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Showing papers in "Relaciones Internacionales in 2005"


Journal Article
TL;DR: The principal asunto que se cuestiona en los debates sobre teoria social es el tipo de fundamento que puede ofrecer el conjunto de preguntas and las estrategias de investigacion mas provechosas para poder explicar los cambios revolucionarios que parecen estar ocurriendo in el sistema internacional desde finales del siglo XX.
Abstract: Todas las teorias de relaciones internacionales se basan en teorias sociales de relaciones entre agentes, procesos y estructuras sociales. Las teorias sociales no determinan el contenido de nuestra teoria internacional, pero estructuran las preguntas que nos hacemos sobre la politica mundial y nuestros enfoques en las respuestas a esas cuestiones. El principal asunto que se cuestiona en los debates sobre teoria social es el tipo de fundamento que puede ofrecer el conjunto de preguntas y las estrategias de investigacion mas provechosas para poder explicar los cambios revolucionarios que parecen estar ocurriendo en el sistema internacional desde finales del siglo XX.

1,853 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The main topic in the social theory debates is what kind of fundament can offer the set of questions and which are the most profitable research strategies in order to explain the revolutionary changes that seems to be going on since the end of the XXth century as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Todas las teorias de relaciones internacionales se basan en teorias sociales de relaciones entre agentes, procesos y estructuras sociales. Las teorias sociales no determinan el contenido de nuestra teoria internacional, pero estructuran las preguntas que nos hacemos sobre la politica mundial y nuestros enfoques en las respuestas a esas cuestiones. El principal asunto que se cuestiona en los debates sobre teoria social es el tipo de fundamento que puede ofrecer el conjunto de preguntas y las estrategias de investigacion mas provechosas para poder explicar los cambios revolucionarios que parecen estar ocurriendo en el sistema internacional desde finales del siglo XX. All international relations theories are based on social theories about agents, processes and social structures. Social theories do not determine the content of our international theory but they structure our questions about global politics and our answers approaches to those questions. The main topic in the social theory debates is what kind of fundament can offer the set of questions and which are the most profitable research strategies in order to be able to explain the revolutionary changes that seems to be going on since the end of the XXth century.

21 citations




Journal Article
TL;DR: There has always been two histories to tell about International Relations as mentioned in this paper : one that explains structures and processes and another that understands individual and collective actions. But the first one has been predominant in our discipline, forgetting what International Relations truly means for the states and for global political actors.
Abstract: There’s always been two histories to tell about International Relations. One that explains structures and processes and another that understands individual and collective actions. But the first one has always been predominant in our discipline, forgetting what International Relations truly means for the states and for global political actors.

8 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In 1989, the political systems of three centuries came to an end in Europe: the balance-of-power and the imperial urge as mentioned in this paper, and that year marked not just the end of the Cold War, but also, and more significantly, a state system in Europe which dated from the Thirty Years War.
Abstract: In 1989 the political systems of three centuries came to an end in Europe: the balance-of-power and the imperial urge. That year marked not just the end of the Cold War, but also, and more significantly, the end of a state system in Europe which dated from the Thirty Years War. September 11 showed us one of the implications of the change.

7 citations





Journal Article
TL;DR: The authors revisar el proceso historico de inclusion of the aspectos de genero in the agenda del desarrollo and the cooperación internacional, concluding that the adopcion del prisma de los derechos humanos in las estrategias de desarrolo ha traido consigo, de forma inevitable, the "feminizacion" de estas ultimas.
Abstract: Este trabajo pretende revisar el proceso historico de inclusion de los aspectos de genero en la agenda del desarrollo y la cooperacion internacional. Para ello se examinaran tres instrumentos especificos que han servido para introducir la perspectiva de los derechos humanos en las estrategias de desarrollo y cooperacion. En primer lugar se examinara la Convencion para la Eliminacion de todas las Formas de Discriminacion contra las Mujeres (CEDAW) de 1979. En segundo termino se tratara la Conferencia de Beijing de 1995 y, por ultimo, se analizara el papel de la perspectiva de genero en los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) del ano 2000. La conclusion es que la adopcion del prisma de los derechos humanos en las estrategias de desarrollo ha traido consigo, de forma inevitable, la "feminizacion" de estas ultimas. No obstante, a pesar de los avances en la formulacion de la agenda politica de genero en el desarrollo, el reto se sigue centrando hoy dia en la aplicacion de la perspectiva de genero en la practica del desarrollo y la cooperacion internacional.

