Respiratory investigation 

About: Respiratory investigation is an academic journal published by Elsevier BV. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It has an ISSN identifier of 2212-5345. Over the lifetime, 862 publications have been published receiving 8826 citations.

Utility of KL-6/MUC1 in the clinical management of interstitial lung diseases

Abstract: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diverse group of pulmonary disorders characterized by various patterns of inflammation and fibrosis in the interstitium of the lung. Because injury and/or regeneration of type II pneumocytes are prominent histological features of ILDs, substances derived from type II pneumocytes have been the focus of research investigating potential biomarkers for ILD. One important biomarker for ILD is the high-molecular-weight glycoprotein, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6). KL-6 is now classified as a human MUC1 mucin protein, and regenerating type II pneumocytes are the primary cellular source of KL-6/MUC1 in the affected lungs of patients with ILD. KL-6/MUC1 is detectable in the serum of patients with ILD, and extensive investigations performed primarily in Japan have revealed that serum KL-6/MUC1 is elevated in 70-100% of patients with various ILDs, including idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, collagen vascular disease-associated interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonia, radiation pneumonitis, drug-induced ILDs, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary sarcoidosis, and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The results from these various studies have supported the utility of KL-6/MUC1 as a serum biomarker for detecting these various ILDs. Moreover, KL-6/MUC1 serum levels have been demonstrated to be useful for evaluating disease activity and predicting the clinical outcomes of various ILD types. Based on these observations, we believe that KL-6/MUC1 is currently one of the best and most reliable serum biomarkers available for ILD management.

Inhibitory effects of glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide on coronavirus HCoV-229E replication and cytokine production by primary cultures of human nasal and tracheal epithelial cells.

Abstract: Background Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), one of the causes of the common cold, exacerbates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists and β2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids inhibit the exacerbation of COPD and bronchial asthma caused by infection with viruses, including HCoV-229E. However, the effects of these drugs on HCoV-229E replication and infection-induced inflammation in the human airway are unknown. Methods Primary human nasal (HNE) and tracheal (HTE) epithelial cell cultures were infected with HCoV-229E. Results Pretreatment of HNE and HTE cells with glycopyrronium or formoterol decreased viral RNA levels and/or titers, the expression of the HCoV-229E receptor CD13, the number and fluorescence intensity of acidic endosomes where HCoV-229E RNA enters the cytoplasm, and the infection-induced production of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-β. Treatment of the cells with the CD13 inhibitor 2′2′-dipyridyl decreased viral titers. Pretreatment of the cells with a combination of three drugs (glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide) exerted additive inhibitory effects on viral titers and cytokine production. Pretreatment of HNE cells with glycopyrronium or formoterol reduced the susceptibility to infection, and pretreatment with the three drugs inhibited activation of nuclear factor-kappa B p50 and p65 proteins. Pretreatment with formoterol increased cAMP levels and treatment with cAMP decreased viral titers, CD13 expression, and the fluorescence intensity of acidic endosomes. Conclusions These findings suggest that glycopyrronium, formoterol, and a combination of glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide inhibit HCoV-229E replication partly by inhibiting receptor expression and/or endosomal function and that these drugs modulate infection-induced inflammation in the airway.

Reference values for spirometry, including vital capacity, in Japanese adults calculated with the LMS method and compared with previous values

Abstract: Background Reference values for lung function tests should be periodically updated because of birth cohort effects and improved technology. This study updates the spirometric reference values, including vital capacity (VC), for Japanese adults and compares the new reference values with previous Japanese reference values. Methods Spirometric data from healthy non-smokers (20,341 individuals aged 17–95 years, 67% females) were collected from 12 centers across Japan, and reference equations were derived using the LMS method. This method incorporates modeling skewness (lambda: L ), mean (mu: M ), and coefficient of variation (sigma: S ), which are functions of sex, age, and height. In addition, the age-specific lower limits of normal (LLN) were calculated. Results Spirometric reference values for the 17–95-year age range and the age-dependent LLN for Japanese adults were derived. The new reference values for FEV 1 in males are smaller, while those for VC and FVC in middle age and elderly males and those for FEV 1 , VC, and FVC in females are larger than the previous values. The LLN of the FEV 1 /FVC for females is larger than previous values. The FVC is significantly smaller than the VC in the elderly. Conclusions The new reference values faithfully reflect spirometric indices and provide an age-specific LLN for the 17–95-year age range, enabling improved diagnostic accuracy. Compared with previous prediction equations, they more accurately reflect the transition in pulmonary function during young adulthood. In elderly subjects, the FVC reference values are not interchangeable with the VC values.

Consensus statement for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced lung injuries

Abstract: Keishi Kubo, Arata Azuma, Minoru Kanazawa, Hideto Kameda, Masahiko Kusumoto, Akihiko Genma, Yasuo Saijo, Fumikazu Sakai, Yukihiko Sugiyama, Koichiro Tatsumi, Makoto Dohi, Hitoshi Tokuda, Shu Hashimoto, Noboru Hattori, Masayuki Hanaoka, Yuh Fukuda, the Japanese Respiratory Society Committee for formulation of Consensus statement for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced lung injuries Nagano Prefectural Hospital Organization, Japan Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Infections Diseases, and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Saitama International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Japan Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan Department of Respirology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Tokyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan Department of Respiratory Medicine, Social Insurance Central General Hospital, Japan Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Japan Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nursing- and Healthcare-associated Pneumonia (NHCAP) [Complete translation]

Abstract: Shigeru Kohno, Yoshifumi Imamura, Yuichiro Shindo, Masafumi Seki, Tadashi Ishida, Shinji Teramoto, Junichi Kadota, Kazunori Tomono, Akira Watanabe Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Japan Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan Hitachinaka Medical Education and Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan Department of Internal Medicine II, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Japan Division of Anti-Infective Agents, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan