Showing papers in "Revista Brasileira De Fruticultura in 2015"

The role of mineral nutrition on yields and fruit quality in grapevine, pear and apple

Abstract: Fertilization of temperate fruit trees, such as grapevine ( Vitis spp.), apple ( Malus domestica), and pear ( Pyrus communis) is an important tool to achive maximum yield and fruit quality. Fertilizers are provided when soil fertility does not allow trees to express their genetic potential, and time and rate of application should be scheduled to promote fruit quality. Grapevine berries, must and wine quality are affected principally by N, that regulate the synthesis of some important compounds, such as anthocyanins, which are responsible for coloring of the must and the wine. Fermenation of the must may stop in grapes with low concentration of N because N is requested in high amount by yeasts. An N excess may increase the pulp to peel ratio, diluting the concentration of anthocyanins and promoting the migration of anthocyanins from berries to the growing plant organs; a decrease of grape juice soluble solid concentration is also expected because of an increase in vegetative growth. Potassium is also important for wine quality contributing to adequate berry maturation, concentration of sugars, synthesis of phenols and the regulation of pH and acidity. In apple and pear, Ca and K are important for fruit quality and storage. Potassium is the most important component of fruit, however, any excess should be avoided and an adequate K:Ca balance should be achieved. Adequate concentration of Ca in the fruit prevents pre- and post-harvest fruit disorders and, at the same time, increases tolerance to pathogens. Although N promotes adequate growth soil N availability should be monitored to avoid excessive N uptake that may decrease fruit skin color and storability.

Caracterização química e física de frutos de curriola, gabiroba e murici provenientes do cerrado brasileiro

Abstract: The Cerrado biome features a variety of fruit species with peculiar sensory characteristics, but little explored scientifically and commercially. This study aimed the chemical, physical and nutritional characterization of curriola (Pouteria ramiflora), gabiroba (Campomanesia cambessedeana) and murici (Byrsonima verbascifolia), native fruits of the Brazilian Cerrado. Gabiroba had a high amount of Vitamin C (383.33 mg/100g) and showed a significant proportion of pulp (81.52%). Curriola showed considerable crude fiber (8.18%), while murici had a considerable amount of pectin (746.81 mg/100 g), lipids (2.31 %) and expressive antioxidant potential (56 mg DPPH / g fruit). These results can be used as a basis for future researches in order to improve bioactive compounds and manufacturing processes of those fruits.

Caracterização física, química e nutricional da pitaia-rosa de polpa vermelha

Abstract: The pink pitaya of red pulp is a cactacea with potential for economic exploitation, due to its nutritional components and high commercial value, however there is little research about its post-harvest characteristics. The aim of this study was to characterize physical, chemical and nutritionally pink pitaya of red pulp. Fruits harvested fully ripe were sanitized, selected and divided into groups of four fruits per repetition, constituting a total of 30 samples. Then the samples were subjected to the following evaluations: length, diameter, peel thickness, freshmatter, peel and pulp mass, moisture content, peel firmness, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, sugars and crude fiber, chromaticity, hue angle and brightness of the peel and pulp and nutrient content. For the obtained data, it was determined mean, minimum and maximum values, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. The fruit showed high water content, content of fiber and nutrients nitrogen, potassium, calcium, iron, manganese and zinc. As for soluble solids content it was observed average of 13.14 ° Brix and titratable acidity 0.29 mg of Malic acid in 100-1 ml of juice. For sugars were found values of 5.56, 8.79 and 3.07% respectively for the reducing sugars, total and non-reducing ones. As for color, the fruits showed higher values for brightness and chromaticity of the peel and the Hue angle of the pulp. The pink pitaya of red pulp (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has interesting physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics to be consumed in nature.

DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA E SELEÇÃO DE INICIADORES ISSR EM UMA POPULAÇÃO NATURAL DE MANGABA (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) (APOCYNACEAE)

Abstract: The knowledge of genetic diversity of native species has great value when it aims at the improvement and conservation of natural populations. In that direction, theobjective of this study is to select ISSR primers (inter simple sequence repeat) to Hancornia speciosa(Apocynaceae), as to quantify the genetic variability of a natural population. It was sampled 15 individuals of a population located in Natal/RN. Stem samples were collected for subsequent DNA extraction. For the selection, 19 IRSS primers were tested, six of them were effective, presenting clearer and numerous loci (UBC 808, UBC 810, UBC 826, UBC 827, UBC 841, UBC 842) totaling 63 loci. Of which, only 30 (47.62%) presented polymorphism. The value of PIC (polymorphic information content) for the selected primers averaged 0.37, ranging from 0.26 to 0.44. Genetic diversity was considered low in the population, with the number of observed alleles (na = 1.48), number of effective alleles (ne = 1.32), diversity index of Nei (He = 0.18) and Shannon index (I = 0.26). The allelic diversity patterns found indicates the occurrence of a recent population bottleneck. The use of ISSR markers for Hancornia speciosa is effective as measuring the genetic diversity of individuals, working as a support for strategies and plans that aim the conservation and maintenance of the species.

