts of the 2002 games, Japan and South Korea, spent a combined US$4 billion building new facilities or refurbishing old facilities in preparation for the event. An ex post analysis of the 1994 World Cup held in the US suggests that the economic impact of the event cannot justify this magnitude of expenditures and that host cities experienced cumulative losses of $5·5 to $9·3 billion as opposed to ex ante estimates of a $4 billion gain touted by event boosters. Potential hosts should consider with care whether the award of the World Cup is an honour or a burden.
351 citations
TL;DR: Turok et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed some of the main ideas, particularly as they apply to cities and regions, and emphasized the benefits of scale and diversity that flow from concentrations of economic activity.
Abstract: Turok I. (2004) Cities, regions and competitiveness, Regional Studies38, 1061-1075. Competitiveness is a complex concept used in a variety of ways and contexts. The paper reviews some of the main ideas, particularly as they apply to cities and regions. Its definition should include the relative position of a region's firms in external markets, the productivity of local resources and the extent to which they are used. Competition takes both an institutionalized form (local public agencies competing overtly for investment and other resources) and, more importantly, a less organized form involving firms trading in wider markets. There are two contrasting perspectives on the competitive advantages of city-regions. One emphasizes the benefits of scale and diversity that flow from concentrations of economic activity. The other stresses the quality of the interactions between firms and supporting institutions. Recent studies suggest that the significance of localized business networks or clusters might be exagge...
345 citations
TL;DR: The concept of the polycentric urban region (PUR) is one that has gained considerable currency over the last decade as mentioned in this paper. Nevertheless, a certain vagueness continues to surround the concept, and a set of conditions are outlined that would need to be satisfied before a PUR could reasonably be said to exist.
Abstract: Parr J. B. (2004) The polycentric urban region: a closer inspection, Reg. Studies38, 231-240. The concept of the polycentric urban region (PUR) is one that has gained considerable currency over the last decade. Nevertheless, a certain vagueness continues to surround the concept. A set of conditions is outlined that would need to be satisfied before a PUR could reasonably be said to exist. The PUR is contrasted with other types of region, and various forms of the PUR are then briefly reviewed. Consideration is next given to the supposed economic advantages of the PUR. This is followed by a discussion of the extent to which the concept of the PUR has emerged as a focus in urban and regional policy. Parr J. B. (2004) Un examen plus approfondi de la region urbaine polycentrique, Reg. Studies38, 231-240. Pendant la derniere decennie, la notion de region urbaine polycentrique s'est repandue. Toujours est-il que cette notion s'entoure d'une certaine imprecision. On esquisse ici un ensemble de conditions qu'il fa...
343 citations
TL;DR: Van Stel et al. as discussed by the authors examined the relationship between firm births and job creation in Great Britain and found no significant relationship between start-ups and employment creation in the 1980s, but there is a negative relationship for the 'low enterprise' area of the North East of England.
Abstract: Van Stel A. J. and Storey D. J. (2004) The link between firm births and job creation: is there a Upas Tree effect?, Regional Studies38, 893-909. This paper examines the relationship between firm births and job creation in Great Britain. It uses a new data set for 60 British regions, covering the whole of Great Britain, between 1980 and 1998. For Great Britain as a whole, no significant relationship between start-ups and employment creation is found in the 1980s, but there is a negative relationship for the 'low enterprise' area of the North East of England. For the 1990s, a significant positive relationship for Great Britain as a whole is found, but for Scotland, which focused policy on start-ups, a negative relationship is found. The authors feel this raises questions over policies designed to raise rates of new firm formation as a strategy for employment creation, particularly in 'low enterprise' areas. Van Stel A. J. et Storey D. J. (2004) Le lien entre la creation d'entreprise et la creation d'emploi:...
TL;DR: The most competitive places have been multidimensional in their attractions and have made the transition to the knowledge-based economy as mentioned in this paper, and the latest priority is being placed on attracting mobile workers and mobile investment.
Abstract: Malecki E. J. (2004) Jockeying for position: what it means and why it matters to regional development policy when places compete, Regional Studies38, 1093-1112. The realization that places compete for investment has expanded in recent years to encompass competition among places for the attention of migrants, tourists and media glow as well as investment. The most competitive places have been multidimensional in their attractions and have made the transition to the knowledge-based economy. The latest priority is being placed on attracting mobile workers and mobile investment. Creative workers are the core of the knowledge economy and of its geographies such as 'intelligent places' and 'learning regions'. Knowledge metrics, innovation indices and report cards are increasingly common, each seemingly developed to sort the list of places in a different order. Lists or league tables of 'the best places' for business, to live, retire and visit are key features of economies and societies whose factors of success ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce entrepreneurship and economic development in regional studies. But they do not discuss the economic aspects of entrepreneurship, and do not address the challenges of economic development.
