Showing papers in "Research and reviews: journal of medical and health sciences in 2015"

OBESITY: An Overview

Abstract: Body condition in which the muscle to fat quotients gathers in such a sum, to the point that it influences the body in a damaging manner, that condition is commonnly known as heftiness. In the event that this condition is not controlled in a standard manner then it can prompt short future. At first it was accepted that corpulence wins just in high salary and created nations yet another study proposes that it is presently basic in low pay nations and creating nations. Development of the fat tissue and instinctive fat stations the danger of stoutness expands some complex circumstance, for example, insulin resistance, sort 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, steatohepatitis, and cardio- and cerebro-vascular illnesses.

A Review on Diabetes Mellitus: Complications, Management and Treatment Modalities

Abstract: Diabetes is a disease chronic disease which affects global population from long time. This review is an update on unknown complications, causes, treatment modalities of this disease. This article also provides a summary on disease management through various strategies.

Infertility Research: Is Current Status Satisfactory Or More Insights Needed To Be Drawn?

Abstract: Infertility defines the major problem of not being able to achieve pregnancy even after serial participation in unprotected intercourse [1]. There are 80 million couples suffering from infertility across the globe. Infertility has been observed notably in aged couples. Due to increase in life expectance, the average marriage age has raised to mid-thirties. This had a tremendous impact on delayed parenthood and many times leads to infertility [2]. Though infertility is not a major problem of concern in highly populated developing countries, the other factors like derogation of societal value and chances of spousal abandonment are forcing couples from having children and thus developing countries are also in need of infertility solutions [3,4]. Infertility can be primary or secondary. Primary infertility is when no pregnancy was achieved previously. Secondary infertility refers to no successful live births or miscarriage though pregnancy occurred previously [5]. The reasons for infertility are plenty [6-8]. Few include PCOS [916], male factor infertility [17-24], endometriosis [25-30], uterine fibroid, blockage of tubes, ovulation problems, unexplained infertility [31-33] and combined infertility [34]. Globally, the causes for the infertility were observed as 1957% by men, 30-64% by women and 8-30% by unexplained reasons [35].

A Review on Current Advancements in Nanotechnology

Abstract: Nanoparticles are becoming key components in a wide range of applications. Nanoparticle exploration is as of now a territory of extraordinary logical examination, because of a wide assortment of potential applications in biomedical, optical, and electronic fields. Research encompasses numerous disciplines, e.g. nanotechnology, molecular engineering, medicine, pharmaceutical drug manufacture, biology, chemistry, physics, optical components, polymer science, mechanical engineering, toxicology, cosmetics, energy, food technology and environmental and health sciences. This article emphasizes on the wide applications and uses of the nanoparticles in different fields. The use of nanotechnology in medicine and more specifically drug delivery is set to spread rapidly. Currently many substances are under investigation for drug delivery and more specifically for cancer therapy. This article also provides the cons of nanoparticles and their risks in regard of dietary aspects. The point of this survey is firstly to give a note of nanomaterial application to science and pharmaceutical, also to attempt to diagram the latest advancements in this field.

Alzheimer?s Disease and Glucose Metabolism

Abstract: A few epidemiological studies give prove that sort 2 diabetes mellitus builds the danger of adding to Alzheimer's malady fundamentally. Both issue share certain irregular natural components, for example, hindered glucose digestion system, insulin resistance, expanded β-amyloid arrangement, oxidative anxiety, and the vicinity of cutting edge glycation finished items. This audit concentrates on glucose digestion system weakness as a typical clinical and biochemical highlight shared by Alzheimer's infection and sort 2 diabetes. With better learning of the normal atomic and cell pathways included in the movement of these two issue, analysts may have the chance to outline compelling restorative mediations to treat or control sort 2 diabetes mellitus and, therefore, defer the onset or movement of Alzheimer's ailment. The pathogenesis recently onset sporadic Alzheimer's ailment (AD) is accepted to result from complex collaborations between wholesome, natural, epigenetic and hereditary components. Among those elements, adjusted flowing cholesterol homeostasis, autonomous of the APOE genotype, keeps on being ensnared in mind statement of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) and the pathogenesis of AD. It is accepted that trafficking of amyloid beta forerunner protein (AβPP) into endolysosomes seems to assume a basic part in deciding amyloidogenic preparing of AβPP in light of the fact that this is accurately where two chemicals discriminatingly critical in AβPP digestion system are found; beta amyloid changing over catalyst (BACE-1) and gamma secretase enzyme.

