scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers in "Revista Arvore in 2009"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The phenology of 13 shrub and tree species in the caatinga of Serido was observed for two years to determine if, in this open vegetation, poor in species, phenophases occur throughout all the seasons.
Abstract: The phenology of 13 shrub and tree species in the caatinga of Serido was observed for two years to determine if, in this open vegetation, poor in species, phenophases occur throughout all the seasons. Ten plants of each species were observed every 15 days to register leaf formation and fall, flowering and fruiting. Leaf formation was strongly influenced by rainfall in 11 species, which remained leafless during different periods of the dry seasons. This influence was most noticeable in the rapid leaf flush and fall following sporadic rain events within the dry season. Two species, Capparis flexuosa and Erythroxylum pungens , remained with leaves the whole year . Along the two years, only for short periods (about 15 days), there were no plants flowering and fruiting, but both peaked in the rainy season. The patterns were more complex at the species level than at the community level. Erythroxylum pungens did not flower and Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Tabebuia impetiginosa flowered only once, along the two years, while Mimosa acutistipula flowered five times and Jatropha mollissima and Pithecellobium foliolosum flowered four times. In four species (Amburana cearensis, Anadenanthera colubrina, Pithecellobium foliolosum and Tabebuia impetiginosa), fruiting did not occur in all plants that flowered, while in the other species all those that flowered also produced fruits. In spite of the almost continual fruit production, during several periods, only dry fruits were produced.

87 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The artificial neural networks showed good adequacy to the problem and are highly recommended to perform production prognoses of planted forests.
Abstract: This research aimed at evaluating the adjustment of Schumacher and Hall volumetric model by different algorithms and the application of artificial neural networks to estimate the volume of wood of eucalyptus according to the diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (Ht) of the clone. For such, 21 scalings of stands of eucalyptus clones were used with DBH ranging from 4,5 to 28,3 cm and total height ranging from 6,6 to 33,8 m. The Schumacher and Hall volumetric model was adjusted linearly and nonlinearly with the following algorithms: Gauss-Newton, Quasi-Newton, Levenberg-Marquardt, Simplex, Hooke-Jeeves Pattern, Rosenbrock Pattern; Simplex, Hooke-Jeeves, and Rosenbrock, used simultaneously with the Quasi-Newton method and the principle of Maximum Likelihood. Different architectures and models (Multilayer Perceptron - MLP and Radial Basis Function - RBF) of artificial neural networks were tested and the networks that best represented the data were selected. Estimates of the volumes were evaluated by graphics of estimated volume according to the observed volume and by the LO the Gauss-Newton, Quasi-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms were effective in the adjustment of Schumacher and Hall volumetric model. The artificial neural networks showed good adequacy to the problem and are highly recommended to perform production prognoses of planted forests.

60 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The neural nets formed by neurons whose activation function was exponential presented estimates statistically similar to the observed data, and nets trained with the data normalized by the linear interpolation method and equalized presented better estimate performance.
Abstract: Rede neural artificial consiste em um conjunto de unidades que contem funcoes matematicas, unidas por pesos. As redes sao capazes de aprender, mediante modificacao dos pesos sinapticos, e generalizar o aprendizado para outros arquivos desconhecidos. O projeto de redes neurais e composto por tres etapas: pre-processamento, processamento e, por fim, pos-processamento dos dados. Um dos problemas classicos que podem ser abordados por redes e a aproximacao de funcoes. Nesse grupo, pode-se incluir a estimacao do volume de arvores. Foram utilizados quatro arquiteturas diferentes, cinco pre-processamentos e duas funcoes de ativacao. As redes que se apresentaram estatisticamente iguais aos dados observados tambem foram analisadas quanto ao residuo e a distribuicao dos volumes e comparadas com a estimacao de volume pelo modelo de Schumacher e Hall. As redes neurais formadas por neuronios, cuja funcao de ativacao era exponencial, apresentaram estimativas estatisticamente iguais aos dados observados. As redes treinadas com os dados normalizados pelo metodo da interpolacao linear e equalizados tiveram melhor desempenho na estimacao.

53 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados atraves da porcentagem, primeira contagem e indice de velocidade de emergencia de plântulas, alem de comprimento e massa seca da raiz e parte aerea.
