Showing papers in "research memorandum in 1992"
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of verification and validation of simulation models in operations research, focusing on good programming practice (such as modular programming), checking intermediate simulation outputs through tracing and statistical testing per module, statistical testing of final simulation outputs against analytical results, and animation.
Abstract: This paper surveys verification and validation of models, especially simulation models in operations research. For verification it discusses 1) general good programming practice (such as modular programming), 2) checking intermediate simulation outputs through tracing and statistical testing per module, 3) statistical testing of final simulation outputs against analytical results, and 4) animation. For validation it discusses 1) obtaining real-worl data, 2) comparing simulated and real data through simple tests such as graphical, Schruben-Turing, and t tests, 3) testing whether simulated and real responses are positively correlated and moreover have the same mean, using two new statistical procedures based on regression analysis, 4) sensitivity analysis based on design of experiments and regression analysis, and risk or uncertainty analysis based on Monte Carlo sampling, and 5) white versus black box simulation models. Both verification and validation require good documentation, and are crucial parts of assessment, credibility, and accreditation. A bibliography with 61 references is included.
1,462 citations
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34 citations
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33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test empirically whether interventions by the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Federal Reserve System in the US dollar-Deutsche Mark spot exchange market were effective during the period from February 1985 until August 1988.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to test empirically whether interventions by the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Federal Reserve System in the US dollar-Deutsche Mark spot exchange market were effective during the period from February 1985 until August 1988.
17 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an algorithm in feedback form that generates piecewise constant controls with minimize an integral quadratic cost-functional with respect to a sampled continuous time-varying system is derived and computed.
Abstract: An algorithm in feedback form that generates piecewise constant controls with minimize an integral quadratic cost-functional with respect to a sampled continuous time-varying system is derived and computed. The system is linear and possesses an exogenous component. The cost-functional is a quadratic tracking equation, involving a reference for both the output and control, and is considered over both a finite and infinite planning horizon. A numerical example is included which demonstrates the application and numerical computation of the control algorithm in case of an infinite planning horizon.
10 citations
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TL;DR: A numerical approach to determine the optimal schedule of cyclic polling systems with respect to the service disciplines at the nodes, based on the power-series algorithm, is discussed.
Abstract: Many computer-communication networks in which the transmission right is circulated among the nodes have been modeled as polling systems. This paper concerns optimization of cyclic polling systems with respect to the service disciplines at the nodes. The service disciplines are chosen to be Bernoulli schedules. Because the optimization problem is not analytically tractable, a numerical approach to determine the optimal schedule, based on the power-series algorithm, is discussed. Light- and heavy-traffic asymptotes of the optimal schedule are presented; they are based on light-traffic asymptotes of the mean waiting times and the stability condition, respectively. A partial solution of the optimization problem is given; this follows directly from the μc-rule for priority systems. The influence of system parameters on the optimal Bernoulli schedule is examined. Finally, a fast approach to approximate the optimal schedule is presented and tested.
10 citations
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TL;DR: This document breaches copyright, and access to the work will be removed immediately and investigate the claim.
Abstract: Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
10 citations
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10 citations
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9 citations
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7 citations
TL;DR: The Shapley value is the expected payoff to the players of the grand coalition as discussed by the authors, which is defined as the probability that each order of entrance has the same probability of success.
Abstract: One story that is told in textbooks to introduce the Shapley value is as follows. The players of the grand coalition enter one by one. When a player enters he will get his marginal contribution to the coalition that is already present. If each order of entrance has the same probability then the Shapley value is the expected payoff to the players.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a take down policy to remove access to the work immediately and investigate the claim. But they did not provide details of the claim and did not investigate the content of the work.
Abstract: • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
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TL;DR: In a cooperative TU (Transferable Utility) game (N, v) as modelled by von Neumann & Morgenstern (1944), N is a finite set of players, and the characteristic function v assigns to each subgroup of players a real number which is to be interpreted as the maximal gains this coalition can secure by cooperating.