Novos híbridos de mamoeiro avaliados nas condições de cultivo tradicional e no semiárido brasileiro

Abstract: Papaya tree has become a major fruit crops cultivated in Brazil given the large domestic market and the growing export market. The demand for fruit has increased in recent years the croplands that was slowly directed to the semiarid, and with it, the need for new improved varieties and hybrids for crops. In this regard, new papaya hybrids were generated belonging to the two heterotic groups: Solo and Formosa, these measured consecutivelythroughout the crop cycle in both, the traditional crop environment as in the recent environment for crop, the semiarid. It was identified hybrids that exceed the witnesses at nearly twice the aspect in terms of performance both in the group of hybrids belonging to the Solo category (UC14, UC15 and UC16) as in Formosa category (UC 10 and UC12). These, along high yield have favorable characteristics such as high soluble solids and low number of sterile flowers. In addition, the coefficient of repeatability of the evaluated characteristics suggests that among the traits related with yield, the average fruit weight is the most stable throughout the production cycle.

QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS PROCESSADOS ARTESANALMENTE DE AÇAÍ (Euterpe oleracea MART.) E BACABA (Oenocarpus bacaba MART.)

Abstract: The fruits of acaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and of bacabeira (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart), two native tropical palms and socio-economically important for the Amazonian states, are utilized, almost in its entirety, in the production of processed pulp on agricultural family systems. In this sense, the present study aimed to the evaluation of physical, chemical, physic-chemical and functional quality of processed pulps of acai and bacaba. The fruits were harvested in private rural properties in the county of Canta/Roraima (bacaba) and Boa Vista/Roraima (acai). For the preparing of the experiment, the processed pulps were stored in small containers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) transparent and cover (same material), with capacity of 145ml and, refrigerated at 3 ± 0.2 °C and 45% RH for 5 days. It was analyzed the follow parameters: pH, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), ratio (SS/TA), total and reducing sugars, total and soluble pectin, and the content of anthocyanins and total phenolics. At the end, for the acai pulps, taking into account the limits set by Standard Identity and Quality (PIQ), only the TA parameter presented itself outside the normative instruction. However, the lack of standards for the bacaba pulps prevented such a comparison. Regarding the total content of pectin, it is possible concluded that both pulps presented low concentrations of this component, and aren’t suitable for producing jams and jellies without the addition of gelling agents. The total phenolic contents and anthocyanins, in both pulps, although decreasing with the refrigerated storage time, show reasonable concentrations in comparison to other foods with functional appeal.

Caracterização pós-colheita e sensorial de genótipos de bananeiras tipo prata

Abstract: The north of Gerais is a major producer of irrigated ‘Prata Ana’ banana, which is highly susceptible to fusarium wilt. The use of resistant genotypes is an alternative, but the fruits have to present characteristics similar to the ‘Prata Ana’, to achieve better consumer acceptance. This study aimed at characterizing fruits in postharvest, and identifying consumer preference and intention to purchase ‘Prata’ banana genotypes. The banana genotypes: ‘Prata Ana’, ‘BRS Platina’ and ‘Fhia-18’ were characterized at the point of harvest (green) and when ripe (stage six of maturity), through chemical, physical and sensory evaluations. When green, the ‘BRS Platina’ had higher fresh weight and size than ‘Fhia-18’ and ‘Prata Ana’. Fruits of ‘Fhia-18’ had the green color of the skin more intense than ‘Prata Ana’ and ‘BRS Platina’. When ripe, ‘BRS Platina’ was firmer, but with the same dropping resistance of ‘Fhia-18’ and higher than ‘Prata Ana’. ‘Fhia-18’ presented the yellow skin color lighter than ‘Prata Ana but as bright as the latter, and ‘BRS Platina’ had a stronger yellow skin. Bananas ‘Fhia-18’ had a higher titrable acidity, ‘Prata Ana’ had the highest soluble solids. The genotypes ‘Prata Ana’ and ‘BRS Platina’ were preferred and had a higher consumer intention to purchase. Participants in the study preferred ‘Prata Ana’ banana in fingers, and ‘BRS Platina’ and ‘Fhia-18’ in fingers, bouquet, and bunch. However, the majority of consumers stated that they would buy ‘Prata Ana’ banana in bouquet and ‘BRS Platina’ and ‘Fhia-18’ in bunch. When green the genotypes were similar to ‘Prata Ana’, and higher chemical and physical differences occurred when they were ripened.