Analysis on different categories of Arthritis

Abstract: Joint pain influences the musculoskeletal framework. It is the fundamental driver of handicap among individuals more than fifty-five years old in diverse parts of the world. A joint is a zone of the body where two bones meet. Joint capacities to permit development of the body parts. Joint pain is not a solitary infection - it is a term that covers more than 100 restorative conditions.

Anti neoplastic drugs

Abstract: Anticancer drugs are the drugs that prevent or inhibit the maturation and proliferation of neoplasms. These are not only used in different types of cancers but also in conjunction with radiotherapy and immunotherapy in the combined modality approach for many solid tumors, especially metastatic. Generally the term cancer is used for all malignant tumors. Antineoplastic drugs is defined as the growth or mass of abnormal tissue formed due to excessive autonomous and uncoordinated cell proliferation.

Assessment of Patients with Neck Pain: The Most Valid Measurement Tools

Abstract: Several methods are proposed through literature to evaluate cervical pain. As a multi-dimensional phenomenon neck pain is associated to physical and psychological parameters which affect the measurements. A series of methods have been developed to measure pain such as questionnaires, diagnostic tests and devices. These tools are useful to evaluate the grade of pain but also to estimate the result of therapeutic interventions. The aim of this research is to present the most valid methods for the measurement of pain at the cervical area in adult population. Pain assessment includes pain scales, pain questionnaires, disability scales because of pain and pain devices. Because of the multi-dimensional nature of pain more than one method is used to have an integrated evaluation of the pain at the area of neck. The questionnaires, the scales and the devices which are used should be reliable, valid and there must be experience at their use. More research should be provided in order to strengthen the assessment of cervical pain.

Major Depressive Disorders

Abstract: In the intense stage, cognitive impedance in the zones of consideration, preparing pace, memory and official capacities has been broadly reported in the writing [1,2]. In their late survey, Mc Intyre et al. brought up the interceding part of cognitive shortfalls in psychosocial disability and prominently workforce execution in MDD patients [3-5]. Durable deficiencies can hamper social rearrangement and obstruct full recuperation. Therefore concentrating on neurocognitive profile of MDD patients after recuperation has incredible clinical ramifications [2]. The World Health Organization positions significant despondency as a standout amongst the most predominant and impairing maladies on the planet, and the lifetime pervasiveness of real depressive issue in the United States is 16.2%.Depressed patients additionally have related uneasiness issue (just about 60%), substance utilization issue (24%), and motivation control issue (30%) [5-8].

Effects of Metabolic syndrome

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is allied with abdominal obesity, blood lipid disorders, inflammation, insulin resistance, diabetes, and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and also finally death [1,2,3]. The prevalence of this sorting affects nearly 1 in 3 adults in the United States. Due to the high frequency of this syndrome, proper documentation of persons with MetS is vital in order to prevent and/or alter the multiple predictor variables associated with CVD related disease and mortality as well as its high healthcare costs [5-9]. The lethal consequences are probably due to the smoking and excess weight induced chronic inflammatory development on the endothelial system for a long run. White coat hypertension (WCH) is a first sign of the accelerated systemic atherosclerotic process which can be easily detected and treated by preventing weight gain. Diabetes is the largest non-contagious disease, currently affected are more than 382 million people aged between 20-79 years across the globe and type 2 diabetes indisputably is the main underlying subtype [10,11]. Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the main leading factor to cardiovascular mortality worldwide. [12]. Nevertheless, both clinical conditions T2DM and MetS are considered as high risk factors that are responsible for cardiovascular outcomes through collaboration of similar pathogenesis’ mechanisms [13]. Common to these diseases of metabolism is the associated development of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). Studies have shown a strong link between CMS and increased prevalence of peripheral vascular diseases, corona artery disease and myocardial infarctions as well as cerebro-vascular arterial diseases and stroke [9]. It consists of atherogenic dyslipidemia elevations of blood pressure (BP) and glucose, and prothrombotic and proinflammatory states [14-16].Metalic syndrome is considered as Obesity faced by many people. The constellation of Excess of lipids especially cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance, and central obesity is now classified as metabolic syndrome, also called syndrome X [16-18].

