scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers in "Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais in 2012"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Assembleia de Deus dos Ultimos Dias ex-bandidos, agora missionarios, sao personagens centrais na constituicao de circuitos simbolicos e territoriais em which criminalidade and religiao se entrelacam.
Abstract: Na igreja Assembleia de Deus dos Ultimos Dias ex-bandidos, agora missionarios, sao personagens centrais na constituicao de circuitos simbolicos e territoriais em que criminalidade e religiao se entrelacam. Em espacos perifericos, reconfigurados por esse imaginario evangelico, os mediadores politico-religiosos desta igreja buscam uma transformacao redentora dos "bandidos" e dos territorios do crime. Por meio de rituais, o pastor Marcos forja uma comunidade imaginada fortemente calcada nas experiencias de vida dos moradores de periferias diversas. Neste artigo, discutimos como a constituicao fisico-moral da pessoa resgatada por esta igreja atua sobre o sofrimento nao apenas de ex-bandidos, mas de todos aqueles que se identificam com um cenario mais amplo do crime, da violencia.

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A divisao social do trabalho sempre teve uma dimensao geopolitica as discussed by the authors, e a coleta de dados, o processamento teorico desses dados and a disseminacao e aplicacao dos resultados.
Abstract: processo de trabalho mais amplo no qual o conhe-cimento e produzido e circulado.Na producao contemporânea de conhecimen-to, tal como vista em universidades, o processo de trabalho intelectual como um todo envolve a coleta de dados, o processamento teorico desses dados e a disseminacao e aplicacao dos resultados. Isso tudo pode ser feito por apenas uma pessoa, e uma for-ma “artesanal” de organizar o processo de trabalho realmente existe nas disciplinas universitarias (Tan-cred-Sheriff, 1985). Mas, na maioria dos campos de saber, ha uma forca de trabalho maior e mais complexa, e uma detalhada divisao social de traba-lho relacionada a producao de conhecimento. ha tarefas organizativas e gerenciais nessa divisao do trabalho, as quais sao realizadas (no nivel estrategi-co) pela teoria.Conforme apontado por Paulin ountondh -ji (1997), esta divisao social do trabalho sempre teve uma dimensao geopolitica. Tanto nas ciencias

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of frame and some of its analytic operationalizations are discussed, and three investigative approaches deriving from it are subjected to analysis: (1) micro-sociological studies centered in the analysis of interactive situations; (2) discursive content analysis; and (3) framing effects analysis.
Abstract: The article discusses the concept of frame and some of its analytic operationalizations. Starting with a reflection about the roots of the notion of frame in the works of Gregory Bateson and Erving Goffman, three investigative approaches deriving from it are subjected to analysis: (1) micro-sociological studies centered in the analysis of interactive situations; (2) discursive content analysis; and (3) framing effects analysis. To conclude, the article discusses some risks and possibilities emerging from this diversified set of approaches. It is emphasized the need of perspectives attentively concerned with the inter-subjective and social dimension of framings.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a caracteristicas do processo que denominaremos "erotizacao da velhice", discutindo alguns de seus possiveis significados no marco das formas contemporâneas de gestao do envelhecimento and analisando as diferenciacoes de genero that ai se ope-ram, bem como certas fusoes.
Abstract: O objetivo deste artigo e descrever as caracteristicas do processo que denominaremos "erotizacao da velhice", discutindo alguns de seus possiveis significados no marco das formas contemporâneas de gestao do envelhecimento e analisando as diferenciacoes de genero que ai se ope-ram, bem como certas fusoes. Tomamos como base para nossa reflexao algumas publicacoes nacionais e internacionais sobre sexualidade na velhice, bem como dados etnograficos extraidos de pesquisas brasileiras realizadas em espacos de sociabilidade de velhos. Estes dados exemplificam o ponto de vista de mulheres participantes de grupos de terceira idade e de homens integrantes de associacoes de aposentados ou de redes de sociabilidade masculina a respeito do tema e servem de excelente contraponto para pensar os parâmetros estabelecidos pelos especialistas que se empenham em incluir a velhice no curso da vida sexual, propondo que o declinio da frequencia de atividade sexual com o avanco da idade e compensado por uma intensidade ampliada do prazer.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a focus on the percepcoes dos pardos permite explorar duas questoes centrais das relacoes raciais brasileiras, a identificacao racial e a mensuracao da discriminacao, a partir de uma perspectiva pouco explorada.
