Showing papers in "Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology in 2018"

Knowledge and Awareness towards Oral Biopsy among Students of Saveetha Dental College.

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness and knowledge of the dental students towards oral biopsy as a diagnostic tool in relation to oral lesions. Background: Biopsy is defined as the removal of tissue from the living organisms for the purpose of microscopic examination and diagnosis. Clinician have to decide the type of biopsy required based on the site, clinical nature of the lesion, and proximity to vital structures. General dentists must be able to perform simple oral biopsies for the diagnosis of oral lesions. The capacity to differentiate between benign and premalignant or malignant oral lesions is essential for establishing a correct diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The survey was cross-sectional in design. Following participant self-administered enrolment in the study, data were collected by questionnaire that assessed participants’ knowledge on oral biopsy as a diagnostic tool in relation to oral lesions. A total of 100 questionnaires were disturbed to dental students of Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Results: The survey was completed within two weeks from the start of the study. Overall response rate was 100% and all completed the questionnaire (100 participants) within their stipulated time. The overall knowledge of the study participants was assessed based on their responses to the questionnaire. This study reveals that the dental students of Saveetha Dental College have a decent and fair general knowledge towards Oral Biopsy. The various ways to improve awareness regarding Oral biopsy as a diagnostic tool in relation to oral lesions are by conducting continuing medical education (CMEs), Workshops, Training students, etc.

A Systematic Review on the Effect of Use of Impregnated Retraction Cords on Gingiva

Abstract: Introduction: For teeth requiring crowns or replacement in the form of fixed dental prosthesis, gingival retraction becomes a mandatory procedure which aids in recording the prepared and unprepared surfaces of the abutment tooth. Various methods of retraction known in the past include mechanical (copper band, retraction cord packing, rubber dam placement), chemical and chemo mechanical (retraction cords soaked in racemic epinephrine, dl – aluminium sulfate, aluminium chloride, adrenaline hydrochloride and cordless paste – expasyl and expanding polyvinyl siloxane material) , rotary (gingettage, electro rotary) and laser. Though many new techniques have come up, by far, chemo-mechanical retraction of gingiva is widely preferred. Impregnated gingival retraction cords are known to efficiently perform retraction of the gingiva along with hemostasis. Objective: This systematic review is performed to assess the effects of gingival retraction done by cords impregnated with various chemicals on gingival health. Methods: Search Strategy: The data bases of Pubmed Central and Medline were searched for the related topics. Bibliographies of randomized control trials and reviews, identified in the electronic search, were analyzed for studies published outside the electronically searched journals. Results: The systematic search yielded 4 articles and one article was rejected on the basis of irrelevance of title and abstract. One article was excluded after examination of the core data, 2 articles were handpicked and a total of 4 articles were obtained based on the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: From all the articles considered in this review, we may conclude saying that knitted cords impregnated with aluminium chloride and potassium aluminium sulphate are more preferable than the rest.

Awareness about the use, Ethics and Scope of Dental Photography among Undergraduate Dental Students Dentist Behind the lens

Abstract: Aim: Evaluating the awareness of use, scope and ethics of dental photography in everyday practice among undergraduate dental students. Background: Photography often represents the best method to collect and preserve evidences. The attention towards the advanced photographic presentation in dentistry has increased significantly over the past several decades. Advancements in technology, computers, the internet and communication systems have greatly affected and shaped modern society. The main purpose of photography in dentistry is the registration of clinical information in the oral cavity. It also finds application for the purposes of dento legal documentation, to improve the learning process, communication and dental marketing. These applications improve the status of the dental practice as well as the quality of work and services. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional institution based study conducted among 176 undergraduate dental students. 176 undergraduate dental students of 3rd, 4th and 5th year of age group 21-25 years were included in the study. Each student was given a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a set of 11 questions. Both yes or no and multiple choice questions were present. The answers were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: All the students in the study were found to routinely use dental photography in their regular practice.82% of the students took some form of consent from the patient before taking the photograph and 93% maintained the confidentiality if the patient in social forums, Presentations and research publications. 62% of the participants are aware of a course called dental photography and 34% have already attended a course in dental photography. Conclusion: Combining a passion for photography with a dedication to dentistry will help us to successfully record patients cases and have a better proposition in teaching, motivation, treatment and follow up.