Abstract: RESUMO ‐ A faveira e planta semidecidua, heliofita, que ocorre em formacoes secundarias e areas abertas de terreno elevado do agreste nordestino e campinas amazonicas. A madeira dessa especie e empregada para caixotaria, compensados, brinquedos, lenha e carvao, as vagens maduras constituem-se em excelente forragem para todos os ruminantes e a arvore e recomendada para arborizacao paisagistica. O primeiro problema encontrado foi a baixa germinacao das sementes devido a impermeabilidade do tegumento a agua. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a metodologia mais eficiente para superacao da dormencia de sementes de Parkia platycephala, as quais foram submetidas a 12 tratamentos: testemunha - sementes intactas (T 1 ), escarificacao mecânica com lixa d’agua n. 80 (T 2 ), imersao em acido muriatico concentrado (98%) por 30 min e 1 h (T 3 e T 4 , respectivamente), escarificacao mecânica com brita por 5, 10 e 15 min (T , T 6 e T 7 , respectivamente) e imersao em acido sulfurico concentrado (98%) por 5, 15, 30, 45 e 60 min (T 8 , T 9 , T 10 , T 11 e T 12 , respectivamente). Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados atraves da porcentagem, primeira contagem e indice de velocidade de emergencia de plântulas, alem de comprimento e massa seca da raiz e parte aerea. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repeticoes, e as medias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Houve diferenca significativa entre os tratamentos em todas as variaveis. A causa mais evidente da dormencia foi a impermeabilidade do tegumento, cujos tratamentos mais eficientes para superar a dormencia das sementes foram a escarificacao mecânica do tegumento com lixa e a imersao em acido sulfurico (15 a 45 min).

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Miniestacas de cedro-australiano possuem capacidade de enraizamento, e mudas recepadas apresentam brotacao, possibilitando a clonagem da especie pelo processo de miniestaquia.
Abstract: O metodo de propagacao usual do cedro-australiano (Toona ciliata) e via seminal, entretanto a oferta sazonal das sementes e sua curta viabilidade ao longo do tempo representam um problema para a producao continua de mudas destinadas a implantacao de povoamentos. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade da propagacao vegetativa da especie por miniestaquia e a necessidade da aplicacao de acido indolbutirico (AIB) para o enraizamento das miniestacas. A partir de um banco de estacas de origem seminal, foram obtidas brotacoes para producao de mudas clonais, em tres diferentes epocas de coleta (2,5; 4,5; e 5,5 meses apos a recepa das mudas). Antes do estaqueamento, as miniestacas tiveram suas bases imersas em quatro concentracoes de AIB (0; 1.500; 3.000; e 4.500 mg L-1). Durante o experimento, obtiveram-se 100% de sobrevivencia das minicepas e das miniestacas. Houve 100% de enraizamento das miniestacas nas tres coletas, nao ocorrendo diferenca no comprimento de raizes em funcao das doses de auxina aplicadas. Quanto maior o intervalo entre as coletas e quanto maiores as brotacoes que originaram as miniestacas, maior a velocidade de crescimento das mudas. Miniestacas de cedro-australiano possuem capacidade de enraizamento, e mudas recepadas apresentam brotacao, possibilitando a clonagem da especie pelo processo de miniestaquia.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul.) e uma especie nativa da caatinga dotada de grande resistencia a seca e de greate potencial economico, possibilitou maior crescimento das mudas.
Abstract: A catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul.) e uma especie nativa da caatinga dotada de grande resistencia a seca e de grande potencial economico. No entanto, nao existem informacoes sobre o desenvolvimento dessa especie em diferentes substrates e luminosidade, fatores ambientais que mais influenciam a producao de seedlings florestais. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes niveis de shading e tipos de substrates nas taxas de crescimento de mudas de catingueira. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade do Estado da Bahia e na Embrapa Semiarido, Petrolina, PE. As sementes foram semeadas em recipientes preenchidos com diferentes substratos: solo, areia, solo+areia, solo+areia+esterco caprino e substrato comercial, sendo os recipientes mantidos em quatro diferentes sombreamentos, a ceu aberto (sem sombreamento) e em telados tipo sombrite de 30%, 50% e 75% de sombreamento. Aos 30, 60 e 100 dias apos a estabilizacao da emergencia das plântulas, as mudas foram avaliadas quanto a taxa de crescimento absoluto, taxa de crescimento relativo, taxa assimilatoria liquida, razao de area foliar,area foliar especifica, peso especifico da folha e razao de peso foliar. Nao houve interacao significativa entre os dois fatores estudados em nenhuma das taxas de crescimento calculadas. Nas condicoes deste trabalho, foi possivel concluir que as taxas de crescimento das mudas de catingueira, em geral, nao foram influenciadas pela luminosidade as quais elas foram submetidas e que solo coletado em regiao de caatinga, combinado ou nao, com areia e esterco, possibilitou maior crescimento das mudas.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicated the use of three species to be established in the existing pasture of the Cerrado (savannahs), considering the increments in height, stem diameter and survival rate: chico-magro (G. ulmifolia), caroba (J. decurrens) and canafistula (Peltophorum dubium).
Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the rate of survival and the initial development of eleven native tree species established in existing pastures of Brachiaria brizantha at the Beef Cattle Center (Campo Grande, MS). The soil is a dystrophic clay Dark- Red Latosoil. The seedlings were planted in 16 rows, with 10 m between rows and 4 m between plants in a row. It was used a completely randomized design with four replicates. Each row contained at least one seedling of all the trees evaluated. A repeat was composed of four rows. The Tukey test (P=0,05) showed significant differences between the survival means, indicating that the seedling container and ecological succession groups (pioneer, early secondary, late secondary and climax) affected the results. The highest survival rates were found for the ipe (Tabebuia impetiginosa), caroba (Jacaranda cuspidifolia) and aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva). The highest rates of relative growth (P=0,05) in 12 months were observed for chico-magro (Guazuma ulmifolia), caroba (J. cuspidifolia) and canafistula (Peltophorum dubium). The growth rates of the pioneer species were higher (P=0,05) than the more advanced ecological groups in the successional scale (late secondary and climax). The differences increased over the time and during rainy season (P=0,05). The results indicated the use of three species to be established in the existing pasture of the Cerrado (savannahs), considering the increments in height, stem diameter and survival rate: chico-magro (G. ulmifolia), caroba (J. decurrens) and canafistula (Peltophorum dubium). The three species belong to the initial successional group.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The diametric curves (J-reverse shape) and values of Liocourt's 'q' quotient suggested problems involving lack of regeneration for the main populations for most of the SI species, however, some ST populations showed a tendency to disappear from the community in the long term, while other SI species became part of the community.
Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura diametrica arborea de um remanescente de Floresta Atlântica Submontana no Municipio de Silva Jardim, RJ. Foram utilizadas 20 parcelas de 100 x 5 m, em que todas as arvores com DAP > 5 cm foram amostradas. A estrutura diametrica foi analisada em toda a comunidade e nas principais populacoes (determinadas segundo o VI), a partir de histogramas com intervalos de classes definidos pela formula de Spiegel. A analise tambem considerou os grupos sucessionais das especies (pioneiras: PI; secundarias iniciais: SI; e secundarias tardias: ST). As curvas (J-reverso) e valores do quociente "q" indicaram ausencia de problemas de regeneracao das principais populacoes, a maioria de especies SI. Entretanto, foi observada tendencia de saida de algumas das principais populacoes de ST (ex. Plathymenia foliolosa e Euterpe edulis), paralelamente a entrada de outras SI. Os resultados complementam as analises floristicas desenvolvidas anteriormente no remanescente, o que indica que a estrutura diametrica tambem foi alterada pela fragmentacao e pelas perturbacoes antropicas preteritas. Acoes coibindo novas perturbacoes e o enriquecimento atraves do plantio de mudas das especies mais afetadas sao urgentes, visando a recuperacao da qualidade ambiental desse remanescente.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Neste trabalho foram testadas diferentes concentracoes de cloro ativo na assepsia de explantes para o estabelecimento in vitro e a concentracao de BAP resultou na maior proliferacao de gemas axilares para o clone H12 aos 60 dias.
Abstract: Neste trabalho foram testadas diferentes concentracoes de cloro ativo (NaOCl) na assepsia de explantes para o estabelecimento in vitro, bem como benzilaminopurina (BAP) e acido naftalenoacetico (ANA) para a multiplicacao e alongamento de Eucalyptus benthamii x Eucalyptus dunnii. As minicepas fornecedoras de propagulos para introducao in vitro foram conduzidas em minijardim clonal sob sistema semi-hidroponico. Segmentos nodais dos clones H12, H19 e H20 foram desinfestados com 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; e 2,0% (v/v) de cloro ativo durante 10 min e inoculados em meio de cultura MS. Na obtencao de brotacoes multiplas, utilizou-se o meio de cultura ½MS suplementado com 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; e 1,0 mg L-1 de BAP. Na fase de alongamento, utilizou-se o meio de cultura ½MS com 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; e 1,0 mg L-1 de ANA. Nao houve interacao entre os fatores estudados, obtendo-se 45%, 46% e 66% de estabelecimento do clone H12, H19 e H20, respectivamente. A concentracao de BAP que resultou na maior proliferacao de gemas axilares para o clone H12 aos 60 dias foi estimada na faixa de 0,25 e 0,30 mg L-1. Aos 60 dias, a faixa entre 0,25 e 0,75 mg L-1 de ANA promoveu o maior numero de brotacoes alongadas do clone H12.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data of this study indicates that increased light intensity and reduced air relative humidity favor minicutting rooting and the number of minicuttings produced by ministumps, as well.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of linear association among climate variables with the production and rooting of Eucalyptus minicuttings cultivated in two types of mini garden (sand bed and sub-irrigation tubes). CENIBRA data were used for minicutting rooting, number of minicuttings per ministump and climate monitoring data. The number of minicuttings produced per ministump and their rooting rate were correlated with climatic data (light, temperature and air relative humidity) .Temperature influences minicuting rooting in different ways, with the effect varying according with the clone and type of clonal mini garden. As for the number of minicuttings, temperature increase favors the production of minicuttings, regardless of the type of mini garden. Light influenced rooting and number of minicuttings positively , while air relative humidity had a negative effect, regardless of the type of mini garden evaluated. The data of this study indicates that increased light intensity and reduced air relative humidity favor minicutting rooting and the number of minicuttings produced by ministumps, as well.