Liver Transplantation Overview

Abstract: The liver is an organ with numerous remarkable capacities and a high regenerative limit, ready to recapture its size, capacity and structure from as meager as 10% of the leftover mass. The rebuilding of liver mass is refined in launch, multiplication, and end stages, which are managed by a complex system of development elements and cytokines. Present discourse arrangements concentrating on the liver transplation and its immunological impacts

An Overview of Hypertension Pathophysiology

Abstract: Blood pressure (BP) regulation includes the coordinated activities of various cardiovascular, renal, neural, endocrines, and nearby tissue control frameworks. Interminable hypertension is an issue of long haul BP regulation, albeit transient BP control frameworks might likewise be influenced. Irregular kidney capacity, as reflected by resetting of renal-weight natriures is to higher BP, is available in all types of constant hypertension [1-5]. Be that as it may, debilitated renal-weight natriuresis and incessant hypertension can be created by extrarenal and in addition intrarenal components that lessen glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or increment renal tubular salt and water reabsorption; some of these variables incorporate abundance enactment of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone and thoughtful sensory systems, expanded receptive oxygen species, endothelin, and incendiary cytokines, or diminished union of nitric oxide and different natriuretic elements [6-9]. In spite of the fact that the exact reasons for hindered kidney work in human essential hypertension are not totally comprehended, extreme weight addition and dietary elements seem to assume a noteworthy part since hypertension is uncommon in non-stout seeker accumulates living in non-industrialized social orders. Late advances in hereditary qualities guarantee chances to find quality environment collaborations that may add to hypertension, despite the fact that achievement up to this point has been constrained predominantly to ID of uncommon monogenic types of hypertens [10-13].

Exploration of Traumatic brain-inflammatory alterations in Alzheimer?s disease pateint

Abstract: Since the expansive affiliation concentrates on in Alzheimer's illness have highlighted inflammation as a driver of the sickness as opposed to a result of the progressing neurodegeneration, various studies have been performed to recognize particular safe profiles connected with solid, maturing, or sick cerebrum. In any case, these studies have been performed basically in vitro or creature models, which reiterate just a few parts of the pathophysiology of human Alzheimer's illness. In this survey, we examine the accessibility of human after post-mortem tissue through cerebrum banks, the confinements connected with its utilization, the specialized instruments accessible, and the neuroimmune angles to investigate to accept in the human mind the test perceptions emerging from animal models.

Clinical Illness and Outcomes in Patients with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Study

Abstract: Purpose of review Pneumonia is considered as the main lung infectious diseases cause for death and also the seventh leading cause for death overall within the United States. There is important interest in understanding the connection between community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and mortality. Recent findings Pneumonia is that the seventh leading explanation for death in US. It’s calculable that there are four million cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)/yr within the US that ends in close to ten million medico visits, one million hospitalizations, and 45,000 deaths. There are not any massive studies from Asian nation on incidence of CAP; but, mortality knowledge on total variety of deaths square measure obtainable associated with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Variety of deaths owing to LRTI was 35.1/100,000 population in 2008 compared to 35.8/100,000 population for TB & deaths associated with gastro enteral infections & parasitic diseases was 194.9/100,000 population. As per the WHO knowledge overall mortality because of LRTI is around 20% in our country. Summary This review focuses on the latest literature assessing the importance and also the frequency of long associated outcomes in patients with CAP, the risk factors, and conceivable ramifications for future methods. Numerous danger elements that incorporate age, sex, comorbid conditions, kind of pneumonia, and seriousness of illness are connected with higher long-term mortality.

Insights of Schizophrenia

Abstract: Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder, classified separately from other disorders because no other psychiatric condition has evoked such diverse opinions. Substance abuse is a common concern of the family and friends of people with schizophrenia. Smoking, alcohol and illicit substance use are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with schizophrenia. The present commentary presents a brief information on Schizophrenia.