Recent Advancements in Laminates and Veneers in Dentistry

Abstract: AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To write a review on the recent advancements in laminates and veneers used in dentistry BACKGROUND: A veneer is a thin sheet of material placed on the front surface of the tooth, used for aesthetic purposes and protection.When multiple thin layers of wafer thin shells are placed it is called laminate veneer. Technology has allowed the recent advancements like thick Monochromatic Teeth Veneers, Stacked or FeldspathicTeeth Veneers, Teeth Veneers with Reinforced Leucite, Lithium Disilicate Teeth Veneers, Lumineers and the fabrication of advanced qualities of porcelain veneer which are ultra thin and offer superior aesthetics, greater life span and maximum strength. REASON: The reason of this review is to bring out the recent advancements of veneers and laminates in dentistry.

Analgesic Efficacy of Paracetamol Vs Ketorolac after Dental Extractions

Abstract: Patient seeking dental extraction in Saveetha Dental College were included in this study. Each participant was given a brief explanation of the study, and informed consent was obtained from each participant before inclusion in the study.20 patients were randomized into two treatment groups (each with 10 patients: group A received Paracetamol 500 mg and group B received Ketorolac 10 mg, orally. The durations of analgesia and pain intensity were recorded at the time interval of 10 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, and 6 hours. The pain intensity is recorded using the visual analog system (VAS).

MedDRA (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities)

Abstract: MedDRA is improved by ICH (international conference on hormonisation). It is defined as clinically validated international terminology for medical products used by regulatory authorities. It is a dictionary of adverse events. It is classified into 5 levels totaling over 81, 000 terms. When compared with the world health organization-adverse reaction terminology (WHO-ART) MedDRA is much larger dictionary. The main purpose of MedDRA is to provide uniform consistent, reliable methodology. Between the process of premarketing to the post marketing MedDRA terminologies are used. ICH recognized the different terminologies at different stages to make easy to analyze data. MedDRA was developed based on UK earlier version drug regulatory agency. For monitoring, product evaluation, electronic records exchange, communication, and oversight Medical dictionary for regulatory activities (MedDRA) became an important tool. In the MedDRA terms for diseases, signs, indications, medication errors, investigations, some terms for social medical history and some quality term procedures are included. In MedDRA drugs, advanced therapies and some device information was covered. To handle the information regarding clinical about biologics, pharmaceuticals, drug-device combinations and vaccines for entire life span of products MedDRA was created. Hardware or software are not required for MedDRA. specific functional system or version of a functional system is not required. Finally, MedDRA went live in early 1999.

Calcified Canal and Negotiation-A Review

Abstract: Pulp canal obliteration occurs commonly following traumatic injuries to teeth. Dental trauma to the permanent dentition can lead to clinical complications and its management may considerably challenge a practitioner. One such complication is Calcific Metamorphosis (CM) which can complicate entry in to the root canal system in the future due to difficulty in accessing the canal. It is the Calcific deposits of the pulp chamber that causes the darker hue, translucency loss and the yellowish appearance of the tooth's crown. Locating the canal and negotiating it to full working length may lead to iatrogenic errors such as fractured instrument and perforation. It is characterised by the deposition of hard tissue within the root canal space and a yellow discolouration of the crown. The affected teeth do not always react to sensibility tests for some time. Teeth undergoing pulpal obliteration are generally asymptomatic. The negotiation of small calcified canals is challenging.

510(k) Premarket Notification

Abstract: Premarket approval application is not essential but 510(k) must submit to FDA to market medical device in the U.S for human use. To conclude or to determine the device is substantially equivalent to the device which is already marketed. After getting a 510(k) clearance immediately device can be marketed by submitter. In such case where already marketed device is changed in its safety or effectiveness it might affect the manufacturer and there is essential to file a 510(k) submission by manufacturer. Manufacturer should submit 510(k) to FDA in case of modifications or changes in use, chemical composition, design, energy source etc,.510(k) submission depends upon the comparison between the already marketed device and new device in the U.S, to ascertain whether the device is safety and effectiveness.2

Awareness of diabetes mellitus among general population

Abstract: AIM: To create awareness about diabetes mellitus among general population. OBJECTIVES: To assess the level of awareness about causes, signs and symptoms, investigations, prevention, Treatment and complications of Diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted among 100 patients who reported to Saveetha dental college, aged between 15 to 70 years. A self administered questionnaire was used to investigate patient’s awareness and knowledge of Diabetes mellitus. BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem in India. There is an urgent need to educate the people about different aspects of diabetes mellitus -causes, risk factors diagnosis and treatment so that they may protect themselves from this disease. The participants of this study ranged between 15-70 years. RESULT: With the data collected 96.8% were aware of source, symptoms, complication, investigation of diabetes mellitus and remaining 3.2% were unaware about it.