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work aimed to evaluate root colonization and interaction among isolates of rhizobacteria and eucalypt species to indicate if the effect was benefic or deleterious allowing to pre-select isolates as potential growth promoter.
Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate root colonization and interaction among isolates of rhizobacteria and eucalypt species. The method used to evaluate "in vitro" root colonization was able to indicate if the effect was benefic or deleterious allowing to pre-select isolates as potential growth promoter . There was interaction among isolates of rhizobacteria and Eucalyptus species for seed germinating and seedling growth. MF2 ( Pseudomonas sp.) was the best rhizobacteria isolate for growth promotion of E. cloeziana e E. grandis. S1 (Bacillus subtilis) was the most effective for E. globulus, and Ca (Pseudomonas fulva), MF2 (Pseudomonas sp.), CIIb (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) and S2 (B. subtilis) were the most promising isolates for the E. urophylla.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the area of fragmentos florestais in Jaboticabal, SP, with the aim of avaliar a evolucao temporal and o numero of fragments floresta no periodo de 29 anos, utilizing tecnicas de sensoriamento remoto and fotointerpretacao.
Abstract: RESUMO ‐ Este estudo foi conduzido no Municipio de Jaboticabal, SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a evolucao temporal e o numero de fragmentos florestais no periodo de 29 anos, utilizando-se tecnicas de sensoriamento remoto e fotointerpretacao. Para a elaboracao dos mapas foram utilizadas Cartas do IBGE de 1971 e fotografias areas de 2000. Os resultados apontaram diminuicao das areas de floresta. Em 1971, o municipio apresentava 3,63% da area total com fragmentos florestais, e em 2000 observou-se, apenas, 1,55% dessa area. Tal fato ocorreu tendo em vista o avanco de praticas agricolas com predominância da cultura de cana-de-acucar . A porcentagem de fragmentos florestais em 1971, com areas menores que 10 ha, era de 46,72%, ja em 2000 esse numero passou para 78,51%, concluindo-se um processo de fragmentacao acentuado (31,79%) no periodo analisado. Os fragmentos florestais com maior extensao em 1971 se apresentaram extremamente fragmentados em 2000. Aproximadamente 60% dos fragmentos, nas duas epocas, apresentavam forma alongada, indicando alta relacao perimetro/area. Palavras-chave: Fragmentos florestais, mapeamento e sensoriamento remoto. EVALUATION OF FOREST FRAGMENT IN JABOTICABAL-S .P.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a trabalho about the effect of fog on composicao floristica and estrutura da vegetacao lenhosa in Cerrado sentido restrito no Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas (PESCAN).
Abstract: Considerando que o regime de queima e um dos principais fatores que alteram a estrutura e composicao de especies de uma comunidade vegetal, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do fogo na composicao floristica e estrutura da vegetacao lenhosa de Cerrado sentido restrito no Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas (PESCAN), Goias, submetida a diferentes regimes de queima. Foram utilizadas duas areas de Cerrado sentido restrito: uma delas submetida ao fogo em 2002 e 2006 e outra sem a passagem do fogo nessas duas epocas. Em cada area foram estabelecidas 25 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, sendo incluidas no estudo todas as arvores (C30>15 cm). As duas areas estudadas apresentaram composicao floristica similar, evidenciada pelo Coeficiente de Sorensen, o qual encontrou 84% de similaridade na composicao floristica entre as areas. Entretanto, a estrutura da vegetacao apresentou diferencas relevantes, evidenciada pelo Indice de Similaridade de Bray Curtis, o qual obteve valor de 0,67, que foi refletido por mudancas na estrutura das comunidades estudadas. A area queimada apresentou menor numero de individuos, de especies, menor valor de area basal e, por conseguinte, do Indice de Diversidade de Shannon (H') e Equabilidade (J'). Nesse sentido, provavelmente a frequencia das queimadas ocorridas na area nao foram suficientes para evidenciar o efeito do fogo no processo de alteracao na composicao das especies lenhosas. Entretanto, o fogo exerceu papel relevante na modificacao da estrutura da vegetacao.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a trechos de Floresta Estacional Semidecodual, em distintos estadios sucessionais (inicial and maduro), da regiao de Vicosa, MG, foram estudados com o objetivo of quantificar a producao anual e o conteudo of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg da serapilheira, bem como caracterizar a dinâmica de decomposicao and liberacao dos nutrientes des
Abstract: Dois trechos de Floresta Estacional Semidecodual, em distintos estadios sucessionais (inicial e maduro), da regiao de Vicosa, MG, foram estudados com o objetivo de quantificar a producao anual e o conteudo de N, P, K, Ca e Mg da serapilheira, bem como caracterizar a dinâmica de decomposicao e liberacao dos nutrientes desse compartimento e a eficiencia anual de utilizacao dos nutrientes. A queda anual de serapilheira foi de 6.310 kg.ha-1 no trecho de floresta em seu estadio inicial e de 8.819 kg.ha-1 no de floresta madura. O conteudo de nutrientes foi de 137 e 180 kg.ha-1 de N, 5 e 8 kg.ha-1 de P; 17 e 45 kg.ha-1 de K; 89 e 179 kg.ha-1 de Ca; e 21 e 26 kg.ha-1 de Mg, nos trechos de floresta nos estadios inicial e maduro, respectivamente. A quantidade media de serapilheira acumulada sobre o solo totalizou 4.647 kg.ha-1 no trecho de floresta inicial e 7.006 kg.ha-1 na floresta madura. A estimativa media da taxa instantânea de decomposicao (K) foi de 1,36 no trecho de floresta inicial e de 1,26 na floresta madura, sendo o tempo medio de renovacao da serapilheira de 270 e 288 dias, respectivamente. A menor producao de serapilheira na floresta inicial reflete, em parte, a estrutura menos desenvolvida desse trecho de floresta em estadio inicial de sucessao, com producao de serapilheira de qualidade inferior a da floresta madura, no entanto com renovacao mais rapida e utilizacao mais eficiente dos nutrientes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a trabalho was conducted to study a particao das chuvas em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica na Bacia do Prata em Recife, PE.