Abstract: Um elemento central, mas pouco discutido, no debate sobre relacoes raciais no pais e a perspectiva dos brasileiros pardos - a identificacao etno-racial que mais cresceu nos ultimos censos. historicamente os pardos compartilham uma situacao socioeconomica parecida com a dos pretos, mas identificam de maneira sistematica menos discriminacao racial do que esse grupo. O foco sobre as percepcoes dos pardos permite explorar duas questoes centrais das relacoes raciais brasileiras, a identificacao racial e a mensuracao da discriminacao, a partir de uma perspectiva pouco explorada. Para isso, utilizamos dados de survey e analisamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com entrevistados que se identificam como pardos - metodo que permite priorizar suas percepcoes, estrategias e definicoes de fronteiras raciais e simbolicas.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a dynamic model of criminal activities structuration is proposed to provide subsidies for a more comprehensive and systemic understanding of the development of such phenomenon in the country along the last decades.
Abstract: Dealing with the problem of the actions carried out by illegal armed groups in shantytowns and poor neighborhoods of Brazilian urban peripheries, this article aims at outlining a dynamic model of criminal activities structuration, expecting to provide subsidies for a more comprehensive and systemic understanding of the development of such phenomenon in the country along the last decades. Working on the perspective of a complex evolutionary model, we propose the idea that, despite their many forms of manifestation, it is possible to identify common stages of criminal activities structuration in the phenomenon of gangs and illegal armed groups active in Brazilian shantytowns. We argue that, in their initial stages, the criminal dynamics of gangs are characterized mainly by a societarian/communitarian logic, which gradually turns to be oriented towards more economic/rational ends as they adhere to more complex criminal activities.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCLK) as discussed by the authors is an example of a hierarchical, authoritarian, and self-centred religious order that is highly seductive in neoliberal societies with large informal economies.
Abstract: This article discusses the particularity of the theological project of Edir Macedo, leader of The Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. The authors propose that this group operates according to an institutional and social regulatory model that is highly seductive in neoliberal societies with large informal economies. The church presents a moral discourse that refutes 'narcissistic' and 'corrupt individualism,' and offers as an alternative rituals that promote sacrificial entrepreneurs who are disciplined and dedicated to family. It is also expected that the elite of the Universal Church provides access to 'social goods' for the vast number of churchgoers. In these ways the authoritarian nature of the church is supported through an expectative of tutelage. Drawing on data from Brazil, Portugal, and Angola, the authors also discuss the relationship between an ideal of social responsibility, the regional political cultures and the maintenance of hierarchical and authoritarian pastoral power at the Universal Church.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate a dinâmica interna do processo decisorio no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), com foco nas respostas que o tribunal da as demandas que chegam via controle direto de constitucionalidade.
Abstract: O objetivo deste artigo e investigar a dinâmica interna do processo decisorio no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), com foco nas respostas que o tribunal da as demandas que chegam via controle direto de constitucionalidade. Nossa hipotese e de que as respostas diferem dependendo do perfil dos ministros. Nosso interesse se dirige ao conjunto do tribunal, e nao na individualidade dos ministros. Argumentamos que mudancas na composicao da corte se refletem em mudancas no padrao de decisao. Elegemos para a analise um periodo de grande renovacao na composicao do STF, entre o segundo governo FHC (1999-2002) e o primeiro governo Lula (2003-2006). Mapeamos os padroes de decisao do tribunal nos casos de Acoes Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade e os fatores que influenciariam essas decisoes. A conclusao da pesquisa e de que a composicao da Corte e o perfil dos ministros importam, mas a variavel determinante no resultado da decisao e o voto do relator. Alem disso, os dados permitem afirmar que, ao contrario do que aponta grande parte da literatura, o STF nao e tao parcimonioso em sua atuacao.