Antibacterial activity of Orange peel oil on Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus - An In -vitro study

Abstract: AIM : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Orange peel oil on Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis. BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti bacterial activity of orange peel oil on streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus the potent initiator and leading cause of dental caries worldwide. Essential oils are distillates of the volatile compounds of a plant’s secondary metabolism and may act as phytoprotective agents. Their curative effect has been known since antiquity. It is based on a variety of pharmacological properties which are specific for each plant species. Antibacterial activity of the Orange peel oil was screened against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus using disc diffusion technique. The results of this study showed that the extracts at different concentrations exhibited anti bacterial activity against the bacterial species tested. METHOD : The antibacterial activity of the essential oils at different concentrations was screened by disc diffusion technique and the zone of inhibition was measured in mm diameter. RESULT : The results obtained from our study shows that the Orange peel oil have got a very good antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis in dose dependant manner.

A Comparative Study between Popplet Notes and Conventional Notes for Learning Pathology

Abstract: Aim and Objective: This study was done to compare the conventional notes and popplet notes for learning pathology among II year BDS students in Saveetha Dental College. Background: New methods are used to improve the standard of education. Pathology is a versatile subject and the concepts are hard to understand. Popplet helps in effective education and teaching. It interprets concepts in a better way, facilitates learning and improves the performance. Materials and Method: A total of 27 students were given conventional notes to learn and test was conducted and assessed. The same students were given popplet notes to learn and test was conducted and assessed. The results were compared to find the efficacy of two methods. Result: 70.3% of the students passed the test when they used conventional notes while 88.8% of the students passed the test when they used popplet notes for learning. Conclusion: Popplet notes simplifies the content, has the ability to insert images and the app can be installed free of cost. Students showed keen interest on using popplet notes than conventional notes. Using popplet notes is more effective than conventional notes.

Obesity in relation to Infertility

Abstract: Obesity, which is an important health issue, is a common problem among women of reproductive age Obesity and overweight involves an abnormal and excessive fat accumulation that negatively affects the health of the body It is associated with multiple adverse reproductive outcomes, but the mechanisms involved are largely unknown As obesity epidemic continues to spread, more and more people are being affected both in the short term and in the long term by the consequences While obesity is associated with reproductive dysfunction in both men and women throughout their lifespan, the impact on female reproductive health has been studied more, given the consequences of obesity on both mother and child The aim of the study is to show the relation of obesity to infertility This review deals with mechanism, obesity relation to male and female infertility, risk factors and treatment of obesity

Effect of Simple Tongue Exercises in Habitual Snorers

Abstract: Introduction:Snoring is common in the general population with up to 25% of women and 45% of men habitual snoring. Snoring may not destroy sleep, but it is a common manifestation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA), a potentially life threatening condition.Habitual snorers can be at a high risk of serious health problems. Materials and Methods: 30 habitual snorers were selected to carry out the oropharyngeal exercises.Their snore score was recorded before and after perfoming the set of exercises. Results: There is a significant decrease in their snore score from (119.43±41.23) to (67.57±33.92) by the influence of oropharyngeal exercise on them. Conclusion: The study displayed that oropharyngeal exercises can significantly reduce snoring and its serious health problems such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA).

Niosomes: A Novel Trend in Drug Delivery

Abstract: Niosomes a novel trend in drug delivery in which medication is encapsulated in a vesicle and the vesicle made up of bilayer of non-ionic surface active agents and then it is named as niosomes. However niosomes are structurally similar to liposomes in having a bilayer, and the materials used to prepare niosomes make them more stable. After preparing the dispersion of niosomes unentrapped drug is separated by gel filtration or centrifugation. A method of invitro release rate study includes the use of dialysis tubing. niosomes are either unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles formed from synthetic non-ionic surfactants. Niosomal drug delivery applicable to many pharmacological agents for their action through various diseases. Hence niosomes have more penetrating capability than the previous preparations of emulsions.

