Showing papers in "Remote Sensing of Environment in 1987"

TL;DR: In this paper, the spatial structure of images as a function of spatial resolution is measured for selecting the appropriate scale for remote sensing, and graphs are obtained by imaging the scene at fine resolution and then collapsing the image to successively coarser resolutions while calculating the local variance.

TL;DR: In this article, the ability of satellite sensor systems to estimate area-averaged canopy photosynthetic and transpirative properties is evaluated, and the near linear relationship between the simple ratio (SR) and normalized difference (ND) and the surface biophysical properties of canopy photoynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorption, photosynthesis, and bulk stomatal resistance is studied.

TL;DR: Two other methods, based on ratioing of data from different image channels, are discussed, that exaggerated color saturation without greatly modifying hue and were discussed that utilized principal-component analysis and HSI transformation of the image data.

TL;DR: In this article, the in-flight absolute radiometric calibration of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) and the Thematic Mapper (TM) on Landsat 4 are reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, a two-stream approximation to the radiative transfer equation is used to calculate the vegetation indices (simple ratio and normalized difference), the fraction of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by the canopy, and the daily mean canopy net photosynthesis under clear-sky conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, a leaf water content index incorporating reflectances of wavelengths from 0.76 to 0.90 microns and from 1.55 to 1.75 microns was developed that relates leaf reflectance to leaf relative water content.

TL;DR: In this article, the evolution of current understanding of the mechanisms of leaf reflectance is reviewed and the use of measurements of polarized reflectance to separate leaf reflectances into diffuse and specular components is discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the relationship between remote sensing data and the leaf area index (LAI) of coniferous forests using data acquired by an Airborne Thematic Mapper.

TL;DR: The spectral behavior of an arid, Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), range canopy with varying quantities of live, green grass, senesced, yellow grass, weathered, gray litter, and different soil backgrounds was analyzed with a ground-based radiometer.

TL;DR: In this article, a basis is developed for comparing results from different sensors using instrument calibration coefficients, and the derived radiances are related to reflectances, principal component variables such as greenness, and spectral vegetation indices.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use multitemporal satellite data to estimate the photosynthetic capacity of the terrestrial surface and record microwave surface brightness at the 37 GHz frequency for detecting and quantifying areas experiencing drought.

TL;DR: A procedure is developed for combining high spatial resolution panchromatic data with lower resolution multispectral data in order to produce high spatialresolution digital data in multisectral form.

TL;DR: In this paper, an unsupervised clustering algorithm was applied to each image, where the input classification parameters are defined as functions of apparent sensor noise, and class confidence and accuracy were computed for all water areas by comparing the classified images, pixel-by-pixel, to rasterized SAV distributions derived from color aerial photography.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the information content of Landsat TM and MSS data to assess the ability of digitally differentiate urban and near-urban land covers around Miami, FL.

TL;DR: In this paper, the accuracy of radiance data obtained from Landsat MSS data is examined and the equations and parameters for converting MSS measurements to physical units, such as radiance, are presented.

TL;DR: In this article, a procedure for calibrating reference reflectance panels using the sun as the radiation source and a pressed polytetrafluoroethylene powder standard is described.

TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral interpretation of scene understanding in aridland/rangeland regions is proposed to meet the need for low-cost management information over large expanses of land.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model dealing with the influence of soil surface roughness on soil reflectance in the visible and near-infrared range is discussed, based on the assumption that the reflectance from anisotropic rough soil surfaces is strongly correlated with the area of shadowed soil fragments, and therefore depends on the degree of soil roughness as well as on the illumination and the viewing geometry.

TL;DR: In this article, the calibration requirements for ocean-viewing sensors are outlined, and the present methods of effecting such calibration are described in detail, and it is suggested that provision be made for the sensor to view solar irradiance in diffuse reflection and that the moon be used as a source of diffuse light for monitoring the sensor stability.

TL;DR: In this article, the application of digital spectral data collected by the multispectral scanner (MSS) on the Landsat satellite for estimating suspended sediments in aquatic ecosystems where mean annual concentrations of suspended sediment are greater than 50 mg L−1.

TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of reflectance factors of 16 wheat plots (four different cultivars with four different planting dates) was monitored using a high spectral resolution radiometer (1024 spectral bands between 468 and 1064 nm).

TL;DR: In this article, the intensity and polarization of light scattered by clover in vivo and soil were measured at a number of different angles of incidence and reflectance, and it was shown that the light transmitted through the leaves was negatively polarized.

TL;DR: In this article, the shortwave reflected terrestrial irradiance that is measured at satellite altitude is computed using a fairly accurate radiative transfer model which accounts for multiple scattering and bidirectional effects.

TL;DR: The polarized reflectance factor R q of sorghum leaves from field-grown plants was measured in situ in the summers of 1983 and 1984 and differences in R q were attributed to changes in surface details of the leaf.

TL;DR: Albedo and equivalent blackbody temperatures from the 5-channel Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the NOAA-7 satellite have been examined for two consecutive passes of the satellite over the St. Louis area when snow was on the ground.

TL;DR: Reflectance measurements were carried out in the field with a spectroradiometer covering the wavelength range 0.4-2.3 μm as mentioned in this paper, and the spectral reflectances were determined through measurements performed in a nadir looking direction from a mobile platform 15 m above the ground.

TL;DR: In this article, two different approaches have been applied to problems of rangeland monitoring using MSS data, referred to as the near infrared over red ratio and the darkening effect.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an example from the thermal infrared spectral region illustrates that analysis algorithms provide the link between satellite-derived results and the required accuracy of satellite calibration, and demonstrate the need for better information concerning instrumentation, estimation of atmospheric effects, and ground verification of satellite measured radiances.

TL;DR: An approximation to the radiative transfer equation for solar radiation in relatively full, homogeneous plant canopies is presented and solved analytically for solar zenith angles less than 60 degrees.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the different wavelength bands of the Landsat-5 MSS and TM, NOAA-9 AVHRR, and SPOT-1 sensors on two vegetation indices, the normalized difference (ND) and near IR to red ratio (RATIO), were evaluated.