Controle da maturação pré-colheita de maçãs ‘royal gala’ pela inibição da ação ou síntese do etileno

Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of ethylene action inhibition (by sprayable formulation of 1-methylcyclopropene; 1-MCP) and ethylene synthesis inhibition (by aminoethoxyvinylglycine; AVG) on preharvest apple fruit maturation. ‘Royal Gala’ apple trees were sprayed with 1-MCP (at 50 or 100 mg L-1)) seven days before anticipated harvest (DBAH), or with AVG (124 mg L-1)) 28 DBAH. Apple trees not sprayed with 1-MCP and AVG were used as control. Fruit were harvested weekly,along five weeks from the 7th day after 1-MCP spraying, and then analyzed in terms of maturity and quality one day after harvest. Fruit maturity and quality attributes when fruit reached the flesh firmness of 71.1 N were estimated by analysis of regression, for each treatment. 1-MCP (50 and 100 mg L-1)) and AVG delayed fruit maturation, by reducing the ethylene production rates, starch degradation, loss of flesh firmness and acidity, skin yellowing, increase of soluble solids content and skin red color development. 1-MCP (100 mg L-1)) and AVG delayed in 6 and 12 days, respectively, the time required for fruit to reach the flesh firmness of 71.1 N on the tree, in comparison to the control. Fruit treated with 1-MCP or AVG had starch index, ethylene production and acidity values similar or smaller than the control, at the date when all treatments achieved the flesh firmness of 71.1 N. The magnitude of 1-MCP effect on flesh firmness was similar to the effect on ethylene production and skin color, and slightly slower on starch degradation. The effects of AVG on ethylene production, skin color and acidity were more substantial than on loss of flesh firmness. The results show that the treatment of ‘Royal Gala’ apple trees with the sprayable formulation of 1-MCP represents an additional method for management of fruit maturation and harvest.

Avaliação da qualidade de pão com adição de farinha e purê da banana verde

Abstract: Banana, Musa sp,. e uma das frutas mais consumidas em todo o mundo, e o Brasil e um dos maiores produtores mundiais. A farinha de banana verde apresenta os maiores teores de amido resistente, quando comparada a banana madura. Estas caracteristicas tornam a farinha de banana verde (FBV) e pure de banana verde (PBV) excelentes materias-primas, capazes de aumentar o conteudo de fibra alimentar (FA) nos alimentos adicionados, aumentando o apelo funcional. No presente estudo, paes foram preparados com diferentes percentuais de farinha e pure de banana verde (10%, 20% e 30%), em substituicao a farinha de trigo e avaliada a qualidade do pao em funcao da altura, volume, rendimento, tempo de fermentacao, a percentagem de umidade, cor da crosta/miolo e reologia do produto final. Nao houve diferenca estatisticamente significativaentre o rendimento e o teor de umidade das formulacoes. Paes que foram preparados com FBV e PBV resultaram em produtos mais escuros em relacao ao padrao, e a luminosidade (L*) diminuiu com o aumento do nivel de substituicao. Paes com 10% de FBV e ate 20% de PBV nao diferiram estatisticamente do padrao em relacao a dureza. Estes resultados sugerem a viabilidade da aplicacao dessas materias-primas (FBV e PBV) em paes, o que, em funcao das caracteristicas ja demonstradas em pesquisas, podera elevar o valor nutricional desse tradicional alimento.

Exigência térmica de duas seleções e quatro cultivares de morangueiro cultivado no planalto catarinense

Abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate the thermal accumulation and phyllochron of four cultivars and two selections of strawberry in theSouthern Brazil. The research was carried out in theexperimental field at the Centro de CienciasAgroveterinarias, in the University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC. It was used two advanced knowledge selection ofstrawberry, called ‘SEL1’ and ‘SEL2’, with plants from a public breeding program in Italy and four cultivars:Camino Real and Camarosa, with plants from Chile; San Andreas and Albion from Argentina. The transplantoccurred in 06-26-2012. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three repetitions, where theexperimental unit was composed of eight plants, using the four central plants. The phyllochron was estimated as the inverse of the angular coefficient of the linear regression between the number of stem leaf and the thermal time after transplantation. It was observed linearity between plant development and the average air temperature in the conditions of the study. Among the selections and cultivars studied the San Andreas features the earliest cycle requiring less accumulation temperature (774.70 degree-day) and the cultivar Camarosa the latest cycle with greater accumulation of thermal sum (1137.75 degree-day). The selection SEL1 had the shortest phyllochron, 69.96 oC day1 leaf-1 and the cultivar Albion higher value, 135.61 oC day1 leaf-1. During the study period the cultivar San Andreas showed higher fruit production.

The pear tree response to phosphorus and potassium fertilization.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization and to establish the critical levels of P and K in the soil and in the plant tissue in pear trees. Two experiments were conducted in Sao Joaquim (SC), Brazil. In experiment 1, the plants received annually the application of increasing rates of phosphate fertilizer (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg P2O5 ha-1), while in experiment 2, increasing rates of potassium fertilizer (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg K2O ha-1) were applied annually. In the two experiments, soil was collected annually from the 0-10, 10-20 and 0-20 cm layers, and the available P (experiment 1) and exchangeable K (experiment 2) content was analyzed. Whole leaves were collected annually, which were subjected to analysis of total P (experiment 1) and total K (experiment 2) content. The number and weight of the fruits per plant and fruit yield were evaluated. Application of P on the soil planted with pear trees increased the nutrient content in the soil and, in most crop seasons, in the whole leaf, but it did not affect the yield components and fruit yield. The application of K on the soil with pear trees increased the nutrient content in the soil and, in most of the crop seasons, in the whole leaf, but the potassium content in the whole leaf decreased in the crop season with greater fruit yield. The yield components and fruit yield were not affected by K fertilization.