16 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a debate between two different understandings on racial integration in the United States and the place of Africa in such process is described. But the debate highlighted interesting aspects regarding the way Anthropology defines itself as a discipline as compared to Sociology, and related to the construction of African studies and Afro-Brazilian studies as academic fields.
Abstract: Between 1941 and 1943, the city of Salvador, Bahia, became the site of a battle between two different understandings on racial integration in the United States and the place of Africa in such process. Franklin Frazier, the most famous Black American sociologist at the time, was involved in an argument with the equally famous White and Jewish anthropologist Melville Herskovits on the "origins" of the so-called "Black family".To make things even more complex, both centered their contention on fieldwork done with the same informants: the members (the povo de santo) of the same Candomble house of worship in Salvador - the prestigious and "traditional" Gantois terreiro, of the Ketu/Yoruba nation. In between the two of them was the linguist Lorenzo Dow Turner, who was a friend of Frazier, but whose scholarly theories were closer to Herskovits'. The debate highlighted interesting aspects regarding the way Anthropology defines itself as a discipline as compared to Sociology, as well as related to the construction of African studies and Afro-Brazilian studies as academic fields.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors discusses the use of ethnography as a methodology for the research of subjects related to science and technology, in order to assess some of the challenges confronted by contemporary social sciences in such domain.
Abstract: This article discusses ethnography as a methodology for the research of subjects related to science and technology, in order to assess some of the challenges confronted by contemporary social sciences in such domain.the ethnographic approach is becoming a tool increasingly used in the analysis of the relations between science, technology and society. In a parallel movement, such subjects have increasingly become of interest for anthropology. The anthropological studies in this area offer a unique perspective that should be further explored, including the analysis of science as a social practice and the idea of technology as a total social fact. These approaches could enrich both the field of science, technology and society, and the anthropological studies of contemporary science and technology in society.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A interpretacao da teoria da racionalizacao social de Max Weber constitui um dos topics mais controversos da literatura especializada no pensamento deste autor as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A interpretacao da teoria da racionalizacao social de Max Weber constitui um dos topicos mais controversos da literatura especializada no pensamento deste autor. Visando enfrentar este complexo tema, este artigo sumariza as conclusoes dos principais comentadores que tratam da questao, bem como descreve os conceitos weberianos de racionalidade material e formal e de racionalidade teorica e pratica situando-os nos escritos de Max Weber. Com base neste levantamento exegetico, apontamos alguns limites da bibliografia secundaria, destacando algumas de suas implicacoes para a compreensao do sentido que a tematica da racionalidade e da racionalizacao adquire no corpus textual weberiano.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore three core analytical innovations: Lieberman (2002), Greif (2006), and Mahoney and Thelen (2010) produced by the second generation of historical new institutionalism about endogenous institutional change.
Abstract: This paper explores three core analytical innovations: Lieberman (2002), Greif (2006), and Mahoney and Thelen (2010), produced by the second generation of historical new institutionalism about endogenous institutional change. It explores the logic of the key conceptual and analytical transformations in the recent methodological debate over issues on how to expand the explanatory powers of traditional models overcoming the exogeneity and stability bias problems. The main argument is that there is a substantial set of transformations coming through in the new institutional agenda via the introduction of new conceptualizations, theoretical frameworks and, fundamentally, through the consideration of a new set of causal mechanisms that allows new models to expand and deepen the analysis of institutional change mainly taking into account institutional causes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that structuring forces are still present among the changes observed in the poor territories of Sao Paulo, even when invisible, modulated by the mix between the processes identified as global changes and its local developments, like the impact of the so-called "Chinese cost" in work relations.
Abstract: Rooted in ethnographic findings, this article wants to show that structuring forces are still present among the changes observed in the poor territories of Sao Paulo, even when invisible, modulated by the mix between the processes identified as global changes and its local developments, like the impact of the so-called "Chinese cost" in work relations. In a European context, the global processes may have the meaning of porosity and traffic among frontiers, international migrations, trade means crossing formal and informal poles of circulation and consumption. In the east of Sao Paulo it is possible to observe other modulations of these processes. Part of them have taken place with a silent and invisible transformation of urban territories, mixing the so-called "world of housing" and the "world of work."