Abstract: (2004). Introduction: Entrepreneurship and Economic Development. Regional Studies: Vol. 38, No. 8, pp. 871-877.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the innovation activities of small and medium sized enterprises in different regions, assesses the extent of their involvement in systemic innovation with other organizations, and examines the nature of regional and more diffused forms of interaction in innovation activity.
Abstract: Doloreux D. (2004) Regional innovation systems in Canada: a comparative study. Reg. Studies 38, 481–494. The Regional Innovation System (RIS) has become a leading approach in explaining the innovation processes and patterns experienced by firms and industries at the regional level. This paper investigates the innovation activities of small and medium sized enterprises in different regions, assesses the extent of their involvement in systemic innovation with other organizations, and examines the nature of regional and more diffused forms of interaction in innovation activity. The discussion draws its empirical substance from the Ottawa and Beauce regions of Canada, regions characterized by different preconditions to innovation in terms of industrial production structure and institutional environments. The results indicate that the innovation activities of surveyed firms in the two regions converge into a similar pattern, as far as innovation practices, information sources and the role of geography are conc...
TL;DR: Budd and Hirmis as discussed by the authors proposed a conceptual framework for regional competitiveness based on combining the competitive advantage of firms and the comparative advantage of a regional economy, which combines Liebenstein's theory of "X-inefficiency" and agglomerative efficiency.
Abstract: Budd L. and Hirmis A. K. (2004) Conceptual framework for regional competitiveness, Regional Studies38, 1007-1020. The concept of territorial competitiveness has gained ground in academic, policy and practitioner circles. In particular, urban competitiveness has generated a large literature. However, there is a danger that competitiveness at a territorial level becomes a conceptual chimera. The essential problem is that territorially based actors and agencies seek to position and maintain the utility of their regions and subregions by reference to a set of measures and indicators that are conceptually suspect and often empirically weak. The degree to which regions compete depends on a manifold set of factors. The paper proposes a conceptual framework for regional competitiveness based on combining the competitive advantage of firms and the comparative advantage of a regional economy. The conceptual transmission mechanism to regional competitiveness combines Liebenstein's theory of 'X-inefficiency' and aggl...
TL;DR: Goldstein et al. as mentioned in this paper used a quasi-experimental approach to explain variation in change in average earnings per job across 312 metropolitan statistical areas in the USA in 1969-86 and 1986-98.
Abstract: Goldstein H. A. and Renault C. S. (2004) Contributions of universities to regional economic development: a quasi-experimental approach, Regional Studies38, 733-746. Universities potentially contribute to regional economic development in a number of ways: research, creation of human capital through teaching, technology development and transfer, and co-production of a favourable milieu. We find that the research and technology creation functions generate significant knowledge spillovers that result in enhanced regional economic development that otherwise would not occur. Yet, the magnitude of the contribution that universities' research and technology development activities play is small compared with other factors. We use a quasi-experimental approach to explain variation in change in average earnings per job across 312 metropolitan statistical areas in the USA in 1969-86 and 1986-98. Goldstein H. A. et Renault C. S. (2004) La contribution des universites au developpement economique regional: une facon qua...
TL;DR: Badinger et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a two-step procedure, which involves first spatial filtering of the variables to isolate the spatial dependence, and application of standard GMM estimators for dynamic panels in a second step.
Abstract: Badinger H., Muller W. G. and Tondl G. (2004) Regional convergence in the European Union, 1985- 1999: a spatial dynamic panel analysis, Reg. Studies38, 241-253. We estimate the speed of income convergence for a sample of 196 European NUTS 2 regions over the period 1985-1999. So far there is no direct estimator available for dynamic panels with spatial dependencies. We propose a two-step procedure, which involves first spatial filtering of the variables to isolate the spatial dependence, and application of standard GMM estimators for dynamic panels in a second step. Our results show that ignorance of the spatial correlation leads to potentially misleading results. Applying a system GMM estimator on the filtered variables, we obtain a speed of convergence of 7%. Badinger H., Muller W. G. et Tondl G. (2004) Convergence regionale dans l'Union europeenne, 1985-1999: une analyse en panel spatial dynamique, Reg. Studies38, 241-253. Nous estimons le taux de convergence des revenus regionaux dans un echantillon de...