Abstract: A mata de Dois Irmaos e uma das poucas areas remanescentes da Floresta Atlântica no Estado de Pernambuco. Nela estao inseridos os acudes do Meio, do Prata e Dois Irmaos que compoem a bacia hidrografica do Prata. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a particao das chuvas em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica na Bacia do Prata em Recife, PE. Para obtencao dos dados de precipitacao sob florestas, foram instalados 24 interceptometros e selecionadas 20 arvores do estrato superior, e 10 arvores do sub-bosque foram escolhidas para obter os dados de escoamento pelo tronco. Encontraram-se perdas por interceptacao de 208,3 mm, precipitacao efetiva de 1.431,7 mm, precipitacao interna de 1.392,4 mm, escoamento pelo tronco das arvores do estrato superior de 6,6 mm e escoamento pelo sub-bosque de 32,8 mm, correspondendo a 12,7%, 87,3%, 84,9%, 0,4% e 2%, respectivamente, do total precipitado de 1.464 mm.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work aimed to study the "paratudal", an arboreal savanna formation of the Pantanal de Miranda, Corumba - MS. There is a predominance of Paspalum hydrophilum grass and Tabebuia aurea tree species.
Abstract: This work aimed to study the "paratudal", an arboreal savanna formation of the Pantanal de Miranda, Corumba - MS. There is a predominance of Paspalum hydrophilum grass and Tabebuia aurea tree species. The "paratudal" presents a mean density of 363 individuals/ha, height average of 6.7 m and stem diameter of 16.7 cm. This vegetation formation in some regions of the Pantanal de Miranda could be a result of the soil characteristics, flooding, human factor, and association with arthropods that form wooded hills, whereupon the species can be established. This species must present physiological mechanisms that allow it to survive with high levels of calcium and magnesium; alternated months of drought and flood and changes in the soil pH.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified the stem biomass without bark and the carbon stock in a mature forest located in the municipal district of Vicosa (MG) using the non-destructive method, by the use of a mean wood density of species of greater importance value.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to quantify the stem biomass without bark and the carbon stock in a mature forest located in the municipal district of Vicosa (MG). The biomass quantification was performed using the non-destructive method, by the use of a mean wood density of species of greater importance value. Three hundred and nineteen tree species were registered, belonging to 177 genera and 60 families. The quantification of the biomass resulted in 166,67 t.ha-1, which corresponds to 83,34 tC.ha-1. The estimates obtained for the mature forest can be used as a reference for the establishment of afforestation/reforestation projects in the scope of the Clean Development Mechanism.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Germination and vigor were hampered by partial drying and by the storage duration in a differential mode, and both traits depended on the climatic conditions observed during seed developing and maturation.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to verify the effects of partial drying and storage duration on the germination and vigor of three E. edulis seed lots developed under different weather conditions. Mature fruits were harvested in the palm collection from the Instituto Agronomico, located in Ubatuba, SP., forming three seed lots. Seeds from ten plants were harvested on 02/99 and constituted the Seed lot 1; seed lot 2 was composed of seeds of fifteen plants collected in 04/00, whereas seeds from eleven plants harvested on 08/00 composed seed lot 3. The fruits were depulped and the seeds were dried for 0, 20 and 40 hours, using a drying chamber regulated at 27o C of temperature and 35% of relative humidity. The seeds were stored at 10o C, in closed plastic bags (20 mm thick). During storage, seed quality was evaluated every six weeks, using the following traits: seed water content (105±3oC/24h), germination (%) and vigor (first germination counting and index of the velocity of germination (IVG). Seed drying prior to storage decreased the seed water content in 14 - 21% of the initial values. Germination and vigor were hampered by partial drying and by the storage duration in a differential mode, and both traits depended on the climatic conditions observed during seed developing and maturation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of different nitrogen doses and substrate formulations on the minicutting technique of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden was determined, in which the clonal minigarden of 90-day-old seedlings was cultivated in the commercial substrate of pine bark and vermiculite (tubes of 55 cm3).