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors take a classic theme in the social sciences in Latin America: the relationship between domestic development (national) and external influences, and introduce the problem of the sociological thinking in the context of the globalization of culture.
Abstract: This article takes a classic theme in the social sciences in Latin America: the relationship between domestic development (national) and external influences. It is, however, a recommencement that introduces the problem of the sociological thinking in the context of the globalization of culture. In this sense, to escape the dichotomy between national thinking and cosmopolitan thinking, the author proposes that the social sciences are a language with different accents. There is not, therefore, a universal core (thus identified with theories produced in Europe or the United States) and a regional knowledge, identified with the so-called peripheral countries.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study conducted in the Amazonia boliviana, brasileira, and peruana revealed that sistemas comunitarios de gestao florestal existentes in Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru surgiram a partir tentativas das comunidades de restringir o acesso de atores externos a recursos de interesse local.
Abstract: Comunidades da Amazonia podem se beneficiar do uso de seus recursos florestais ao estabelecer sistemas de gestao comunitaria de acordo com seus interesses e capacidades. Para isso, no entanto, as comunidades enfrentam tres desafios principais: desenvolver os sistemas, implementa- los e conseguir seu reconhecimento pela sociedade. Esse estudo realizado na Amazonia boliviana, brasileira e peruana revelou que sistemas comunitarios de gestao florestal existentes na Amazonia surgiram a partir tentativas das comunidades de restringir o acesso de atores externos a recursos de interesse local. Relacoes conflituosas com atores externos levaram a mobilizacao e a organizacao das comunidades. Aliancas com parceiros influentes, como organizacoes ambientalistas, ofereceram as comunidades condicoes de barganhar para ter seus sistemas reconhecidos. Os resultados sugerem que relacoes autonomas (em contraste com paternalistas) com atores externos sao fundamentais para o desenvolvimento local.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the action of Brazilian Senators in the deliberation of international acts negotiated by the executive branch and argue that lawmakers are interested actors in discussing and analyzing matters of Foreign Policy.
Abstract: This article analyses the action of Brazilian Senators in the deliberation of international acts negotiated by the executive branch. A central point here argued is that lawmakers are interested actors in discussing and analyzing matters of Foreign Policy. Constitutional precepts put significant limits on congressional action, when prevent the submission of amendments to international acts or the impossibility to exercise control ex ante, which is the reason that makes it necessary to look for other mechanisms in order to measure the parliamentary action. The work demonstrates not only occurrences of different forms of participation of parliamentarians in the deliberative process, but also exemplify heated disagreement situations among them, when it comes to the substantive content of certain international acts. Uninterested lawmakers do not waste time and energy debating questions that do not interest them.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a reflection on the social aspects involved in the production of the TV series Malu Mulher, broadcasted in 1979-1980 by the Globo network, mapping out elements related to the composition of the script and the character.
Abstract: The article develops a reflection on the social aspects involved in the production of the TV series Malu Mulher - broadcasted in 1979-1980 by the Globo network -, mapping out elements related to the composition of the script and the character. This TV series is central for the changes in gender construction in Globo's television dramaturgy. The authors have drawn on varied sources in order to outline the main lines of the script:the feminist movement; newspaper news and remarkable facts of the time; personal life of the authors, producers and actors participating in the series. On the other hand, many factors influenced the way the episodes were brought about: the audience and the reaction of the public; the public image of the actress Regina Duarte; the military regime's censorship. Such elements help to explain why some gender constructions became hegemonic conventions while others remained taboo in Brazilian television.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate how plausible it is nowadays to conduct a "democratic foreign policy" and show that it is possible to make the two categories -democracy and foreign policy - work in tandem.
Abstract: Many different formulas have been attempted in order to promote smoother connections between foreign policy and democracy within contemporary national societies, but difficulties to accommodate them remain paramount. This article investigates, both from ontological and historical perspectives, how plausible it is nowadays to conduct a 'democratic foreign policy'. The argument relies on empirical data from countries that have actually associated in some way foreign policy with democracy, be they in Northern or Southern hemisphere. The author intends to demonstrate that the 'democratic foreign policy'proposal is no longer to be seen as a logical contradiction (an oxymoron) nor as an impossible political arrangement (a chimera), as it seemed to be the case in the 20th century. Nonetheless, one can still identify a myriad of practical obstacles when trying to make the two categories - democracy and foreign policy - work in tandem.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the legitimacy building process concerning the representation in the civil society is investigated and the importance of subjective experiences for a well-succeeded identification of different forms of injustice.