TL;DR: O'Donoghue et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a new measure, the "standardized location quotient", which recognizes agglomerations as being comprised of locations with statistically significant (rather then arbitrarily defined) position quotient values for the industry/activity under analysis.
Abstract: O’Donoghue D. and Gleave B. (2004) A note on methods for measuring industrial agglomeration, Reg. Studies 38, 419– 427. A range of quantitative techniques have been employed by researchers in economic geography and other social science disciplines for the purpose of measuring and spatially delimiting agglomerations of industrial activity. However, these techniques appear to have been applied with little consistency within the literature, particularly with regard to the use of arbitrary cut-off values for determining what level of industrial specialization defines an agglomeration. This paper proposes a new measure, the ‘standardized location quotient’, which recognizes agglomerations as being comprised of locations with statistically significant (rather then arbitrarily defined) location quotient values for the industry/activity under analysis. The use of the measure in delimiting spatial agglomerations within the UK business services sector, using recent employment and workplace data, is demonstrated.
TL;DR: Polenske et al. as discussed by the authors proposed that effective industrial and regional competition is often constrained by perceived and real spatial, labour, and organizational boundaries that limit the 3C relationships within the networks of firms and regions.
Abstract: Polenske K. R. (2004) Competition, collaboration and cooperation: an uneasy triangle in networks of firms and regions, Regional Studies38, 1021-1035. Many analysts maintain that firms can meet the challenges of global competition by establishing improved competitive, collaborative or cooperative activities, hereafter called 'the 3Cs'. The paper proposes that effective industrial and regional competition is often constrained by perceived and real spatial, labour, and organizational boundaries that limit the 3C relationships within the networks of firms and regions. The paper makes three contributions to the literature. First, it distinguishes collaboration from cooperation as collective types of behaviour and asserts that both can form part of an uneasy triangle of industrial interrelationships with competition. Second, it uses the 3C relationships to help explain the 'success' of industrial organizations as portrayed by analysts in alternative industrial and regional restructuring models, namely the Itali...
TL;DR: Braunerhjelm et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the relationship between concentration and regional growth, and the role of regional entrepreneurship in Swedish industry and found that regional entrepreneurship and regional entrepreneurship are correlated.
Abstract: Braunerhjelm P. and Borgman B. (2004) Geographical concentration, entrepreneurship and regional growth: evidence from regional data in Sweden, 1975-99, Regional Studies38, 929-947. This paper implements Swedish data cross-tabulated on 143 industries (four-digit level) and 70 labour market regions for 1975-99 to examine empirically the degree of concentration in the production of goods and services, the relationship between concentration and regional growth, and the role of regional entrepreneurship. To our knowledge, these issues have not been analysed previously at this level of aggregation. Ellison-Glaeser indexes and Gini location quotients reveal a geographical concentration in Swedish industry that is stronger than in the USA. The econometric results imply a 2-6% higher growth in regionally concentrated industries. The effect is more pronounced for knowledge-intensive manufacturing, network industries and industries intensively using raw material. It is also found that regional entrepreneurship and r...
TL;DR: Sa et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the determinants of university entrance for Dutch high school graduates in 2000, and paid particular attention to the attractiveness of the university, both in terms of its accessibility and the educational quality of its programme.
Abstract: Sa C., Florax R. J. G. M. and Rietveld P. (2004) Determinants of the regional demand for higher education in The Netherlands: a gravity model approach, Reg. Studies 38, 375–392. Studies on the determinants of the demand for higher education typically emphasize the relevance of socio-economic factors, but leave the spatial dimensions of the prospective students’ university choices largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate the determinants of university entrance for Dutch high school graduates in 2000, and pay particular attention to the attractiveness of the university, both in terms of its accessibility and the educational quality of its programme. We combine cross-section data on the region of origin of the high school graduate and the university destination region for first-year students with regional and university characteristics in a production- constrained gravity model. The main finding of the study is that the behaviour of prospective students is governed by a distance deterrence effect an...
TL;DR: In this article, Tohmo et al. compared the survey-based regional input-output coefficients and production multipliers published by Statistics Finland, 2000, with estimates obtained by applying location quotients (LQs) to national data.