DIETARY FIBRE CONTENT, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN SOURSOPS (Annona muricata L.)

Abstract: Healthy eating is associated with the consumption of fruits, which are notable for their beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximate composition, composition of fibers and components with antioxidant activity in soursops varieties Crioula, Lisa and Morada of physiological maturity (PM) and mature (M). The protein, lipid and moisture contents did not differ between soursop varieties, but the ash contents were higher in the Morada-PM (0.56%±0.03) and the Morada-M (0.82%±0.10) varieties. The Crioula-M variety showed higher levels of total dietary fibre (5.76%±0.12). The Lisa-M variety showed higher levels of insoluble dietary fibre (4.46%±0.00). The Lisa-M variety also showed a higher level of phenolic compounds (284.25 mg gallic acid/100 g of soursop pulp), differing significantly (p <0.05) from the Crioula-PM soursop (154.40 mg of gallic acid/100 g of soursop pulp). Under the DPPH• system, the soursops that showed highest antioxidant activity were the Crioula-M (EC50 of 156.40 g.g DPPH-1) and the Crioula-PM (EC50 of 162.41 g.g DPPH-1), which differed significantly from the Morada soursops. The results suggest that the consumption of soursops is useful for increasing concentrations of bioactive compounds and dietary fibre.

Caracterização bromatológica de frutos e geleias de amora-preta

Abstract: The blackberry fruit is highly perishable and therefore its use is preferentially industrial. However, there is few information in the literature about the effect of products processing made of blackberry. In this study, it was evaluated blackberry fruits and jellies from three different stages of harvest. The aim was the bromatological, quantification of total and soluble pectin and macro and micronutrients from fruits and jellies. The results showed that the blackberry presents a high potential for industrialization since most of the compounds evaluated there were no big changes resulted from the processing.

Distribuição potencial de oliveiras no brasil e no mundo

Abstract: Demand for olive oil has been increasing worldwide, especially in Brazil, increasing the need for expansion of planting area. However, in regions that are traditional producers, there isn’t more space, we need to seek new areas for planting in the world. In this study, we identified marginal areas for farming in Brazil, using ecological niche modeling, based on occurrence points raised in the producing regions of Europe, United States, Australia and Latin America (Chile, Argentina and Uruguay). It was used 346 georreferenced occurrence points and climatic data layers (mean minimum air temperature, mean maximum air temperature - in oC - and total rainfall - in mm) seasonal (spring, summer, autumn and winter) of the world, downloaded from the site of Worldclim. The data were organized and formatted in geographic information systems (GIS), using ArcGIS 10. Finally, we made maps with probability of olive trees in the world. It was also made a map just of South America, with the most suitable areas for planting olive trees.

Fruit characterization and propagation of hybrid citrus rootstocks in protected environment

Abstract: A diversificacao de uso de porta-enxertos de citros e importante no Brasil devido a presenca de diversos estresses abioticos e bioticos, alem da busca por atributos horticulturais desejaveis como nanismo, alta eficiencia de producao e inducao de boa qualidade aos frutos. Para a selecao de um genotipo com potencial de uso como porta-enxerto, porem, o desempenho na fase de propagacao tambem e relevante. Assim, caracterizaram-se os frutos e avaliou-se a propagacao em ambiente protegido de porta-enxertos hibridos de citros obtidos ou selecionados pelo Programa de Melhoramento Genetico de Citros da Embrapa: citrandarins ‘Indio’, ‘Riverside’ e ‘San Diego’, hibridos HTR-051, TSKC x (LCR x TR)-040 e 059, LVK x LCR-010 e 038, TSKC x CTTR-002, TSKC x CTSW-041 e LCR x TR-001, alem das variedades comerciais citrumelo ‘Swingle 4475’, trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’, limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ e tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’. Foram avaliados variaveis biometricas, fisiologicas e coeficientes tecnicos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes e 50 plantas na parcela ou 20 frutos por genotipo, conforme a avaliacao. Citrumelo ‘Swingle’ e LVK x LCR-010 apresentaram alta producao de sementes por fruto, enquanto HTR-051 e LCR x TR-001 produziram as menores quantidades. A poliembrionia foi superior para TSKC x CTTR-002, TSKC x (LCR x TR)–040, LCR x TR-001, citrandarins ‘Indio’, ‘Riverside’ e ‘San Diego’ e tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, tendo trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ e LVK x LCR-010 apenas 45% de poliembrionia media. A emergencia de citrandarin ‘Riverside’ foi mais rapida e uniforme em relacao aos demais genotipos. O crescimento vegetativo da parte aerea e do sistema radicular foi superior para citrandarin ‘Riverside’, TSKC x (LCR x TR)-059, tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, citrumelo ‘Swingle’ e limoeiro ‘Cravo’ e seus hibridos. Todos os hibridos de citros avaliados apresentam potencial de uso como porta-enxertos.

ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA E POTÁSSICA EM GOIABEIRAS ‘PALUMA’: I. EFEITO NA PRODUTIVIDADE E NA QUALIDADE Dos FRUTOS PARA INDUSTRIALIZAÇÃO

Abstract: The nutrition of the orchards is the major factor of productivity, being necessary to know the proper doses of fertilizers and their influence on fruit quality attributes for industrialization. This study evaluated the effects of different doses of nitrogen and potassium on the productivity of guava trees and also on the values of pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and pulp/kernel ratio of guavas. The experiment was conducted at Vista Alegre do Alto, SPin an irrigated ‘Paluma’ guava orchard, 7 years old, managed with pruning during three consecutivecycles of production. The soil of the area was dystrophic Ultisol. The experimental design was the randomizedblocks, in factorial, with four nitrogen doses (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg of N plant-1) and four of potassium (0, 0.55, 1.1 and 2.2 kg of K2O plant-1), with three replications. Nitrogen fertilization increased productivity and the pH of the fruit, being explained by the quadratic polynomial regression models; reduced linearly the pulp/kernel ratio and do not influenced the SS and TA values. On the other hand, potassium fertilizationand N x K interaction had no significant effects on productivity and the other characteristics evaluated.

Comparação entre as regiões vitícolas de são joaquim – sc, brasil e san michele all’adige – tn, itália

Abstract: A fenologia da videira, a produtividade das plantas e a qualidade da uva apresentam forte relacao com os fatores ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as regioes viticolas de altitude elevada de Santa Catarina com a regiao de San Michele All’Adige localizada na Italia. Para os estudos, utilizou-se dos dados da Estacao Experimental de Sao Joaquim - EPAGRI (28°16’30,08”S, 49°56’09,34”O, altitude 1.400 m), localizada em Sao Joaquim e do Istituto Agrario di San Michele All’Adige – Fondazione Edmund Mach46°11’41,46”N, 11°08’04,41”L, altitude 223 m), localizado na Provincia de Trento. A variedade avaliada foi a Rebo, para a qual foram determinados osprincipais estadios fenologicos e calculada a exigencia termica atraves dos graus-dia, temperaturas media, maxima, minima, amplitude, precipitacao, umidade relativa do ar, insolacao e radiacao solar global. No momento da colheita, foi avaliado o desempenho agronomico da variedade Rebo. Em Sao Joaquim, o ciclo da variedade Rebo e mais longo, o acumulo termico e menor, a precipitacao pluviometrica e a radiacao solar global acumulada sao maiores do que em San Michele All’Adige. As temperaturas mais baixas e a menor insolacao durante a floracao-mudanca de cor das bagas sao os principais fatores climaticos relacionados com as menores produtividades das plantas. Em Sao Joaquim, as baixas temperaturas e as elevadas taxas de radiacao solar global na maturacao contribuem de maneira positiva na formacao dos compostos fenolicos, mas dificultam a degradacao dos acidos da variedade Rebo.

Ponto de colheita e qualidade de goiabas ‘kumagai’ e ‘paluma’

Abstract: This research aimed to study the influence of maturation on the quality of ‘Kumagai’ and ‘Paluma’ guavas. Healthy fruits of both cultivars harvested at five maturity stages defined on the basis of skin color, were selected for the absence of mechanical damage and rot and stored under environmental conditions (25±1oC and 85±5% RH). They were evaluated at the time of harvest and after reaching full maturity as the shelf-life, skin color, pulp firmness, ascorbic acid, soluble solids (SS) and titratable acidity (TA), as well as the SS/TA ratio and the flavor. The results indicated that cv. Kumagai guavas have longer conservation (6.8 days on average) than ‘Paluma’ (3.2 days on average) and that this period is influenced by ripening stage. Regardless of cultivar, guavas harvested in early stages of maturation kept more acid (0.71%) than that those harvested later (0.57%), with the aggravating circumstance that in cv. Kumagai, the harvest in stage 1, resulted in retention of the green color of the skin. The harvest of guava in early stages despite prolonging the shelf-life implies inferior fruit quality. On the other hand, the harvest in more advanced stages of maturation makes necessary the implementation of appropriate conservation techniques to the intrinsic characteristics of each variety, in order to ensure the quality of the fruit offered to the consumer.

Produção e qualidade de frutos híbridos de maracujazeiro-amarelo no norte do paraná

Abstract: Nowadays there are fourteen cultivars of yellow passion fruit on the National Register of Cultivars of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture. The improvement of plant breeding in this crop is of great importance to provide new cultivars adapted to the producing regions. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the production and fruit quality of thirteen hybrids of yellow passion fruit plants grown in the northern Parana. The evaluations were performed during two cycles of crop production from April to July 2009 and from January to July 2010 with weekly harvests of ripe fruits. The production was determined by weighing the total output and counting the number of fruits per plant. The evaluated quality characteristics of the fruits were: weight, length, diameter, diameter/length ratio, thickness, pulp yield, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA ) and TSS/TTA ratio. Hybrids ‘66’ and ‘65’ respectively showed the highest yield and greatest number of fruits in the accumulated of the two crops. The fruits of the hybrid ‘72’ stood out on desirable quality characteristics for fresh consumption, while the hybrid ‘69’ showed important features for the juice industry.