Abstract: This article investigates the legitimacy building process concerning the representation in the civil society. Based on the recognition theory, the author defends the importance of the subjective experiences for a well-succeeded identification of different forms of injustice. Firstly, the author contends that the subjective experience, although being regarded as a necessary and irreplaceable source of intelligibility of injustice, cannot become a reliable source of justification in the public sphere. Secondly, the author investigates different forms of representation which become overlapped in the civil sphere and the need to articulate them with electoral representation and traditional dynamics of representative politics. Finally, the author discusses some manner to institutionalize the representation coming from civil society participation, in order to produce democratic effects in the organization of social life.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the influence of the decentralization of the constituent work in the formation of the 1988 Constitution and show that preference outliers in the step of constituent committee determined much of the Constitution adopted in the end of 1988.
Abstract: This article evaluates the influence of the decentralization of the constituent work in the formation of the 1988 Constitution. We note that the plenary was less crucial for the agenda of the constituent than several authors proclaim. The inclusion of public policies in the Constitution occurred mainly during the phase of commissions, under the aegis of progressive leaders, having been deepened in the trading floor. The article shows, therefore, how preference outliers in the step of constituent committee determined much of the Constitution adopted in the end of 1988.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A re-flection about the explanations for this phenomenon and discusses the recent inclusion of indigenous art in Australian museums, auction houses, and commercial galleries, what has raised a number of issuesregarding the determination of authorship and authenticity as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Indigenous people comprise only 2.5% of the population in Australia, but, in­terestingly, the proportion of artists is much higher among them than among the white. This article proposes a re­flection about the explanations for this phenomenon and discusses the recent inclusion of indigenous art in Australian museums, auction houses, and commer­cial galleries, what has raised a number of issuesregarding the determination of authorship and authenticity. Although these categories are central to the mar­ket and exhibition circuit, they are relatively arbitrary and negotiable. Fur­thermore, dialogues between white and indigenous artists started to happen, as well as the appropriation - not always authorized - of traditional iconography by companies and even the federal gov­ernment, which has been making use of this repertoire in the construction of the Australian national identity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A partir de um esboco de teoria acerca dos institutos de preservacao da ordem politico-institucional - Estado de excecao, Poder moderador, and Jurisdicao constitucional as discussed by the authors -, this artigo analisa os dilemas da construcao da Republica brasileira no vazio deixado pelo poder moderado imperial.
Abstract: A partir de um esboco de teoria acerca dos institutos de preservacao da ordem politico-institucional - Estado de excecao, Poder moderador e Jurisdicao constitucional -, este artigo analisa os dilemas da construcao da Republica brasileira no vazio deixado pelo poder moderador imperial. Diante da tibieza do funcionamento do seu propalado sucessor - a jurisdicao constitucional exercida pelo Supremo Tribunal -, argumenta-se que a nova ordem politica passou a ser garantida por um mecanismo institucional trazido da Constituicao argentina: o estado de sitio, manejado pelo presidente da Republica. Quatro diferentes interpretacoes do sitio revelaram-se na decada de 1890: a liberal, de Rui Barbosa, a jacobina, de Martins Jr., a republicana puritana, de Quintino Bocaiuva, e a conservadora, de Campos Sales. A consagracao desta ultima interpretacao transformaria o sitio em instrumento rotineiro de governo, empregado em beneficio da dominacao oligarquica.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Veyne discusses a percurso cronologico e religioso esclarecedor sobre um tema tao complexo que Veynes escolheu for enfrentar: nada menos do que a conversao de Constantino, episodio que abriu caminho para o advento do cristianismo.