Abstract: Tohmo T. (2004) New developments in the use of location quotients to estimate regional input–output coefficients and multipliers, Reg. Studies 38, 43–54. This study compares the survey-based regional input–output coefficients and production multipliers published by Statistics Finland, 2000, with estimates obtained by applying location quotients (LQs) to national data. The consequences of using alternative adjustment formulae, the ‘SLQ, CILQ and FLQ’ are illustrated by an input–output model constructed for the Keski-Pohjanmaa (K-P) region. The results indicate that the SLQ and CILQ both produce highly misleading regional input–output coefficients and multipliers. These adjustment formulae are clearly not good enough for the purposes of making local policy and regional planning. The FLQ formula (β=1) yields much better regional input–output coefficients and multipliers than the SLQ and CILQ. The FLQ gives very good estimates for regional multipliers in nearly all industries. The difference between the multi...
TL;DR: The impact of the cross-cutting review of the voluntary sector by HM Treasury in the UK upon that sector and places it within the context of evolving relationships between government and voluntary and community organizations (VCOs) over the past 30 years is discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Osborne S. P. and McLaughlin K. (2004) The cross-cutting review of the voluntary sector: where next for local government–voluntary sector relationships?, Reg. Studies 38, 573–582. This paper evaluates the impact of the recent ‘cross- cutting review of the voluntary sector’ by HM Treasury in the UK upon that sector and places it within the context of evolving relationships between government and voluntary and community organizations (VCOs) over the past 30 years. It argues that this review represents a shift away from the recent policy paradigm of community governance, and the co-governance of local services, and back towards one of co-production, with the role of VCOs being that of service agents. It discusses the import of this paradigmatic shift in public policy upon the CVO sector. It argues that this new paradigm is predicated upon an attempt to modernize the CVO sector and to develop neo-corporatist relationships by it with government that threatens both the distinctive competencies of the sector and...
TL;DR: Martin et al. as discussed by the authors applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to analyse gains in the accessibility of Spanish territory produced by the new high-speed train (HST) Madrid-Barcelona-French border.
Abstract: Martin J. C., Gutierrez J. and Roman C. (2004) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) index to measure the accessibility impacts of new infrastructure investments: the case of the high-speed train corridor Madrid-Barcelona-French border, Regional Studies38, 697-712. This paper applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to analyse gains in the accessibility of Spanish territory produced by the new high-speed train (HST) Madrid-Barcelona-French border. A geographic information system was used to calculate four complementary partial accessibility indicators: an index of location, economic potential, relative efficiency of the network and daily accessibility. The relative accessibility performance of each city can be discussed according to the results of these partial accessibility indicators. However, conclusions on accessibility changes can be quite contradictory depending on which partial accessibility indicator is considered. For this reason, we propose a new methodology, based on DEA, to obtain a compo...
TL;DR: Varga et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the role of localized factors of technological change in macroeconomic growth and suggested that not only technological change, but also spatial economic structure should be treated endogenously in economic growth models.
Abstract: Varga A. and Schalk H. J. (2004) Knowledge spillovers, agglomeration and macroeconomic growth: an empirical approach, Regional Studies38, 977-989. Endogenous growth theory emphasizes the role of knowledge spillovers in macroeconomic growth but leaves out the regional dimension, although substantial evidence has been provided in the recent empirical economics literature that a significant fraction of knowledge spillovers tends to be localized. The new economic geography literature extends this framework by pointing to the interplay between spillovers and agglomeration and to the resulting cumulative regional growth, but until the recently, it has left out the macroeconomic dimension. This paper takes a step in the direction of empirically investigating the role of localized factors of technological change in macroeconomic growth. It is suggested that not only technological change, but also spatial economic structure should be treated endogenously in economic growth models. It is argued that the particular ...
TL;DR: Loveridge et al. as mentioned in this paper provide a review of the types of multi-sector models with inter-sectoral linkages commonly used to predict the total impact of an event (plant opening, closing or policy change) on the regional economy.