Agronomic performance of the geneva® serie apple rootstocks in the southern of brazil

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of some Geneva® apple rootstocks on plant vigor control, annual yield and cumulative yield, cumulative yield efficiency and fruit weight of ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ scions compared to the traditional apple rootstocks ‘M.9’ e ‘MM.111’, used in Brazil. All the Geneva® apple rootstocks were more efficient than MM.111 on vigor control and cumulative yield efficiency of ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ in the Middle West of the state of Santa Catarina. All of them induced higher cumulative yield than the ‘M.9’, mainly for the ‘G.213’ and the ‘G.210’ for both varieties, and the ‘G.202’ for ‘Fuji’. All the Geneva® rootstocks had more cumulative yield efficiency than ‘MM.111’. The ‘G.213’ and ‘CG.22’ were more efficient than ‘M.9’ for ‘Gala’. For ‘Fuji’, all Geneva® rootstocks were more efficient than ‘M.9’, except for ‘CG.22’. Considering all characteristics evaluated, G.213 (dwarfing) and G.210 (semidwarfing) were the most promising rootstocks for both scion varieties. The rootstock G.202 was very promising to ‘Fuji’ as well.

COMPOSIÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS EM FRUTOS DE Bromelia antiacantha BERTOL.

Abstract: Frutas e hortalicas, de forma geral, sao fontes de vitaminas, sais minerais e fibras. Recentemente, tem sido verificada a presenca de compostos bioativos, incluindo carotenoides, antocianinas e compostos fenolicos, para os quais pesquisas relatam acao antioxidante e potencial terapeutico. A Bromelia antiacantha Bertol., popularmente conhecida por banana-do-mato, caraguata, gravata, carauata e croata, ocorre naturalmente no Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil. Informacoes cientificas quanto a composicao nutricional e a atividade biologica para essa especie ainda sao restritas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a composicao fisico-quimica, incluindo o teor de compostos bioativos da Bromelia antiacantha Bertol. Elevado teor de lipidios (5,07 ± 0,4 %), acido ascorbico (60,01 ± 5,04 mg.100g-1) e carotenoides (162,67 ± 36,70 mg.100g-1) foram encontrados para a especie Bromelia antiacantha Bertol., assim como baixo teor de carboidratos (8,75%).

Avaliação agronômica de linhagens e híbridos de mamoeiro

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic potential of papaya hybrids synthesized by Embrapa Cassava & Fruits, to identify and select genotypes with good agronomic characteristics, exploitable in the breeding program and direct use in the papaya production system. This study was carried out in the Experimental Field Sector of Embrapa Cassava & Fruits, Cruz das Almas - BA. It was evaluated 22 genotypes (eight lines, twelve hybrids and two witnesses: Sunrise Solo and Tainung no 1) in a randomized block design with four replications of six plants perplot, totalizing 528 plants. For most characters significant differences were observed at 1% and 5% probability, except for stem diameter (SD). The line L60 and H10.60 stood out with the lowest averages for plant height (PH) and insertion height of the first fruits (IHFF), and were not statistically different. Lines L10 and L72, and the hybrids H10.26, H10.60 and H10.72 showed higher averages of numbers of commercial fruits (NCF) than the witness Sunrise Solo. For yield, it was observed wide variability among treatments, with 75% of lines and hybrids overcame the witnesses. Over 50% of the genotypes showed soluble solids (SS) averages above 12 ° Brix. Aiming to associate favorable characteristics for development of new varieties, lines and hybrids that showed satisfactory behavior to the main characters were: L60 and H10.60 to IHFF and PH; L10, L72, H10.26, H10.60 and H10.72, for NCF; L10, H10.72, H26.72, H33.56 and H36.45, for productivity (PROD), and L26, L36, H10.26, H10.60 and H60.72, for SS.

Parasitoides (hymenoptera) de moscas-das-frutas (diptera: tephritidae) no semiárido do estado do ceará, brasil

Abstract: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), are important pests of Brazilian fruit-growing. In order to develop a system of pests integrated management in any region, it is essential to know the parasitoids (hymenoptera) which can regulate the populations of these tefritids. Therefore the objectives of this study were to know the diversity, geographic distribution and tritrophic relations of the hymenoptera parasitoids of fruit flies, in Baixo Jaguaribe region, located in Ceara semiarid, Brazil. Thus, fruits were collected in seven counties of the region, from May 2010 to May 2013. The fruits were taken to the laboratory, where they were counted, weighted, put in plastic trays with vermiculite and closed with voile. After seven or ten days, the vermiculite was sieved to obtain the puparium of the fruit flies. The puparium were counted and put in Petri dish, where they stayed until the emergence of the adults (flies and/or parasitoids). Four species of parasitoids were obtained: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (Braconidae) and (Eulophidae), Tetrastichus giffardianusSilvestri and the most frequently and with better geographical distribution in the region was D. areolatus. was Doryctobracon areolatus more common in association with species of Anastrepha - A. sororcula Zucchi, A. obliqua (Mcquart) and A. zenildaeZucchi, in native fruits and with C. capitata in exotic fruits. Tetrastichus giffardianus was obtained only in association with C. capitata in native and exotic fruits. This information can be used for inclusion of parasitoids in future integrated management programs of the fruit flies under the conditions of the Brazilian semiarid region.