Abstract: E impossivel ficarmos indiferentes diante dos livros de Paul Veyne. Eles geralmente tem o efeito de estimulo intelectual, quer por quem partilha ou nao suas ideias. O grande merito deste autor esta na sua capacidade em apresentar um tema de maneira que um especialista no mundo romano antigo e um leigo no assunto possam debate-lo. Em uma epoca de hiperespecializacao, preocupar-se em se tornar compreensivel, ou mesmo tornar sua disciplina atrativa, e uma qualidade rara o suficiente para ser sublinhada. Por essa razao o leitor nao ficara desapontado. O estudioso encontrara pontos de vista que pode convida-lo para qualificar o seu, e ao neofito sera oferecido um percurso cronologico e religioso esclarecedor sobre um tema tao complexo que Veyne escolheu para enfrentar: nada menos do que a conversao de Constantino, episodio que abriu caminho para o advento do cristianismo. Cronologicamente o texto inicia-se e conclui-se com duas batalhas: a primeira, e mais famosa, e a de Ponte Milvio (ou Milvia), perto de Roma, onde Constantino elimina seu rival Maxencio, em 28 de outubro de 312. Esta vitoria, que ele atribuiu a protecao do Deus cristao, e o ponto de partida de sua conversao ao cristianismo. A segunda batalha, quase desconhecida do publico em geral, e a do Rio Frio (ou Vipacco, em italiano, na fronteira entre a autal Italia e a Eslovenia), onde Teodosio, imperador cristao de Constantinopla, venceu, em 6 de setembro de 394, Flavius Eugenius, ou “O Usurpador”, que havia tomado o poder no Ocidente. Este ultimo, enquanto fora cristao, havia sido tolerante com os pagaos, especialmente os de Roma. Estas duas batalhas foram em si apenas epifenomenos politicos e militares que permitiram a dois individuos ambiciosos impor ou permanecer a frente do Imperio. Mas estas duas “cabecas quentes” tambem eram igualmente influenciadas por crencas religiosas, cuja analise de Veyne aponta contribuicoes que alteraram a face do mundo romano. Com efeito, e a partir de 312 que Constantino afirmou-se, e cada vez mais, como cristao. E a partir de 392 (com a lei que proibiu os ritos pagaos, publica ou privativamente) e mais ainda em 394 (ano do fim “da reacao paga” tolerada por Eugenius) que o cristianismo se tornou a religiao oficial. Portanto, conclui Veyne, trata-se de um conflito pelo trono que deu ensejo a uma revolucao religiosa – ao contrario do que se pensa –, no qual a proibicao do paganismo seria o resultado de um conflito politico. Metade da obra e consagrada a conversao de Constantino, fato que encerra definitivamente a Era das perseguicoes. Mas sobre este assunto, cre-se que tudo ja foi dito (ou quase tudo), uma vez que muita tinta se usou para descrever Constantino como um personagem calculista, frio; um oportunista que tomou conhecimento da falha de perseguicao; um idolatra sincretico do culto a Apolo; ou um pagao que raramente era sincero com o cristianismo. Veyne, por outro lado, tenta nos convencer que essa e uma visao equivocada e procura defender a opiniao de que Constantino pegou carona nos acontecimentos da epoca. No livro Histoire du christianisme, dedicado a conversao de Constantino, Charle Pietri contornou cuidadosamente o problema, tomando cuidado para nao favorecer nenhuma abordagem especifica. “O episodio da Ponte Milvio”, escreveu ele, “importa muito pouco em si mesmo: o que importa e a roupagem que o principe queria dar-lhe para mostrar a sua epifania brilhante atraves de um compromisso cristao” (Pietri, 1995, p. 196). Veyne nao hesitou, por seu lado, em retomar este assunto que dificulta o historiador obstinado: ele aborda as origens de sua conversao em dois capitulos que apresentam titulos significativos: “Uma obra-prima: o cristianismo” (capitulo 2) e “Outra obra-prima: a Igreja” (capitulo 3). Ao fazer isso, enumera os elementos que conferiam a superioridade do cristianismo em relacao ao paganismo, assim como influenciaram na escolha de Constantino: uma religiao de amor (p. 37), a profissao de fe (pp. 63, 87 e 125), a defesa de uma concepcao sublime do mundo e do homem (p. 38), a qual, por intermedio da figura de seu fundador, um personagem historico datado, demonstra-

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present dimensoes presentes no discurso da (in)seguranca: as representacoes dos lugares tidos como perigosos and a relacao that se vai elaborando entre centralidades e espacos intersticiais; a construcao de um imaginario povoado de figuras da ameaca; as estrategias securitarias mobilizadas for organizar o quotidiano num espaco publico percebido