Environmental Pollution with the Heavy Metal Compound

Abstract: The article dealt with Pollution of our environment with different metal. These metal called heavy metal attributed to its toxicity properties. Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Zn, Hg, Ar, Pb, Ag, are example of heavy metals pollutant. The ways and methods of polluted the environment are different and all be as a waste of humans activities. Pollution of soil and water with this waste drive to polluted or raise the ratio or concentration of metal in plants. Humans and animals are feeding to plant products which mean raise of concentration of metal at human and animal more than its normal ratio. At last the property of cumulating for heavy metal will hike the concentration of them at living organism, animals and humans bodies. Then it leads to toxicity with it. This Article highlighted to toxicity of heavy metal as pollutant and it`s risk to environment and living life.

pH responsive polymers in drug delivery

Abstract: Stimuli-responsive polymer or ‘intelligent’ polymer recently emerged as new potential for drug delivery. Some stimuli have been listed such as thermo, light, ultrasound and pH. In this review, one of the stimuli-responsive polymer which is pH responsive been described in brief including the gelling mechanism, common type of polymers, common applications and current challenges. pH responsive polymers have wide applications in drug delivery. The application mainly covers the site specific drug release in different physiological site. However tumor targeting or in situ gellying nature of these polymers are still in ‘proof-of concept’ stage. Therefore there is still need of crucial evaluation of such polymers and their applications. This review would highlight some important aspects of stimuli sensitive polymers focusing pH-sensitivity and recent reported applications.

Lead Toxicity on Male Reproductive System and its Mechanism: A Review

Abstract: Heavy metals toxicity is a major threat to public health throughout the world. Considerably, Lead exposure is decidedly common and capable of inducing permanent damage to various organs. Several evidence were showing the risk of lead toxicity on male reproductive system. But there is no comprehensive data available to deliver the adverse effects of lead in male reproductive parameters. So, this review attempts to explore the negative effects caused by lead exprosure's in experimental and clinical studies. Several studies shown that there is significant alteration takes place in antioxidant level, semen parametres, spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. In addition, it also upadtes the reader about the possible adverse effects arise in gene expression and alteration takes place in reproductive hormones.

Herbal Drug Nanoparticles: Advancements in Herbal Treatment

Abstract: Herbal medicines have been used all over the world from last many years. Especially in India, there is wide market for herbals. Herbal medicines have less adverse effects as compared with modern medicines. The delivery of plant/herbal therapeutic molecules as drugs is problematic due to poor solubility, poor permeability, low bioavailability, instability in biological milieu and extensive first pass metabolism. These limitations of herbal drugs can be overcome by attaching or encapsulating them with suitable nanomaterials. Over the past decade, major advances have been made on development of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) from plant actives and extracts. By developing new formulation as nano herbal medicines like nanoparticles, dendrimers, Nano crystals, Quantum dots, Nanosperes, Nanocapsules, herbal market get good feedback. The new approach in herbals as nanotechnology have a sound future which has a scientific approach to deliver the component in sustained manner which increase the patient compliance and avoid repeated administration. So many conditions like bacterial infection, hepatotoxicity, inflammation, oxidation and chronic diseases like cancer, wound healing can be cured by nano herbals more effectively as compared to allopathic medicines. The next most important step for herbal formulations is their standardization which establishes consistent biological activity, consistent chemical profile or simply a quality assurance program. This review will provide information of the use of nanotechnology for herbal drugs, nanoparticles, formulation techniques of nanoparticles and their standardization.

Formulation, Evaluation and Antioxidant activity of Caffeine Fast Melt Tablets

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various Prosolv® co-processed excipients in the manufacture of different grades of fast melt tablets (FMTs). Caffeine was chosen as a model drug. Caffeine FMTs were prepared by direct compression using Prosolv® based excipients;Prosolv® SMCC 50, Prosolv® SMCC 90,Prosolv® SMCC HD90, Prosolv® ODT, Prosolv®Easytab Nutra,and Prosolv®Easytab SP. Caffeine FMTs were evaluated for weight, thickness, hardness, friability, wetting time (WT), in-vitro disintegration time, and in-vitro dissolutionstudies. The selected Caffeine FMT was compared with oral commercial tablets (Stay Awake Caffeine Alertness Aid®, Equate, USA) for their antioxidant activities and their impact on reproductive organs of male rats. All Caffeine FMTs were within the pharmacopeial limits for weight, and content. All formulae had acceptable friability percentage (<1%) except Prosolv® SMCC HD based formula. Prosolv® Easytab Nutra based formula showed superiority over Prosolv® Easytab SP and Prosolv® ODT regarding WT and DT. Furthermore, Prosolv® Easytab Nutra based formula gave comparablefunctionality to its analogous formulae based Prosolv® SMCC 50 and Prosolv® SMCC 90 with superior advantages regarding simplicity of manufacture and the potential minimizing of undesirable issuesas segregation by reducing the number of steps during production of tablets. The data concluded that the Prosolv® co-processed excipients are promising carriers for Caffeine FMT designed formodulating male reproductive hormone reproductive values and oxidative stress with having greaterbenefits of dosage form which, in turn, increase compliance.