3 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the full list for accreditation that has been approved to participate in the second High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation on a non-objection basis.
Abstract: With reference to my letter dated 29 January 2019 regarding the extension of deadline for Member States to consider the list of new applications of representatives of other relevant non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, academic institutions, the scientific community, the private sector and philanthropic organizations for accreditation to participate in the second High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation on a non-objection basis by 1 February, I have the honour to enclose herewith the full list for accreditation that has been approved to participate in the said High-level Conference.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the Argentine government?s actions in order to see whether Argentine Foreign Policy accompanied American Policies in the Latin American context, in particular in the context of the so-called Argentine Revolucion.
Abstract: La Guerra Fria consistio en la division mundial bajo la influencia de dos superpotencias: Estados Unidos y la URSS. En este contexto de confrontacion ideologica, se era capitalista o comunista; los diferentes paises del denominado Tercer Mundo se reconocian dentro de uno u otro de los bandos en particular pasando a configurar territorios perifericos en los cuales se desarrollaba verdaderamente esta guerra. Dentro de este marco y especificamente entre los anos 1966- 1973 se desarrollaba en nuestro pais la denominada Revolucion Argentina la cual comprendio los gobiernos de los generales Juan Carlos Ongania, Marcelo Levingston y Alejandro Agustin Lanusse. El objetivo del presente trabajo sera determinar el accionar del gobierno argentino en el periodo de dicha Revolucion, para establecer si en la practica la Politica Exterior Argentina acompano a la norteamericana en sus lineamientos generales dentro del ambito latinoamericano. The Cold War consisted of a world division under the influence of two superpowers: the US and the USSR. In this context of ideological confrontation, one was either capitalistic or communist. The so-called Third World Countries saw themselves as belonging to either side, becoming peripheral territories where the true war took place. Within this framework and specifically between 1966- 1973, our country was going through the so-called Argentine Revolution, which comprised the governments of Generals Juan Carlos Ongania, Marcelo Livingston and Alejandro Agustin Lanusse. The aim of this paper is to describe the Argentine government?s actions in order to see whether Argentine Foreign Policy accompanied American Policies in the Latin American context.


Journal Article
TL;DR: The feasibility of the agreements between Korea and Mercosur considering not only economic factors but also proposing to include other aspects such as political issues, cultural exchanges artistic and educational linkages as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: El autor analiza en profundidad la viabilidad de los acuerdos entre Corea y el Mercosur considerando no solo las variables economicas sino que tambien plantea la necesidad de enriquecer la agenda bilateral incluyendo temas de tipo politico, cultural, artistico, educacional. Si bien aun no se han iniciado formalmente las negociaciones, la activa agenda exterior del Mercosur-una de las areas en las que el acuerdo regional ha alcanzado mayor dimensiones-propone como una de sus metas llegar a un acuerdo que permita un mayor acceso a un mercado de dificil entrada. Finalmente, el autor sugiere una serie de caminos que deberian recorrer las partes para romper la logica exclusivamente comercial. The autor analizes the feasibility of the agreements between Korea and Mercosur considering not only economic factors but also proposing to include other aspects such as political issues, cultural exchanges artistic and educational linkages. Even though the formal negotiations did not start yet, the active foreign agenda of Mercosur-one of the areas in which the agreement did very well-proposes as one its goals to reach an agreement to obtain a better access to that difficult market. The author suggests many actions that should be taken to break the exclusive focus on trade issues.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The contributions of feminism to International Relations are one of the most important sources of renewal of the current international theory, although these contributions have generated a series of resistances to the transversalizating feminist methodology in the discipline as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The contributions of Feminism to International Relations are one of the most important sources of renewal of the current international theory, although these contributions have generated a series of resistances to the transversalizating feminist methodology in the discipline. This article discusses the reason of this resistance trying to answer five questions: 1. Why in all societies women are discriminated political, social and economically in relation to men? And, to which extent, unequal power relations between men and women are based both in the international system of states, as in the mechanisms contributing to the selective distribution of prosperity in the global economy? 2. Why feminism and feminist methodologies are presented in the framework of the discipline of International Relations (IR), as alternative, complementary, different, minor, or even higher perspectives, creating, in doing so, artificial hierarchies? 3. Why are the discussions recurrently focused on the self-justifications of such approaches on its theoretical consistency, and are barely focused in what it could mean for the renewal of International Relations, the transversal integration of gender analysis? This substantially differs from the mere aggregation of the contributions of feminism to the menu of the different theoretical approaches to discipline. 4. Why is this integration shown as a road yet to go? It is often said to be fragile, alternative, pending to be approved, exhausted in internal debates; without methodological tools, and devoid of enough legitimacy to become a transversal axis of the epistemological renewal of International Relations. 5. How is it possible to deny that feminist contributions, above its diversity of perspectives and approaches, identifies a central lack of the IR that distorts our understanding of the reality of the discipline?