Abstract: Tendo como ponto de partida o enigma do paradoxo da inseguranca (a ausencia de correspondencia na variacao entre a taxa de criminalidade e o sentimento de inseguranca) e proposta uma reflexao em torno das falas do medo produzidas no Porto e no Rio de Janeiro, onde se desenvolveu trabalho de campo. Nesse sentido, sao analisadas dimensoes presentes no discurso da (in)seguranca: as representacoes dos lugares tidos como perigosos e a relacao que se vai elaborando entre centralidades e espacos intersticiais; a construcao de um imaginario povoado de figuras da ameaca; as estrategias securitarias mobilizadas para organizar o quotidiano num espaco publico percebido como predatorio. As falas e as praticas registadas expressam pontos de contacto nas estrategias a que recorrem para acentuar a "perigosidade" da cidade, sempre mais intensas no Rio de Janeiro, mas igualmente presentes no material produzido a partir do Porto; paralelos que, mais do que a partir das taxas de criminalidade divulgadas ou da experiencia direta, se engendram na relacao com a cidade - com os seus lugares e os seus atores - permitindo, mesmo num cenario tao desigual, uma aproximacao discursiva.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the processes of transformation that are underway in the contexts of Portuguese and Brazilian labor markets, starting with a reflection on globalization and some of its impacts - resulting from technological changes and the introduction of new information technologies accompanied by an economic policy that favors deregulation and flexibility of labor relations.
Abstract: The article discusses the processes of transformation that are underway in the contexts of Portuguese and Brazilian labor markets. Starting with a reflection on globalization and some of its impacts - resulting from technological changes and the introduction of new information technologies, accompanied by an economic policy that favors deregulation and flexibility of labor relations -, it analyses some trends regarding precarious employment in both countries. The discussion is grounded on the assumption that job precariousness, which currently affects all age and professional groups, is not anymore a mere cyclical and peripheral phenomenon.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that businesses have been strongly defended in academia in order to increase public resources intended to academic research, even though there is not, by businesses, any interest in the university.
Abstract: This article seeks to answer, based on the Social Studies of Science and Technology (SSST), why the relationship between universities and society in Brazil has been reduced to the relationship between universities and businesses. We argue, in this sense, that businesses have been strongly defended in academia in order to increase public resources intended to academic research, even though there is not, by businesses, any interest in the university. We point out the inconsistency of neoboundable approaches in relation to the social reality of the peripheral countries, which is essential to the understanding of what has been happening in Brazil in this area.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a reflexion sur des explications a phenomene, and discute the recent insertion of l'art aborigene d'Australie dans les musees, les salles de ventes aux encheres and les galeries commerciales, ce qui suscite une serie de questions en ce concerne the determination de la paternite et de l'authenticite des oeuvres, de two categories qui, bien que centrales pour le marche and le circuit des expo-s
Abstract: Les peuples aborigenes ne correspondent qu'a 2,5% de la population totale d'Aus­tralie, mais la proportion d'artistes est beaucoup plus grande parmi les abo­rigenes que les blancs. Cet article pro­pose une reflexion sur des explications a ce phenomene, et discute la recente insertion de l'art aborigene d'Australie dans les musees, les salles de ventes aux encheres et les galeries commerciales, ce qui suscite une serie de questions en ce qui concerne la determination de la paternite et de l'authenticite des oeuvres, deux categories qui, bien que centrales pour le marche et le circuit des expo­sitions, sont relativement arbitraires et negociables. Par ailleurs, des dialogues commencent a surgir entre des artistes blancs et les aborigenes, ainsi que l'ap­propriation - pas toujours autorisee - de l'iconographie traditionnelle par cer­taines entreprises et meme par le gouver­nement federal, qui utilise le repertoire visuel aborigene dans la construction de l'identite nationale australienne.