Favorable binding of Quercetin to α-Synuclein as potential target in Parkinson disease: An Insilico approach

Abstract: The aim of the research is to identify possible flavonoid for the effective docking into α-Synuclein in Parkinson's disease (PD) computationally. Flavonoids are evolving as the potential cure for the PD. α-Synuclein is one of the potential drug target involving in the death of dopaminergic neurons of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (SNPC) of basal ganglia in PD. In our study, molecular docking analysis were carried out on flavonoids like quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and acacetin to investigate their inhibitory role and binding capability with α-Synuclein. Molecular docking experiments were performed using AutodockVina program. The Protein-Ligand interaction analysis result showed that the favorable interaction with only on quercetin and not with others. This was comparatively a strong ligand to show significant interactions with α-Synuclein with lowest binding energy. The cluster analysis of the docked conformations out of 100 runs, quercetin shows comparable higher numbers (31 conformations) with α-Synuclein. Molecular interaction of quercetin and its analogs with the potential drug target of Parkinson's disease provides a wide scope for drug designing to combat Parkinson's disease.

Phenolic Content, HPLC Analysis and Antioxidant Activity Extract from Tamarix gallica and Tamarix articulata Growing in Southeast of Algeria

Abstract: This work reports the phytochemical profile phenolic content and flavonoid, in vitro antioxidant against DPPH, s-carotene radical and total antioxidant activity of methanolic leaves extract from Tamarix gallica and Tamarix articulata. Formore, HPLC analysis for identification of individual polyphenols was identification in different phenolic groups and the quantification are also described. The quantification of total phenolic and flavonoids content realized by spectrophotometric methods. The antiradical capacities of extracts were evaluated against DPPH free radical and phosphomolybdenum method. Total phenolic contents and flavonoid from an extract of Tamarix gallica were founded high against Tamarix articulata, 334.19±8.47, 395.62±6.23 mg GAE/g DW for phenolic content and 159.73±6.28, 117.47±4.04 mg CE/g DW respectively. The HPLC analysis showed that at least 6 considerable phenolic compounds of leaves extract exist for the two extracts, the major ones being vanillic acid, naringin, and caffeic acid. Similar results for antioxidant activity leaves extract from Tamarix gallica exhibited strong inhibition of free radical against DPPH against Tamarix articulata IC50=5.70±0.18, 7.69±0.11 µg/ml and total antioxidant activity 341.69±9.28, 287.64±8.72 mg GAE/g DW respectively. The obtained results suggest that Tamarix gallica and Tamarix articulata could be a promising source for new drugs because of its antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds.

New Azomethine-Azo heterocyclic ligands via cyclization of ester

Abstract: Cyclization reaction has been used to preparation of series heterocyclic azo-azomethine ligands through many steps, the first step: esterification of carboxylic terminal, then cyclization of ester with thiosemicarbazide, followed by second step which involved azotation of amino group of thiadiazole, the third step was reacted with di carbonyl compound, the last step involved cyclization with compounds containing di nucleophile groups to yield series azo heterocyclic-azomethine ligands. The resulting ligands were investigated bymany techniques like (1H NMR, FT.IR and UV-Visible spectra) with biological test.

Internet of Things based Ambient assisted living for Elderly People Health Monitoring

Abstract: Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) is a recent communication technology, which makes an intelligent object in the environment to support the elderly people in living independently. An Ambient Intelligence is a technology and it Aims to build a safe environment around the assisted people. Nowadays, the population of elderly people in living alone keeps on increasing. Hence, it becomes a major impact in our society. The AAL based Elderly people monitoring system requires the efficient and cost effective solution. The proposed system performs three operations such as Elderly people monitoring, activity recognition and health status prediction using Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithm. The sensor's (Accelerometer, Temperature sensor, Pulse rate sensor) are connected to the Arduino micro controller and the generated data is stored in cloud storage (Thing Speak). The health status prediction part introduces SVM algorithm and it classifies the data from Thing Speak. Finally, the proposed system improves the prediction accuracy and also provides the cost effective solution of this problem.