Journal Article
TL;DR: Hintze as mentioned in this paper analyzes the modern state creation with an special emphasis on power struggles, on the national sovereignty creation based on conflict and difference and on the cause connection between certain types of state configuration and certain constitutional forms.
Abstract: Articulo clasico de la disciplina de Relaciones Internacionales de Otto Hintze. En el se analiza la creacion de los estados modernos con especial enfasis en las luchas de poder, la creacion de la soberania nacional sobre la base del conflicto y la diferencia y la conexion causal entre diversos tipos de configuracion de los Estados y ciertas formas constitucionales. Classic International Relations article from Otto Hintze. He analyzes the modern state creation with an special emphasis on power struggles, on the national sovereignty creation based on conflict and difference and on the cause connection between certain types of state configuration and certain constitutional forms.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The contributions of feminism to International Relations are one of the most important sources of renewal of the current international theory, although these contributions have generated a series of resistances to the transversalizating feminist methodology in the discipline as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The contributions of Feminism to International Relations are one of the most important sources of renewal of the current international theory, although these contributions have generated a series of resistances to the transversalizating feminist methodology in the discipline. This article discusses the reason of this resistance trying to answer five questions: 1. Why in all societies women are discriminated political, social and economically in relation to men? And, to which extent, unequal power relations between men and women are based both in the international system of states, as in the mechanisms contributing to the selective distribution of prosperity in the global economy? 2. Why feminism and feminist methodologies are presented in the framework of the discipline of International Relations (IR), as alternative, complementary, different, minor, or even higher perspectives, creating, in doing so, artificial hierarchies? 3. Why are the discussions recurrently focused on the self-justifications of such approaches on its theoretical consistency, and are barely focused in what it could mean for the renewal of International Relations, the transversal integration of gender analysis? This substantially differs from the mere aggregation of the contributions of feminism to the menu of the different theoretical approaches to discipline. 4. Why is this integration shown as a road yet to go? It is often said to be fragile, alternative, pending to be approved, exhausted in internal debates; without methodological tools, and devoid of enough legitimacy to become a transversal axis of the epistemological renewal of International Relations. 5. How is it possible to deny that feminist contributions, above its diversity of perspectives and approaches, identifies a central lack of the IR that distorts our understanding of the reality of the discipline?