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different nitrogen doses and substrate formulations on the minicutting technique of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. The clonal minigarden of 90-day- old seedlings was cultivated in the commercial substrate of pine bark and vermiculite (tubes of 55 cm3). The dose test used a unique source (NH4NO3) in the following concentrations of N: 0.2; 0.4 and 0.6 g L- 1. Each ministump was weekly watered with 10 mL of the tested solution. Five different substrate mixtures were tested: a commercial substrate with pine bark special, medium size vermiculite, carbonized rind of rice and incorporated fertilization. The survival of ministumps in the nitrogen doses tested was 100% until the 10th collection, after which, it was observed mortality in 0.4 treatment (1 ministump). All the evaluated characteristics showed direct relation to the N doses tested. The higher values were achieved with higher doses. The substrates presented statistical differences in the survival and formation of seedlings (collar diameter and height) and vegetative vigor of seedlings. In conclusion, the minicutting technique of E. dunnii is influenced by the nitrogen fertirrigation and the substrate. It is suggested the dose of 0.6 g L-1 and the substrate formed by the commercial substrate with pine bark and vermiculite + medium size vermiculite + carbonized rind of rice (1:1:1) + incorporated fertilization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the fertility of coal mining soils built over open pit coal mining ar eas (28°35'50'' S e 49°25'26'' W) in the city of Sideropolis (SC) was analyzed.
Abstract: With the objective of analyzing the fertility of soils built over open pit coal mining ar eas (28°35'50'' S e 49°25'26'' W) in the city of Sideropolis (SC), two areas of different reclamation ages were selected: area IV and area VI, reclaimed in 2002 and 2003, respectively. A 100m transection was established in the center of each area, where perpendicular 20m transects were tossed at regular intervals of 10m, alternating to the right and to the left, and nine soil samples were collected (0 - 0,2 m). The nine samples of each group of two consecutive transects were gathered into a compound sample, reducing the sampling universe from 90 to 5 samples of soil for each area. The contents of clay, pH, Phosphorus, Potassium, organic matter, Aluminum, Calcium, Manganese, H + Al, base sum, CTC and base saturation were analyzed. In both areas, the content of clay fell into class three category, the content of organic compound was low , the pH and V% significantly low. Manganese varied from medium to high, BS varied from low to medium and CTC was consider ed high. In area IV, the content of P was low and Ca varied from medium to low, while in area VI the content of P varied from low to medium and Ca was low . Although differences had been observed among some of the parameters analyzed, they were not severely affected by the reclaimed time of the two areas.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the growth and quality of seedlings of Piptadenia gonoacantha in response to nitrogen sources and doses produced in samplings of three different types of soil.
Abstract: The objective of the present work was to evaluate the growth and the quality of seedlings of Piptadenia gonoacantha in response to nitrogen sources and doses produced in samplings of three different types of soil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized design (DBC), in a factorial scheme (3x5x3), corresponding to three sources (ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and ammonium sulphate), and five doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/dm≥ N), applied in a solution in four equal parts 25, 50, 75 and 100 days after seed saving), and three types of soil (Latisol, Argisol and Cambisol) with four repetitions. The morphologic parameters, Dickson quality index, root system nodulation, both active and total and their relations were analyzed. The substrates Argisol and Cambisol and ammonium sulphate provided greater means for the morphologic characteristics evaluated. In r elation to the N doses evaluated in this study, the better means for the morphologic parameters were achieved with the doses varying from 151 to 200 mg/dm 3 N.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that there was a small regeneration ratio and the sexual ratio was around 1:1, as previously expected for the species, and in the spatial pattern analysis, aggregation groups appear in all classes studied.
Abstract: The Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze is a Brazilian native species considered threatened. There is a lack of information and data about the species ecology that could be used as the basis for preservation and management measures. Intending to alleviate the this lack of data, this study was carried out based on a natural population of A. angustifolia occurring in the Forest Genetic Reserve of Cacador, located in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. The main goal of the present work was to describe the demographic structure of a natural A. angustifolia population. Therefore, the population studied was divided into four classes based on stage and gender: regeneration, juveniles, males and females. The diametric and height structures, sexual ratio, spatial and dependence patterns were evaluated. The results demonstrated that there was a small regeneration ratio and the sexual ratio was around 1:1, as previously expected for the species. In the spatial pattern analysis, aggregation groups appear in all classes studied. The regeneration showed clusters that do not seem to be associated to adult specimens. The natural regeneration occurs, but in low density under forest conditions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia Vegetal
Abstract: Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia Vegetal

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that the nutritive solution used in the clonal minigarden must be specific for each clone, and plays an important role on the adventitious rooting of the minicuttings produced by the ministumps, generating different responses according to the nutrient considered.
