Showing papers in "Remote Sensing of Environment in 1995"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a combination of ecological principles, satellite data, and surface data to predict terrestrial net primary production (NPP) on a monthly time step, and estimated annual terrestrial NPP to be 48 Pg and the maximum efficiency of PAR utilization (ϵ∗) to be 0.39 g C MJ−1 PAR.

TL;DR: The SNOMAP algorithm as discussed by the authors was developed to map global snow cover using Earth Observing System (EOS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data beginning at launch in 1998.

TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral vegetation indices (SVI) derived from combinations of spectral reflectance measurements were used to estimate the photosynthetically active radiation absorbed (APAR) by the vegetation.

TL;DR: In this article, four time-sequential Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images of an area of Amazon forest, pasture, and second growth near Manaus, Brazil were classified according to dominant ground cover, using a new technique based on fractions of spectral endmembers.

TL;DR: In this article, the spectral features of bigleaf maple seedlings were used to predict chlorophyll and nitrogen from the reflectance (R ) spectra of the leaves of a single bigleaf tree.

TL;DR: In this paper, narrow-band field reflectance spectra were acquired of a rooted pinyon pine canopy with five different gravel backgrounds and the performance of the vegetation indices was evaluated based on their capability to accurately estimate leaf area index and percent green cover.

TL;DR: In this paper, the PROSPECT leaf optical properties and SAIL reflectance models were coupled and inverted using a set of 96 AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) equivalent spectra gathered in a field experiment on sugar beet plots expressing a large range in leaf area index, chlorophyll concentration, and soil color.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the progress made in the measurement of soil moisture and the factors such as vegetation and surface roughness that affect these measurements, and develop algorithms so that soil moisture information can be obtained on a local as well as a global basis.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the use of metrics derived from the NDVI temporal profile, as well as measures derived from observations in red, infrared, and thermal bands, to improve discrimination between 12 cover types on a global scale.

TL;DR: Washita'92 was a large-scale study of remote sensing and hydrology conducted on the Little Washita watershed in southwest Oklahoma as discussed by the authors, which included passive microwave observations using an L-band electronically scanned thinned array radiometer ( ESTAR) and surface soil moisture observations at sites distributed over the area.

TL;DR: A review of the state and direction of biosphere-atmosphere model development and an assessment of the data needs of the models can be found in this article, where a prioritized list of data sets required to meet this need is discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, a simple algorithm to retrieve sail moisture and vegetation water content from passive microwave measurements is analyzed, based on a zeroth-order solution of the radiative transfer equations in a vegetation layer.

TL;DR: The state-of-the-art on radiative transfer modeling in vegetation canopies and the application of such models to the interpretation and analysis of remotely sensed optical data is summarized.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple new logic for classifying global vegetation is proposed, which is based on simple, observable, unambiguous characteristics of vegetation structure that are important to ecosystem biogeochemistry and can be measured in the field for validation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an assessment of the state-of-the-art of surface state remote sensing algorithms to infer land vegetation cover and soil moisture on a global basis.

TL;DR: A modification of the simplified method used to obtain the integrated daily evapotranspiration from surface radiant temperature over variable vegetation cover is proposed in this article, where the simplified equation takes the form Rn 24 − LE 24 =(T o13 − T a13 ) n, where Rn24 and LE24 are the integrated net radiation and evapOTranspiration over a 24-h period and T013 and Ta13 are, respectively, the surface radiant and the 50m air temperatures at 1300 local time.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review current capabilities and activities to infer these forcing functions from satellite observations and discuss future needs, including the fluxes of downward surface shortwave radiation (DSSR) and Net Surface Shortwave Radiation (NSSR).

TL;DR: In this paper, the estimation of canopy gap fraction [Po(0)] from red and near-infrared reflectance is investigated, using classical vegetation indices (VI) and backpropagation neural networks.

TL;DR: In this article, techniques to locate and estimate the aroas of fires in the boreal forests of Alaska using satellite imagery from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) are described.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed both the nonlinear and linear least squares spectrum-matching techniques for deriving equivalent water thickness (EWT) of vegetation from AVIRIS data in the 1.0 and 1.6 μm regions.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of current satellite algorithms to estimate photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the Earth's surface is presented, and selected results are presented, about 10% and 6% on daily and monthly time scales, respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, a geophysical and biophysical information processor for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is presented, which operates in a sequential fashion to first classify terrain according to structural attributes and then apply class-specific retrievals for geophysical properties.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of satellite image classification techniques to delineate forest wetlands in Maine was conducted, including a GIS rule-based model and an unsupervised classification method.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the current state of inclusion of land surface processes in climate models and requirements for further observations, and present a set of algorithms for these processes and the numerical parameter values required by those algorithms.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new fast CR model was developed taking advantage of positive features of the Nilson-Kuusk and the SAIL canopy reflectance (CA) models, which considers the diffuse and specular reflection of shortwave radiation on leaves, the canopy hot spot, and non-lambertian soil.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors simulated the backscatter from a floodplain forest with a flooded or non-flooded ground condition at C-, L-, and P-bands.

TL;DR: In this article, five methods are described for extracting information about the surface energy budget from a combination of satellite thermal observations and various amounts of ancillary data and the importance of distinguishing between aerodynamic and radiative temperatures is discussed and definitions for each are proposed.

TL;DR: In this article, an electromagnetic model based on radiative transfer theory is proposed to simulate the microwave polarimetric backscatter of agricultural fields, which is solved by means of a numerical algorithm, namely matrix doubling.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a comprehensive land surface scheme that integrates biophysical, biogeochemical, and ecosystem dynamical processes, which is the logical model to calculate land-atmosphere CO{sub 2} exchange at diurnal to annual time scales.

TL;DR: The HAPEX-Sahel (Hydrologic Atmospheric Pilot Experiment in the Sahel) was an international program focused on the soil-plant-atmosphere energy, water and carbon balance in the west African Sahel as mentioned in this paper.