Journal Article
TL;DR: This paper analyzed globalisation from the angle of world power relations and highlighted the triumph of capitalism as a general framework, referring to the absence of values to counteract market fundamentalism, which endangers democracy itself.
Abstract: El articulo en cuestion analiza a la globalizacion desde el angulo de las relaciones de poder en el mundo. Tiene un sentido critico, pero rescata tambien el triunfo del capitalismo como marco general, aunque resalta la ausencia de valores que contrapesen al fundamentalismo del mercado sin lo cual corre peligro la propia democracia. En este contexto general aparece el terrorismo como desafio y el enunciado de la nueva vision estrategica de los Estados Unidos formulado por George W. Bush en 2002. Esta vision exhibe una cierta tendencia hacia politicas imperiales similares a las llevadas a cabo por Roma a principios de la era cristiana, si bien los paralelismos no son exactos dada la configuracion de la sociedad norteamericana y los contrapesos que ofrece el sistema internacional. This article analyses globalisation from the angle of world power relations. It takes a critical stance, but it also highlights the triumph of capitalism as a general framework, referring to the absence of values to counteract market fundamentalism, which endangers democracy itself. In this general context, terrorism appears as a challenge and the statement of the new strategic vision of the US formulated by George W Bush in 2002. This vision shows a certain tendency towards imperialistic policies similar to those of Rome at the beginning of the Christian era. Parallelisms are not exact given the configuration of the American society and the counterweights offered by the international system.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors make reference to the "Security Strategy for the 21st century" carried out by the US government in 1997, and its influence on Iraq, and apply the principles of such document led the US to act unilaterally, justifying war as inevitable, moving from hypocrisy to lying, disregarding the legitimate rights of peoples and introducing insecurity in their own territory by feeding international terrorism.
Abstract: El hecho de que el siglo XXI se inaugure con una guerra contra Irak, a la que se respondio con una escalada terrorista, nos sumerge en un mundo cargado de inquietud y dramatismo. En el presente trabajo haremos referencia a "La Estrategia de Seguridad para el siglo XXI", elaborada por el gobierno de EEUU en 1997, y su incidencia en Irak. Aplicar los principios del citado documento llevo a EEUU a actuar unilateralmente, justificando el empleo de la guerra como inevitable, moviendose entre la hipocresia y la mentira, desconociendo legitimos derechos de los pueblos e introduciendo la inseguridad dentro de su mismo territorio al alimentar la vigencia del terrorismo internacional, fenomeno mediante el cual responde Medio Oriente asestando duros golpes a emblemas del poder internacional y a todos los que con el colaboran. The fact that the 21st century opened with a war against Iraq, which was counterattacked by terrorist attacks, plunges us into a world loaded with disquiet and anguish. In the present paper we will make reference to the "Security Strategy for the 21st century" carried out by the US government in 1997, and its influence on Iraq. Applying the principles of such document led the US to act unilaterally, justifying war as inevitable, moving from hypocrisy to lying, disregarding the legitimate rights of peoples and introducing insecurity in their own territory by feeding international terrorism. It is to such phenomenon that the Middle East responds by hitting international power symbols and those supporting them.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce different situations and cases which took place in relation to Argentina and the US during the Second World War, which will be analysed from the perspective of decision-making models.
Abstract: A pesar de la distancia geografica que la separaba del frente de batalla, la Segunda Guerra Mundial tuvo una enorme repercusion en la Argentina; su impacto sobre los diferentes sectores sociales y politicos fue el detonante que dejo su impronta en la discusion ideologica y politica de la epoca. El proposito de este trabajo es introducir diferentes situaciones y casos que se dieron en la relacion entre Argentina y Estados Unidos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los cuales van a ser analizados bajo la lupa de los distintos modelos utilizados en la teoria de la toma de decisiones; modelos que interactuan mutuamente, aunque uno de ellos haya sido mas predominante que otro en el proceso decisorio de cada caso particular . El analisis detallado de cada caso permite reconocer las limitaciones y realidades de los hombres y circunstancias que mayor influencia tuvieron en el marco de las relaciones argentinoestadounidenses. In spite of the huge geographic distance from the battlefront, the Second World War had great repercussions in Argentina; its impact on different social and political sectors was the trigger of much political and ideological discussion at the time. The purpose of this paper is to introduce different situations and cases which took place in relation to Argentina and the US during the Second World War, which will be analysed from the perspective of decision-making models. These models are mutually interactive, even if one of them has been predominant in each particular case. The detailed analysis of each case allows us to see the limitations and realities of men and circumstances which had a great influence within the framework of American-Argentine relations.


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a distinguished portuguese academic, residente en Macao, proposes to analize one of the issues that is attracting today the attention of most of the international specialists: The present role of China and its future projection as a big World power, that, in the future, can question the sole leadership of the U.S.
Abstract: El prestigioso academico portugues, residente en Macao, pone sobre la mesa de debate una de las cuestiones que hoy mas atraen la atencion de los analistas internacionales: El rol actual de China y su proyeccion futura como gran potencia mundial, que quizas un dia cuestione el liderazgo global de los propios Estados Unidos. Desde su punto de vista, el "ascenso pacifico" de China revela una intencion de ese pais por presentarse como un pais confiable pero que sin embargo genera muchas inquietudes en el resto del planeta. The distinguished portuguese academic, Macao resident, proposes to analize one of the issues that is attracting today the attention of most of the international specialists: The present role of China and its future projection as a big World power, that, in the future, can question the sole leadership of the U.S. From his point of view, the "pacific ascension" of China reveals the intention of that country to show himself as a credible country but, however, that creates in the rest of the world some doubts about its real intentions.