Showing papers in "Reviews of Physics in Technology in 1970"
••
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that indentation hardness of ductile materials is essentially a measure of their plastic properties, rather than the brittle properties of the material. And the Mohs scratch hardness scale is used to measure the plastic properties of a material.
Abstract: This review is concerned with the basic physical meaning of hardness. It is shown that indentation hardness of ductile materials is essentially a measure of their plastic properties. With brittle solids the high hydrostatic pressures around the deformed region are often sufficient to inhibit brittle fracture. Under these conditions both indentation and scratch hardness are essentially a measure of the plastic rather than the brittle properties of the solid. This provides a simple physical basis for the Mohs scratch hardness scale
547 citations
••
TL;DR: A review of the physical processes which determine the height of the barrier and the current-voltage relationship in a metal-semiconductor Schottky barrier is given in this article.
Abstract: A review is given of the physical processes which determine the height of the barrier and the current-voltage relationship in a metal-semiconductor Schottky barrier.
85 citations
••
TL;DR: The past decade has witnessed a rapid evolution in the technology of gas lubrication which has been accompanied by the application of gas bearings on an increasing scale as mentioned in this paper, and existing applications were restricted to two specialized areas: gyroscopes for inertial navigation and gas circulators in nuclear reactors.
Abstract: The past decade has witnessed a rapid evolution in the technology of gas lubrication which has been accompanied by the application of gas bearings on an increasing scale. Before 1960, existing applications were restricted to two specialized areas: gyroscopes for inertial navigation and gas circulators in nuclear reactors. Now they are widely employed in manufacturing industry, in grinding machines, drilling machines and hand tools and in a wide range of medical and scientific instruments. This progress has been made possible by the solution of two or three major technical problems and the assimilation of myriad minor advances in structural design, materials and manufacturing techniques.
30 citations
••
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the way in which the crystal structure of microwave garnets may be designed in order to realize the many different combinations of magnetic properties required by the designer of non-reciprocal microwave ferrites.
Abstract: Recent advances in the study of microwave ferrites and garnets have resulted in a better understanding of the relationship between magnetic properties and the fundamental crystal structure. This article presents a review of the way in which the crystal structure of microwave garnets may be designed in order to realize the many different combinations of magnetic properties required by the designer of non-reciprocal microwave ferrites. The discussion relates to rare-earth and yttrium-containing garnets of the form Y3-αRαFe5O12 (R = rare earth Sm-Lu) and considers the effect of substitutions of Al, Ga, In, Mn, Ce, Ca and V on magnetization, gyromagnetic resonance, magnetic loss, high-power instability threshold and magnetostriction effects.
18 citations
••
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent developments in optical spectroscopy in the resolution range 106 to 1014 is given, both statistically-based intensity-fluctuation analysis and heterodyne methods are discussed.
Abstract: A review is given of recent developments in optical spectroscopy in the resolution range 106 to 1014. Both statistically-based intensity-fluctuation analysis and heterodyne methods are discussed
15 citations
••
TL;DR: The aims, structure and achievements of the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) are reviewed in this paper, where a review of the achievements and challenges of the ERO is presented.
Abstract: The aims, structure and achievements of the European Space Research Organisation are reviewed.
2 citations