Sdgs and the Dawning of a New Globally Empowered Era of Women's Health and Wellbeing

Abstract: September 25, 2015 marked a global watershed, as world leaders from 193 countries adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It will apply valuable lessons learned from recently completed strategies of the fifteen-year Millennium Development Goals. This paper focuses on women's health and wellbeing, covered in all 17 Sustainable Development Goals, but emphasized in the fifth - "Gender equality and women's empowerment." After careful and thoughtful consideration of how the new goal may be implemented, this paper develops an interesting model depicting women and girls as central protagonists in effecting positive health and life-affirming changes in their own lives. The model emphasizes the protective umbrella paradigm of interwoven, multi-sectoral and reciprocal relationships. It illustrates how 2030 agenda implementation is aided by forging significant, peculiar, intricate, multi-dimensional and essential collaborations, including donor communities; national, regional, state and local governments; individuals, nuclear and extended families, community leaders, heads of social institutions; civil society organizations, and most critically, women and girls everywhere. The paper suggests how to initiate and bring into effective action the processes that will lead to these new enhanced changes for women and girls in each locality. Health promotion and health education theories will be invaluable tools.

Hyperglycemia in Type II Diabetic Patients: an Overview

Abstract: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder out of various lifestyle diseases. According to World Health Organization (W.H.O) and International Diabetes Federation (I.D.F) there may be vast increase the proportions. Nearly 382 million people were recorded in the world; it may be chance of rise to 592 million by upcoming years. Increase of Diabetic Mellitus mostly in much higher in developing countries compared to that of developed countries [1]. The ratio is like 42% in developed and 20% in developing Nations recorded consequently. U.A.E ranked top 5th among them and 7th leading in U.S.A cause of death in (2010). Most of the cases in U.S.A are under age of 20 have been diagnosed Diabetes.

Alzheimer Disease: A Neurogenetic Connection

Abstract: Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative issue that gradually dissolves a portion of the features of human cognizance. Amid the neurotic course of AD, beta-amyloid plaques structure which- reasons harm to neurons and results in the gross loss of cerebrum volume. As a result of AD, the harassed individual creates diminishes in intellectual/official capacity, memory impedance/misfortune, and the failure to restrain unseemly practices. Another method for saying this is that the tormented individual stops to be the individual whom they once were, i.e., their modalities of awareness has weakened. Changes in a few qualities, e.g., the quality variation APOE-epsilon4, APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and TREM2 have all been associated with the expanded frequency and more quick movement of AD. This has offered backing to the suggestion that there are neurogenetic relates of cognizance (NgCC). In past works, these NgCC have been portrayed into three neurogenetic periods of human awareness. Promotion is an essential sample of quality based neurodegeneration that can happen in the third neurogenetic stage. There is trust that manifestations of AD may be switched with the improvement of novel hereditary treatments. Some quality treatments are in progress, e.g., FGF2, leptin, and NEU1 with the point of switching AD symptomatology. On the off chance that these quality treatments are one day fruitful in turning around a percentage of the manifestations of AD, would they be able to in the end be utilized to upgrade human cognizance in people without AD?. Amid the most recent couple of decades a huge writing has advanced, proposing that tactile brokenness, especially smell and taste brokenness, can be early markers for neurodegenerative ailments, for example, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's and neuropsychiatric infections including ADHD and Schizophrenia, all illnesses that include dopaminergic pathology. Smell misfortune and taste brokenness show up in clinical versus non-clinical gatherings, and in longitudinal studies these side effects have been noted years sooner than engine signs in the first degree relatives of people who as of now have the illnesses.

Allergy and Clinical Immunotherapy

Abstract: The bureau asthma attack tips recommend the utilization of patient-reported outcomes, together with health-related quality-of-life measures, to assess asthma attack management. Almost 40% of kids with nourishment hypersensitivity have a background marked by serious responses that if not treated instantly with fitting solution can prompt hospitalization or even passing. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) assembled a specialist board in 2012 to create rules delineating proof based practices in diagnosing and overseeing sustenance unfavorable susceptibility.

A Broad Route on Psychology

Abstract: Brain science is the investigation of psyche and conduct of a person. They mirror the conduct and mental position.Past psycho-verifiable studies have suggested that the methods of childrearing all through mankind's history have advanced from infanticidal, forsaking, undecided, nosy, mingling, and helping methodologies [1-3]. Taken together as a complete record of the chronicled, social, and transformative improvements in comprehension childrearing modes, in a memorable socio connection, an expanded compassionate advancement of the grown-up and society towards the tyke can be seen over the long haul. The noteworthiness of this improvement lied in the expanded thankfulness and thought to re-incorporate the relinquished "tyke" self into adulthood; giving the driving force to the kids' rights developments and promotion, and empowering the significance of seeing and regarding youngsters basically as they are [4].

Male Infertility-A Threat to Alcoholics

Abstract: Any individual may accept that he is drinking due to one reason while actually he would be doing it for a complete diverse reason that he is not aware of. The greater part of us enjoys a beverage every so often, at home or when we get together with companions [2-6]. Yet, would you say you are drinking more than you might suspect? 28% of Scottish men drink 3 or more times a week1. Men drink more than ladies and obviously therefore, men endure all the more illnesses. A study has discovered that men have a tendency to drink when they feel furious and ladies encounter more depressive feelings the day following drinking [7-10].

Occupational Disorders and Risk Assessment: A Systematic Overview

Abstract: Around the globe, work has heavy impact on the health. Any chronic ailment that results due to continuous work or any occupational activity can be known as Occupational disease. Various occupational exposures lead to different types of Occupational diseases. These can be caused by both ‘exertional factors’ and ‘environmental factors’ of which the former include injuries that are caused by the amount of physical exertion needed to perform the job and the latter refer to the presence of chemicals, dust, fumes, gases and other substances in the workplace. However, it is not always that easy to designate a disease as being occupational. There are many diseases that could be related to occupation in one or the other way. On one hand there are some classical diseases which are occupational in nature and generally related to one causal agent. On the other hand, there are many kinds of disorders which probably include several possible causal agents without being related to occupation. The present review discusses about the various types of common occupational disorders prevailing in different working fields, work compensation act and measurements and steps to be taken to prevent the occupational diseases according to the Occupational Health and Safety regards.

A perspective on Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, which is autoimmune disorder. It affect multiple organs like skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs. Although liver dysfunction is not considered the main organ pathology or prognostic factor in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), it is not uncommon during the course of SLE. Liver complications in patients with SLE may be caused by lupus hepatitis (SLE-related hepatitis); autoimmune liver diseases, such as Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC); viral hepatitis; and drug-induced liver injury. Here, liver complications in patients with SLE are reviewed with a predilection for females, with a female-to male ratio of between 4.3 and 13.6, and a mean age at diagnosis of 34.3 years. Most are young women of childbearing age who suffer from such symptoms as intense fatigue and exhaustion, joint pains, thinking and memory problems, and skin rashes. In young adult women the peak incidence of about 5 in 100 000 per year.

Common dermatological diseases

Abstract: Dermatology is the branch of medicine concerned with the examination, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the skin, hair, nails, oral cavity and genitals. Our hair and nails are actually part of our living skin cells. Living skin cells produces both the hairs and nails. They protect us from outside elements and help us with needed functions such as scratching an itch or picking up small objects.

Clinical Trial Participation in India

Abstract: India is the clinical trials hub for some pharm companies of developed nations [1-10]. We are a nation with a vast pool of heterogeneous patients, substantial number of restorative ability with English tongue, expanding rates of clinics with great foundation and therapeutic supplies. The expense of clinical trial is reduced up to 60% when compared to that of developed nations. Notwithstanding that we have got some great administrative power set up in our nation [11-20]. Focal Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) regulates the clinical trial process in India through, ICMR and Indian GCP. These trials directed in India are guaranteed and sanction by universal rules and regulations, as, ICH and FDA under strict review of IRB/IEC. Clinical Trials in India had a look from CDISC because of its fast growth in the trials. Although these facilities seem to be enough for the establishment of more trials the limitations cease from the development. In this article we will discuss such limitations [21-30].

Sedative Drug, Pain and Intensive Care

Abstract: Anesthesia or anesthesia, customarily implied the state of having sensation (counting the inclination of torment) blocked or briefly taken away. It is a pharmacologically incited and reversible condition of amnesia, absense of pain, loss of responsiveness, loss of skeletal muscle reflexes or diminished anxiety reaction, or all at the same time. This permits the patients experience surgery and different methodology without the pain and torment they would somehow or another experience.