Design and Evaluation of Bigels Containing Flurbiprofen

Abstract: The present study was aimed of design and evaluation of bigel containing flurbiprofen. Bigels are interesting innovative two phase systems that have been recently proposed as structured system for delivery of active ingredients. They possess the advantages of both hydrogel and organogel. Organogel was prepared by pluronic lecithin and hydrogel was prepared using HPMC. Bigels were prepared by mixing of organogel and hydrogel in appropriate ratio. Organogel and hydrogel was evaluated for pH, viscosity, extrudability and spreadabilty. Formulation F3 from organogel and formulation H3 from hydrogel was selected as optimized formulations and was used for the preparation of bigel. The prepared bigel was evaluated for pH, viscosity, extrudability, spread ability, in vitro drug release studies, ex vivo permeation studies, stability studies and skin irritation test. All formulations of bigel showed extended release out of which formulation B3 was selected as the optimized formulation on the basis of evaluation parameters. In vitro permeation release was found to be 89.99% at the end of 8 hrs. The release kinetics of flurbiprofen bigel followed Higuchi model. The bigels were found to be stable and skin irritation studies on Wistar rats showed that the prepared bigels were compatible. Based on the encouraging results bigels containing flurbiprofen can be used as extended release system.

Test Anxiety and its Impact on first year University Students and the over View of mind and body Intervention to Enhance coping Skills in Facing Exams

Abstract: Test anxiety has an impact on students either negative or positive. It is normal to have exam anxiety that help the students to prepare them for facing examination on the other hand it can also distress the students ‘and disturb them physically, emotionally; cognitively that can result in poor examination performance. The current study had analysed the past reviews regarding test anxiety impacting student performance in their examinations. The purpose of this study is to give overview of mind-body interventions for first year university students who facing test anxiety. This literature review was completed using electronic databases. The current study had analysed reviewing 70 articles from year 1961 to 2017. The reviewed articles were regarding test anxiety it's negative and positive correlates, Mind-body intervention and its benefits. Current study concludes though the test anxiety is common among students the academicians and educationalists in the universities should have awareness about negative and positive aspects of this test anxiety that can impact students’ performance. Further, current study suggests that practicing mind-body interventional programmes in the university to promote overall health and wellbeing among student population.

Gastro retentive drug delivery systems: An overview

Abstract: Orally administered gastro retentive dosage forms draws great attention in the pharmaceutical research industry. These systems improved patient compliance with increased therapeutic index of drugs increase importance of gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS). Numerous physiological constraints associated with gastroretentive dosage forms such as short gastric retentive time, variations in gastric emptying time can be reduced by various technological advanced utilized in the design and fabrication of gastroretentive dosage. Currently different development approaches are utilized to increase gastric retention time, including High density systems, Expanding systems, Unfoldable and Swellable systems and Superporous hydrogels. The present review briefly addresses various gastroretentive dosage forms for prolongation gastric residence time.

Analytical Methods of Ciprofloxacin and its Combinations Review

Abstract: Ciprofloxacin is a second generic and an antibiotic generic drug. It is a very popular fluoroquinolone that can treat a number of bacterial infections. The quinolones are family or a group that has activity against both-negative and positive-gram bacteria, when compared to Ciprofloxacin. The first aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update of analytical methods for determining the Ciprofloxacin and its combinations, binary or triple mixture use of endodontic treatment of primary teeth using a combination of antibacterial drugs. The other aim of this review is to evaluate clinical and radiographic success of the endodontic treatment of infected primary teeth using a combination of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, minocycline, and clindamycin. Several methods were used in the analytical determination of Ciprofloxacin and its metabolites in human biological fluids (plasma) and in pharmaceutical preparations. various techniques have been reported, such as UV, TLC, GC-Mass, HPLC and RP-HPLC methods, for the determination of Ciprofloxacin alone and in its combinations by high performance liquid chromatography and reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography. This review provides details on separation conditions for Ciprofloxacin alone and its combinations.