Showing papers in "Renewable Energy in 1997"

TL;DR: In this paper, the benefits and status of bioethanol production technology, focusing mostly on recent developments in the United States of America, are reviewed and the composition of representative lignocellulosic biomass species is presented and processing options under investigation.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance analysis of a conventional hybrid photovoltaic/thermal air heating collector is studied. But, the authors focus on the performance of a single-glass and double-glass configuration.

TL;DR: In this article, an analytical study on solar energy utilization in space cooling of a small residential application using a solar lithium bromide absorption system was performed for all possible climatic conditions of Beirut.

TL;DR: In this article, a hill-climbing control method with which it is possible to extract wind energy effectively, even when the system characteristic is unknown, is suggested, with the objective of following the quasi-maximum output only by measurements of the load terminal voltage and current, which are relatively simple to measure with high accuracy.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the formation and development of the three-dimensional near-wake of a small horizontal-axis wind turbine over a range of tip speed ratios, and show that at the lowest tip speed ratio, the turbulence level in the wake is very high, suggesting separation from the blades which are operating at high angles of attack.

TL;DR: In this article, the starting performance of a small horizontal-axis wind turbine is analyzed in the context of a simple, quasi-steady analysis of the complex aerodynamics dominated by unsteadiness, high angles of attack, and low Reynolds number.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the regional patterns of wind energy potential along the western Aegean Sea coastal part of Turkey by considering its regional variability through the use of cumulative semivariogram (CSV) models.

TL;DR: In this paper, a quadratic relationship between solar insolation and duration of solar radiation data has been investigated in order to estimate monthly average global irradiance for Ankara, Antalya, Samsun, Konya, Urfa and Izmir.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used data from 15 anemometer meteorological stations, distributed all over Egypt and covering a period ranging from 1973 to 1994, to assess monthly and annual wind power and wind energy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the efficiency of a single stage anaerobic tank digester for biodegradation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) to environmentally acceptable products, and the results showed that the efficiencies obtained from the three set-ups are 96.91%, 96.50% and 94.5% respectively after 10 days of retention time.

TL;DR: In this paper, the availability of wind energy and its characteristics at Kumta and Sirsi in Uttara Kannada District of Karnataka have been studied based on primary data collected at these sites for a period of 24 months.

TL;DR: The major areas of direct utilization are (1) swimming, bathing and balneology, (2) space heating and cooling including district heating, (3) agriculture applications, (4) aquaculture, (5) industrial processes, and (6) heat pumps as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the design and construction of a solar chimney which was undertaken as part of a study on natural-circulation solar-energy dryers is reported, which consists of a 5.3 m high and 1.64 m diameter cylindrical polyethylene-clad vertical chamber, supported structurally by a steel framework.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the results of the experimental investigation and performance analysis of an advanced corrugated duct solar collector, which is constructed of corrugation surfaces similar to those used for compact heat exchangers, with the air flowing normal to the corrugations.

TL;DR: Arkenol has developed and patented a strong acid hydrolysis process which can economically convert cellulose into ethanol for transportation fuel as discussed by the authors, which offers enormous opportunity world wide to add incremental value to farming operations and displace expensive, imported, polluting oil fuel products.

TL;DR: In this paper, an exponential curve similar to the one used by ASHRAE was fitted to the measured solar radiation data of six cities from different regions of India to calculate hourly solar radiation, and three statistical indicators were used to compare the accuracy of the developed procedure.

TL;DR: In this article, the specific environmental advantages to the development of geothermal electrical power and direct use projects and demonstrates how environmental impacts can be easily mitigated using existing technologies are discussed and compared.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used TRNSYS, a transient simulation program, to optimize the design parameters for a thermosyphon solar water heater for two regions in Jordan represented by two cities, namely Amman and Aqaba.

TL;DR: In this paper, two approaches of the well-known modified Angstrom formula were developed from long term records of measured monthly mean daily global solar radiation and sunshine hour values obtained from 12 meteorological stations across Vietnam.

TL;DR: In this article, closed and open loops of polyethylene pipe are placed into the ground or into surface waters to effect heat exchange with the earth, which has significant benefits to the end user, to utility companies and to the local and national economies.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple algorithm was proposed to perform extraction of solar cell parameters such as photogenerated current (IL), series resistence (RS), parallel resistence, diode factor (a), and saturation currents (I01 and I02).

TL;DR: In this paper, the design and construction of an Integrated Collector Storage (ICS) system is presented, with the main advantage that such a collector system presents, with respect to conventional flat-plate collectors, is the fact that it is of a very low profile.

TL;DR: In this article, the top cover of a flat plate solar collector is generally exposed to wind, and it is necessary to simulate this wind in indoor experiments to evaluate the wind heat transfer coefficient over flat horizontal surfaces.

TL;DR: In this article, a light diffusing lens structure (40) is disposed in the optical path between the reflector (20) and the target area, where light is transmitted through the support structure (16), reflected from the surface of the reflectors (20), and dispersed about the target areas by the light diffuser lens structure.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the observed and estimated values of global solar radiation on horizontal surfaces obtained from the linear Angstrom type of correlation of Rehman and Halawani [1] for 52 cities spread in 11 countries; viz. India, Egypt, Sri Lanka, Spain, Zimbabwe, Yemen, Sudan, Italy, Zambia, Hong Kong and Malaysia.

TL;DR: In this article, a short-cut model suitable for the estimation of the overall wind park efficiency was developed by fitting the predictions of a detailed explicit kinematic wake model for a wide range of wind velocities, number of turbines utilized, relative distances of turbines and various types of commercial wind turbines.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a mathematical model to describe the energy balances for the glass cover, water in the basin and base plate, and the thermal capacity of the base plate and the temperature gradient through the width of the glass.

TL;DR: In this paper, a number of years worth of data concerning the solar radiation on a horizontal surface, sunshine duration and wind speed in Sudan have been compiled, evaluated and presented in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, a pumping system based on an induction motor driven by a voltage source inverter is investigated, and two control strategies are considered. And the operating characteristic of the array is thus controlled to match the voltage and current required by the motor.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a probabilistic model for the assessment of the optimal proportion of PV to wind generator capacities based on evaluation of costs and loss of load risk (LOLR).