Abstract: The adventitious rooting of cuttings is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the plant material. The knowledge about the way of the action of these factors upon rooting is essential for the success of the seedling production by minicuttings. Among the factors involved in rooting the mineral nutrition can be emphasized because there is a significant relation between it and rooting, but the importance of various nutrients in this process has not been completely explained yet. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the linear association degree between the nutritional status of ministumps with the rooting of eucalyptus minicuttings. Data from the CENIBRA enterprise were used, and those of rooting of minicuttings and the nutrient contents found in chemical analyses of leaf tissues of the ministumps were analyzed. The data used were from a clonal minigarden grown in sand beds, with fertirrigation by dripping. With these data, analyses were performed to evaluate the existence of a linear correlation among the concentrations of macro and micronutrients in the ministumps and the rooting rate of the minicuttings. The results indicate that the mineral nutrition plays an important role on the adventitious rooting of the minicuttings produced by the ministumps, generating different responses according to the nutrient considered. The results of this study indicate that the nutritive solution used in the clonal minigarden must be specific for each clone.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluating the different treatments used for Adenanthera pavonina L. seed dormancy overcoming germinated under three temperatures found that the temperature of 35oC promoted the highest germination percentages in seven days.
Abstract: Considering the necessity of better knowledge about the dormancy overcoming processes of a species of a species of economic interest, the objective of the present article was to evaluate the different treatments used for Adenanthera pavonina L. seed dormancy overcoming germinated under three temperatures (30, 35 and 40oC). Two experiments were carried out: immersion in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 10, 20 and 30 minutes; mechanical scarification by the sandpaper for wood #80 for 15, 30 and 45 seconds and the control. A completely randomized experimental design was used for each experiment, with four repetitions with 40 seeds each. It was performed a regression analysis for each variable. The analyzed variables were: germination percentage in seven days; germination speed index (IVG) and germination speed (VG), accomplished daily through the counting of the germinated seeds. The seeds that showed radicle protrusion were considered germinated and they are discarded later. Under the conditions in which the procedures were conduced, it was possible to infer that: the temperature of 35oC promoted the highest germination percentages in seven days; The highest germination percentage at 35oC can be obtained with the immersion in H2SO4, for 22 minutes, or mechanical scarification by the sandpaper for wood #80, for 20 seconds. The maximum IVG, by 27 minutes (in H2SO4) or by 32.5 seconds (mechanical scarification) and the maximum VG, by 27.3 minutes (in H2SO4) or 34 seconds (mechanical scarification).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These cultivars of molasses grass showed similar behavior and the factors studied help to partially explain the success of this grass in colonizing natural habitats in the Brazilian Cerrado.
Abstract: Biological invasion by exotic species is considered one of the main threats to biodiversity conservation in protected areas. Due to its aggressiveness, Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv (molasses grass) is considered as the grass that has caused the highest impact on the native flora of the Brazilian Cerrado. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the invasive potential of two cultivars of Melinis minutiflora. Field and laboratory evaluations showed a seed production of 192 kg/ha (71946 viable seeds/m2) and 171 kg/ha (81690 viable seeds/m2) and 171 kg/ha for the cultivars Cabelo-de-Negro and Roxo, respectively. Recently collected seeds presented high viability and dormancy. As for colonization, the burial of seeds up to 3 cm of depth did not hinder seedling emergence, but the seeds of both cultivars buried at 4 cm did not emerge. The emergence of seedlings occurred from December to March. However, adverse factors such as shade, inter and intraspecific competition, low soil fertility and water stress did not completely eliminate all of the recently established individuals in the last rainy season. These cultivars of molasses grass showed similar behavior and the factors studied help to partially explain the success of this grass in colonizing natural habitats in the Brazilian Cerrado.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: As avaliacoes floristicas mostraram, ainda, that as florestas no litoral catarinense se encontravam em dinâmica sucessional, e a densidade de plantas ramificadas e notadamente superior em estadios florestais secundarios iniciais, embora as taxas de incremento corrente anual fossem similares.