Dry matter and nutrient accumulation in grafted pear seedlings in hydroponic system

Abstract: RESUMOO trabalho objetivou determinar a producao de massa da materia seca das partes da planta e o acumulo total de macro e micronutrientes pelas mudas enxertadas de cultivares de pereira em condicoes hidroponicas. Utilizou-se do delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x 3, com quatro repeticoes. Os fatores emestudo foram: tres cultivares (Triunfo, Tenra e Cascatense) e tres tipos de enxertia (borbulhia em placa - BP; borbulhia em ‘T’ invertido – BT, e garfagem de fenda cheia –GF). Avaliaram-se a massa seca da parte area, do sistema radicular e total, e o acumulo total de nutrientes. O metodo de enxertia de garfagem de fenda cheia e as cultivares Tenra e Triunfo sao indicados para a producao de mudas de pereira em sistema hidroponico. No acumulo de nutrientes nas mudas de pereira, independentemente da cultivar, estabeleceu-se a seguinte ordem para macronutrientes: N>Mg>K>Ca>P>S; e para os micronutrientes: Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu.

O armazenamento refrigerado prolonga a viabilidade de sementes de goiabeira-serrana

Abstract: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade e o vigor das sementes de dois genotipos de Acca sellowiana sob diferentes condicoes e tempos de armazenamento. As sementes foram obtidas a partir de duas plantas (G1 e G2) localizadas em quintais da area urbana de Vacaria-RS. O experimento foi realizado em esquema trifatorial (2 x 3 x 2), sendo duas condicoes de armazenamento (temperatura ambiente: 20-25oC; e refrigerado: 4-8oC), tres periodos de armazenamento (zero, um e dois anos), e dois genotipos (G1 e G2), conduzidos em blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes de 50 sementes. As sementes foram postas para germinar sobre papel absorvente umedecido em caixas tipo “gerbox”, mantidas em câmara de crescimento com temperatura de 25 ± 2 °C e fotoperiodo de 16 h. Avaliaram-se o indice de velocidade de germinacao, a porcentagem de germinacao e o tempo medio de germinacao, por meio da contagem de sementes germinadas a cada dois dias, por 44 dias apos o inicio da germinacao. Os genotipos apresentaram desempenhos significativamente diferentes na taxa germinativa e no vigor das sementes. Quando armazenadas em temperatura ambiente, as sementes perderam o poder germinativo drasticamente no primeiro ano e completamente no segundo ano. Conclui-se que e possivel manter 80% de poder germinativo das sementes de Acca sellowiana por dois anos em armazenamento refrigerado (4 a 8 oC).

Adubação nitrogenada e potássica em goiabeiras ‘paluma’:ii. efeito no estado nutricional das plantas

Abstract: The proper mineral fertilization of guava orchards under intensive management, is a major factor in productivity and monitoring the nutritional status of the plants contributes to the efficiency of this agronomic practice. The aim of this study was to investigate different doses of nitrogen and potassium in the nutritional status of guava ‘Paluma’. The experiment was conducted at Vista Alegre do Alto, Sao Paulo, in a 7 year old irrigated orchard, managedwith fruiting pruning during four consecutive growing seasons. The soil is a dystrophic Ultisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in factorial, with four nitrogen doses (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg of N plant-1) and four of potassium (0, 0.55, 1.1 and 2.2 kg of K2O plant-1), with three replications. Nitrogen fertilization promoted increased levels of leaf N and Mn and the decrease in the levels of P and B; effects observed from the second to the fourth production cycle. Nitrogen fertilization increased the Ca and Mg levels, respectively, in the second and third cycle. Except for the first production cycle, K and Mn foliar concentrations increased with increasing potassium fertilization, whereas the levels of Mg, in the second and the fourth cycle, decreased as a function of fertilization.

Normas dris e níveis críticos de nutrientes para videira ‘niagara rosada’ cultivada na região de jundiaí-sp

Abstract: Preliminary Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms and critical leaf nutrient levels (CLN) for ‘Niagara Rosada’ grape grafted on the rootstock ‘IAC 766’ growing in the region of Jundiai, State of Sao Paulo (Brazil) are presented. DRIS norms and CLN were established from a data bank of leaf nutrient concentration(N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and fruit yield with 116 records. The data bank gets information from fertilizationexperiments and from a field survey comprising four crop cycles. The data were divided into high-yielding (>26 t/ha) and low-yielding (<26 t/ha) subpopulations and norms were computed using standard DRIS procedures. Even with the diversity of cropping conditions, the relationship between the nutrient balance index from DRIS and fruit yield was highly significant (R2 = 0.48, p<0.0001), indicating that part of the variation in productivity of vineyards can be credited to nutritional status of the plants. The CLNs were derived using multiple linear regressions relating to the foliar nutrient concentration with DRIS indices of all nutrients. The CLNs for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were 38.0, 3.0, 11.4, 13.7, and 3.5 g/ kg, respectively.