Abstract: Loveridge S. (2004) A typology and assessment of multi-sector regional economic impact models, Reg. Studies38, 305-317. This paper provides a summary and critical review of the types of multi-sector models with inter-sectoral linkages commonly used to predict the total impact of an event (plant opening, closing or policy change) on the regional economy. The following model types are included: economic base; input-output; social accounting matrix; integrated econometric/input-output; and computable general equilibrium models. Appropriate uses of the various modelling approaches are presented along with some general operating principles and ethical considerations. The paper concludes with directions for future research. Loveridge S. (2004) Une typologie et un bilan des modeles des impacts economiques regionaux multi-sectoriels, Reg. Studies38, 305-317. Cet article cherche a faire le resume et la critique des typologies de modeles multi-sectoriels qui ont des liens intersectoriels et dont on se sert frequemm...
TL;DR: Barcus et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed the changes in residential satisfaction of urban-rural migrants using the 1991 American Housing Survey using descriptive statistics and multinomial logit models.
Abstract: Barcus H. R. (2004) Urban-rural migration in the USA: an analysis of residential satisfaction, Regional Studies38, 643-657. The past 30 years have witnessed three major shifts in the direction of migration flows in the USA. During the 1970s and early 1990s, increased in-migration created growth in many rural areas, contrary to historical flows. Improvements in transportation and communication technologies and the lure of rural amenities have drawn urbanites to rural areas. These migrants are well positioned socio-economically to make informed migration decisions resulting in improved residential satisfaction following a move to a rural place. This study analyses the changes in residential satisfaction of urban-rural migrants using the 1991 American Housing Survey. Data for the USA are assessed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logit models. Urban-rural migrants are generally more satisfied with their new rural location, but this varies across age groups and other socio-demographic characteristi...
TL;DR: Strachan et al. as discussed by the authors evaluated the UK Government and Scottish Executive's renewable energy strategies, which to date have culminated in a distinct lean towards onshore wind energy expansion.
Abstract: Strachan P. A. and Lal D. (2004) Wind energy policy, planning and management practice in the UK: hot air or a gathering storm?, Reg. Studies 38, 551–571. This paper is set within the context of the growing international wind energy industrial sector. The central focus is concerned with evaluating the UK Government and Scottish Executive’s renewable energy strategies, which to date have culminated in a distinct lean towards onshore wind energy expansion. Our interest in this area stems from the international debate on wind power which is now gaining momentum as a result of global and European climate management initiatives, and in particular from the fact that there has been much public opposition to new wind farm developments in the UK. The British experience differs to that in Denmark, and appears more akin to that of the Swedish experience, with the UK presenting an interesting case of the difficulties associated with implementing a ‘renewables’ strategy based on wind energy. The research focus in this ...
TL;DR: Cieślik et al. as discussed by the authors developed a theoretical model that establishes a link between telecommunications infrastructure and the regional level of income, which is subsequently tested using Polish regional panel data for the 1990s.
Abstract: Cieślik A. and Kaniewska M. (2004) Telecommunications infrastructure and regional economic development: the case of Poland, Regional Studies38, 713-725. We develop a theoretical model that establishes a link between telecommunications infrastructure and the regional level of income. This relationship is subsequently tested using Polish regional panel data for the 1990s. The empirical results confirm that there exists a positive and statistically significant causal relationship between telecommunications infrastructure and income at the regional level. With causality running from telecommunications to income, telecommunications policy should be viewed as an important part of regional policy aimed at reducing spatial income disparities in Poland. We can expect that EU enlargement and the harmonization of Polish telecommunication law with EU regulations should contribute to more even regional development in Poland. Cieślik A. et Kaniewska M. (2004) Infrastructure des telecommunications et le developpement ec...
TL;DR: Van Stel and Nieuwenhuijsen as discussed by the authors investigated the impact of local competition on innovation and growth in 40 Dutch regions and found that local competition is important particularly for economic growth in industry sectors (manufacturing and construction).
Abstract: Van Stel A. J. and Nieuwenhuijsen H. R. (2004) Knowledge spillovers and economic growth: an analysis using data of Dutch regions in the period 1987–1995, Reg. Studies 38, 393–407. The importance of knowledge spillovers for achieving innovation and economic growth is widely recognized. It is not straightforward which types of spillover are most effective: intra-sectoral spillovers or inter-sectoral spillovers. We investigate this controversy using a model of regional growth. The model also deals with the impact of local competition on innovation and growth. The model is estimated using sectoral data for 40 Dutch regions. We find that local competition is important particularly for economic growth in industry sectors (manufacturing and construction), while diversity, a proxy for inter-sectoral spillovers, is important particularly for growth in service sectors. We find no effect for specialization (a proxy for intra-sectoral spillovers).