Abstract: Em Santa Catarina, foi observado aumento da cobertura florestal nas ultimas decadas, o que vem construindo uma paisagem florestal retalhada por um grande mosaico de fragmentos de varios estadios sucessionais. Neste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar o dinamismo do processo sucessional de dois diferentes estadios sucessionais. Em area florestal de 40 ha localizada no Municipio de Sao Pedro de Alcântara, SC, abandonada pelo uso agropecuario em meados de 1970, foram estabelecidas aleatoriamente parcelas permanentes (50 x 50 m), duas em estadio florestal secundario medio (SM) e quatro em estadio secundario avancado (SA). As avaliacoes anuais durante o periodo de 1994 a 2000 de todas as plantas arboreas com DAP >5 cm revelaram que no SM os valores da densidade de plantas, residentes, recrutadas, mortas e ramificadas foram superiores em relacao aos no SA. No entanto, a riqueza de especies, area basal e distribuicao diametrica foram superiores no SA. Botanicamente, foram observadas com muita clareza as especies e as familias dominantes de cada estadio e igualmente o dinamismo sucessional desse grupo de especies, aumento explosivo e posterior declinio e substituicao, evidenciando-se perfeitamente a funcionalidade dos grupos ecologicos nessa tipologia florestal. Por fim, destacou-se que a densidade de plantas ramificadas e notadamente superior em estadios florestais secundarios iniciais, embora as taxas de incremento corrente anual fossem similares. As avaliacoes floristicas mostraram, ainda, que as florestas no litoral catarinense se encontravam em dinâmica sucessional, em que especies climaxicas vem substituindo paulatinamente o grupo de especies pioneiras, elevando a diversidade de especies e a biomassa florestal.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to determine some mechanical properties of the wood from a Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucaliaptus grandis clonal hybrid, at two different ages and coming from coppice and reform.
Abstract: The search for wood originated from reforestations destined to sawmill has been observed for many years, mainly for the Eucalyptus species. Searching for information to assist this market, the aim of this study was to determine some mechanical properties of the wood from a Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis clonal hybrid, at two different ages and coming from coppice and reform. The results show that the wood of this clonal hybrid presents good technological characteristics and is the second best log (starting from 3,0 m), as to static bending properties (Module of Elasticity - MOE and Module of Rupture - MOR). The oldest trees (166 months - E2) which suffered two thinning presented the best results for the property of static bending and axial crushing (CA).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reforestation with native species provided a seed bank with a greater diversity of native arboreal species than the eucalyptus plantation, and the similarity between the planted and natural forest should be enhanced over the time.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitatively the seed bank of two natural forest remainders, one Eucalyptus robusta plantation and three reforestation areas with native species, located in a riparian area of Mogi-Guacu River floodplain, in Luiz Antonio County (21°31´S and 47°55´W), Sao Paulo State, Brazil The evaluation was carried out in 12 plots of 10 x 10 m systematically distributed in each area Four subplots of 05 m x 05 m were randomly distributed in each plot Two subplots were used to evaluate the seed bank in the litter and two in the soil sample at the 0 - 5 cm depth The sampling was accomplished in September 2001 in the natural forest remainders and in the eucalyptus plantation and, in September 2002, in the reforested areas The soil and the litter were conditioned in plastic pots, and incubated with periodic irrigations for the seed germination during seven months, in two greenhouse environment conditions: one at 100% sunlight and the other, under a screen that provides a 70% sunlight reduction In the composition of all sample area seed banks, there was a predomination of pioneer species at the early successional stages The most important arboreal species were Aloysia virgata and Cecropia hololeuca The reforestation with native species provided a seed bank with a greater diversity of native arboreal species than the eucalyptus plantation The present study indicates that the similarity between the planted and natural forest should be enhanced over the time

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The objective of this work was to verify the growth, development and survival capacity of the individuals of the species implanted in the area of permanent preservation around the water reservoir on Mandaguari Farm, in Indianopolis, Minas Gerais.
Abstract: Degraded areas demand priority regarding actions for revegetation and recovery . However, there is a scarcity of studies to effectively guide us in these recovery practices. The objective of this work was to verify the growth, development and survival capacity of the individuals of the species implanted in the area of permanent preservation around the water reservoir on Mandaguari Farm, in Indianopolis, Minas Gerais. The species observed in fragments of the natural vegetation in the areas of the farm were the basis for the selection and production of seedlings used in the replanting. The replanting was carried out between 2005 and 2006 in 2.34 ha, which was divided in 26 parcels, measuring 21 x 21 m (441 m2). The distribution of the species was randomly performed with some restrictions in the randomization, so as to allocate neutral or even resistant species to flooding close to the margin of the dam. The areas differed from each other as to the percentile composition of the ecological groups (succession) and spacing (3 x 3 and 3 x 6 m). In spite of their relatively high mortality rates, Guazuma ulmifolia and Aegiphila lhotzkiana (50 and 28.6%, respectively) aggregated important development characteristics, which are their covering capacity (increments in height of 160 and 155 cm, respectively) and establishment (increments in diameter of 40.6 and 36.3 mm, respectively). Therefore, they were qualified as edifying agents in the regeneration process. Chorisia speciosa, in spite of the little prominence in height increment (71 cm), invested more in the diametric growth (31.4 mm), which is a fundamental characteristic for the establishment of the species.