Divergência genética de acessos de maracujá utilizando descritores quantitativos e qualitativos

Abstract: This study aims to characterize a collection of germplasm of Passiflora, based on quantitative and qualitative descriptors and use the Gower’s algorithm to quantification of genetic divergence. We used 22 accessions, coming from the germplasm Collection of Embrapa Cassava and Fruits. We used 36 morphoagronomic descriptors, 13 qualitative and 23 quantitative. Data were analyzed by Grower’s algorithm for the joint analysis. The accessions were evaluated under field conditions for tolerance to foliar diseases (anthracnose, viral, bacterial and scab) and roots (Fusarium). There was phenotypic variability among genotypes for morphological characteristics studied, mainly in fruits, which marked differences were observed in soluble solids and vitamin C contents of fruits. We used UPGMA to perform the clustering, since it was the method with the higher cophenetic correlation coefficient (r = 0.94**). Accessions felt into three classes. It was possible to identify within a group there are some similarity among accessions. However, among groups, one can infer the presence of variability for the descriptors used, including those of agronomic interest. It has been found that there is variability within wild species (P. suberosa and P. gibertii) and its potential used in breeding programs as a source of vitamin C and as rootstocks (P. gibertii).

Teores de nutrientes foliares de pessegueiro em cinco porta-enxertos

Abstract: Teores de nutrientes foliares indicam o estado nutricional da planta, auxiliam na recomendacao de adubacao e, em plantas frutiferas enxertadas, podem indicar combinacoes de copa/porta-enxerto incompativeis. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os teores de nutrientes foliares na cv. Maciel de pessegueiro, enxertada em cinco porta-enxertos (‘Aldrighi’, ‘Capdeboscq’, ‘Flordaguard’, ‘Nemaguard’ e ‘Okinawa’). Dois pomares experimentais, localizados no municipio de Pelotas-RS, foram avaliados no 2° e no 3° anos apos o plantio, respectivamente, nos anos de 2012 e 2013. Conclui-se que os porta-enxertos ‘Aldrighi’, ‘Capdeboscq’, ‘Flordaguard’, ‘Nemaguard’ e ‘Okinawa’ nao influenciaram nos teores foliares de P e de Mn da cv. Maciel, em ambos os pomares e anos de avaliacao; o porta-enxerto ‘Nemaguard’ reduz os teores foliares de Mg da cv. Maciel, sem alterar a classe de interpretacao agronomica; embora os teores foliares de N, Fe, Zn e B tenham sido abaixo do normal ou insuficientes, em praticamente todas as amostras de ambos os pomares e anos de avaliacao, os porta-enxertos testados nao influenciaram nestas interpretacoes.

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE MARACUJAZEIRO-AZEDO ENXERTADAS EM ESPÉCIES SILVESTRES DE Passiflora

Abstract: O maracujazeiro-azedo e acometido por diversas doencas, sendo que as do sistema radicular tendem a inviabilizar o cultivo em diversas regioes; entretanto, ha especies de Passifloras que se demonstram resistentes, sendo que tornam necessarios estudos sobre a influencia pela enxertia destas especies no maracujazeiro-azedo. Portanto, objetivou-se estudar a viabilidade da enxertia e o desenvolvimento inicial de maracujazeiro-azedo (Passiflora edulis) enxertado sobre P. alata, P. cincinnata, P. edulis, P. gibertii, P. morifolia e P. mucronata, comparadas com P. edulis nao enxertado, proveniente de sementes. Aos 60 dias apos a semeadura, foi realizada a enxertia por garfagem e, por um periodo de 105 dias, avaliaram-se a sobrevivencia dos enxertos, altura da planta, comprimento dos internodios, numero de folhas, diâmetro do porta-enxerto e do enxerto, area foliar e a massa da materia seca da parte aerea e das raizes. A sobrevivencia da enxertia foi superior a 90%, exceto na combinacao P. edulis/P. morifolia que nao apresentou brotacoes do enxerto e, posteriormente, morreram. A combinacao P. edulis/P. gibertii tiveram menor altura do que P. edulis/P. mucronata, porem com semelhantenumero de folhas, demonstrando que o P. gibertii teve efeito ananizante, devido a reducao do comprimento dos internodios. O maior diâmetro do enxerto foi apresentado por P. edulis/P. edulis, indicando maior compatibilidade de enxertia dentro da mesma especie. Dentre as especies silvestres utilizadas como porta-enxerto, P. mucronata proporcionou maior desenvolvimento da parte aerea.