Showing papers in "Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology in 1986"

TL;DR: Criteria for the selection of an appropriate base for transfer of specific biologic data from laboratory animals to man, and the expected reliability of the extrapolation, are discussed with the enunciation of four guiding principles.

TL;DR: A list of environmental chemicals detectable in adipose tissue and/or milk of non-occupationally exposed humans is presented and bioconcentration factors are calculated, useful for hazard assessment of chemicals to humans.

TL;DR: Is there common ground between lawyers and epidemiologists in the ways they reach conclusions about causes?

TL;DR: Assessment indicates that a soil concentration of TCDD considerably in excess of 1 ppb should be acceptable for residential and nonresidential areas and alternative approaches to interpreting the cancer data indicate that a VSD of 130 pg/kg/day is more scientifically justified than risks estimated using standard approaches.

TL;DR: Despite purported advantages of analyses based on overall tumor rates, primary emphasis should continue to be on site-specific analyses, according to national and international guidelines for studying chemicals for carcinogenicity in rodents (or in humans).

TL;DR: This third paper focuses on a subset of 58 additives in the Priority-Based Assessment of Food Additives (PAFA) Project that have been associated in toxicity studies with specific toxic effects of inherently high concern.

TL;DR: A multimedia compartment model that uses a combination of physical, chemical, and landscape properties to establish the partitioning, reaction, and interphase-transport characteristics of a chemical is developed for screening toxic substances.

TL;DR: A databank comprising animal toxicological data obtained from pharmaceutical companies in Europe shows that, excluding the possibility of identifying carcinogens, tests of longer than 6 months have not added to the overall safety evaluation of these compounds.

TL;DR: The aim of this paper is to give an overview of existing analytical techniques and to attempt to distinguish practical and effective methods from those which are complex or which provide questionable results.

TL;DR: An original pragmatic approach is presented for priority setting among existing chemicals, as a result of a study requested by the European Community Commission, on the basis of a set of physicochemical, toxicological, and ecotoxicological properties considered as fundamental for a first evaluation of the substance.

TL;DR: It is concluded that induction of tumors in well-performed carcinogenicity studies will give evidence of carcinogenic potential for humans and comparative studies using newly developed methods to determine carcinogen exposure should be initiated to make high dose-low dose and interspecies extrapolations more meaningful.

TL;DR: In summary, new therapeutic products derived from biotechnology will have to satisfy all the usual demands of regulatory agencies, plus some new requirements generated by their special nature, including the "biotechnology Chernobyl disaster".

TL;DR: Recommendations are presented to permit the courts to assess the methodology employed, and hence, the admissibility, of evidence presented by medical expert witnesses in these proceedings.

TL;DR: The etiology of pancreatic cancer remains elusive as discussed by the authors, and it predominates in males and in certain ethnic populations (i.e., Polynesians and blacks). Primarily a disease of aging, it is rare in individuals under 40.

TL;DR: Findings from selected dose-response experimental studies on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) carcinogenic action in rodents were utilized for low-dose lifetime cancer risk estimation in man, and the lifetimecancer risk for the considered cohort at the highest exposure does not appear to exceed 10(-5).

TL;DR: Cotton dust exposure may induce nonspecific interstitial pulmonary changes, but these changes were exaggerated by cigarette smoking, and these two factors appeared to have an additive effect on the pulmonary X-ray findings.

TL;DR: None of the tested compounds showed a marked influence on the total implantation losses, although in some cases the postimplantation losses were significantly increased.

TL;DR: Results suggest that age-adjusted mortality and probably the incidence of leading cancers have significantly declined for decades, with the major exception of respiratory tract cancers.

TL;DR: A research project on characterization of Industrial Effluents indicated that a number of chemical and biological methods can be used to characterize complex industrial wastewaters with regard to their content of toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative substances.

TL;DR: This concept employing atmospheric nitrogen fixation instead of fertilizer to grow food and feed crops, while a complex engineering task, is possible and the opportunities and difficulties are discussed.

TL;DR: A fundamental formula for setting the optimal beneficial dose level is derived and the formula equates the probability function to a ratio of loss functions, and the current approach for quantitative risk assessment is a special situation of this general model.

TL;DR: The subject of this conference-Causation and Financial Compensation-brings to a lawyer’s mind the authors' field of tort law as the first and freest association, and how to provide for the resulting human needs.

TL;DR: The legislative application of regulatory toxicology in Canada is reviewed, together with the sources of experimental evidence used for action, and examples are given of the critical toxicological information that led to a regulatory decision.

TL;DR: A new Codex committee has met for the first time--the Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food, and its responsibilities will include establishing a list of priority drugs for review, recommending maximum residue levels, developing codes of practice, and reviewing analytical methods used to control veterinary drug residues.

TL;DR: The analysis indicates that the TLV-derived approach using TLV/420 and the appropriate averaging time is in wide disagreement with both validating methodologies.

TL;DR: Hazardous waste regulations for hydrophobic compounds such as PCBs should be based upon chronic toxicity data and should also consider bioaccumulation potential, as acute toxicity tests do not adequately evaluate the general toxicity of PCB-contaminated soils.