Abstract: In a cooperative TU (Transferable Utility) game (N, v) as modelled by von Neumann & Morgenstern (1944), N is a finite set of players, and the characteristic function v assigns to each subgroup of players a real number which is to be interpreted as the maximal gains this coalition can secure by cooperating.
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TL;DR: In this paper, an expression for the density of B(1Z.k2B -}.E for the case that X-[É t X2] has a norma] distribution is given.
Abstract: An expression is obtained for the density~ of the ]east squares estimator B(~1Z.~2)-11"Z.~t"1 in the multi~~ariate linear model ?ir -.k2B -}. E for the case that X-[.É t X2] has a norma] distribution. This expression is a multi-dimensional integral w.ith a dimension independent of the number of rows of Y. Two particular cases are w~orked out in detail.
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TL;DR: The paper introduces additional distribution decision variables and constraints for both of loading models proposed by Pourbabai (1991) to optimize the utilization of the processing capabilities of an IMS consisting of a set of heterogeneous workstations.
Abstract: This paper extends Pourbabai's (1991) results for generating a strategic marketing and production plan for an Integrated Manufacturing System (IMS) to include distribution decisions. The paper introduces additional distribution decision variables and constraints for both of loading models proposed by Pourbabai (1991). The new models optimize the utilization of the processing capabilities of an IMS consisting of a set of heterogeneous workstations. The objective to be maximized includes, the fixed and variable market values of each job, the fixed and variable processing costs of each job, the setup costs, and the fixed and variable distribution costs. Each job requires a single aggregated stage of operation; job splitting is allowed; and the processing priorities of all jobs during the planning time horizon are given. Setup times collapsing is also allowed, to shorten the completion times of some jobs. The proposed models are fixed charge problems which can be solved by a mixed integer programming algorithm.
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TL;DR: In this article, an alpha-numerically specified model for the determination of the level of investment in live stock by a dairy farm is proposed, and reaction equations for the optimal level of the inand outflow of dairy cows are derived.
Abstract: In this paper we formulate an alpha-numerically specified model for the determination of the level of (des)investments in live stock by a dairy farm. From this model we derive reaction equations for the optimal level of the inand outflow of dairy cows. Rearranging these equations provides a specification of the determinants of the milk supply in the long run. This model was used as a point of departure for the estimation of the long run milk supply elasticity in the Netherlands during the period 1969-1984. By starting from a model of the optimizing behaviour of the farmer, an underpinning of the milk supply model, to be used in estimation, is ob¬ tained. Having a micro-economic foundation, the derived specification gains cogency in comparison to a supply model specified on the basis of plausibility considerations and/or considerations related to the con¬ venience of estimating. Department of Econometrics, Tilburg University, Postbox 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, tel. 013-662054.
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TL;DR: In this article, a practical problem often encountered in the polymerization processing industry involves the multiproduct cycling problem in combination with the storage assignment problem, where products are stocked as bulk goods in a container park or in smaller individual bags, and when bulk demand exceeds available bulk stock levels, then bags are cut-in and the contents put in containers to satisfy bulk demand.
Abstract: Abstract A practical problem often encountered in the polymerization processing industry involves the multiproduct cycling problem in combination with the storage assignment problem. In this research we assume that products are stocked as bulk goods in a container park or in smaller individual bags. However, when bulk demand exceeds available bulk stock levels, then bags are “cut-in” and the contents put in containers to satisfy bulk demand. It appears that this extended multiproduct cycling problem analysis with newly added “cut-in” costs and fixed container assignments can lead to substantial cost improvements. A number of extensions to the solution methodology are shown.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that environmental use is an allocation problem and should be taken into consideration by economic theory, and that the improvement of environmental quality has become one of the most important objectives in the industrialized world.
Abstract: Nowadays, the improvement of environmental quality has become one of the most important objectives in the industrialized world. From an economic point of view one could argue that a non-polluted environment has become a scarce commodity. Consequently, environmental use is an allocation problem (Siebert (1987)) and should be taken into consideration by economic theory. This seems to be the reason that more and more books are devoted to environmental economics (e.g. Baumol and Oates (1988), Wicke (1982)).