Showing papers in "Revista Brasileira De Zoologia in 2001"
TL;DR: Sorensen's index revealed that the restingas of Barra de Marica and Itaipuacu ate more similar in Cecidomyiinae fauna, confirming a positive relation between geographical proximity and fauna similarity.
Abstract: One hundred and eight species of Cecidomyiinae (Cecidomyiidae) were found in association with 53 species of plant distributed among 42 genera and 32 families at restingas of Barra de Marica, Itaipuacu and Carapebus. Ninety four gall midge species were cecidogenous, four predaceous, five inquilinous of galls and five were free living. Galling species were associated with 47 plant species belonging to 36 genera and 28 families. The majority of the galls occurred on the leaves (N = 63); 13 on buds; nine on inflorescence, closed flower or flower peduncle; three on fruits and one on tendril. Myrtaceae were the richest plant family in number of galls followed by Burseraceae, Nyctaginaceae, Sapotaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Malpighiaceae and Solanaceae. New records of host plants and localities were recorded. Seventy nine Cecidomyiinae species were found at Restinga of Barra de Marica, 64 at Carapebus and 41 at Itaipuacu. Sorensen's index revealed that the restingas of Barra de Marica and Itaipuacu ate more similar in Cecidomyiinae fauna, confirming a positive relation between geographical proximity and fauna similarity.
117 citations
TL;DR: The similarity of call site seems to be not only related to the taxonomic relationships but also with the body size and spatial heterageneity in anuran species from a temporary pond in Northwestern Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
Abstract: The breadth and overlap of male call site were determined for 15 anuran species from a temporary pond in Northwestern Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Four measurements were made at the point of capture of each calling male and the frequency of mating call was determined. There was a high overlap along each variable of call site, but less than 28% of possible species pairs presented high overlap for all variables. Taxonomically related species pairs calling from grass presented spatial and acoustic segregation, while those calling from the graund presented only acoustic segregation. The similarity of call site seems to be not only related to the taxonomic relationships but also with the body size and spatial heterageneity.
99 citations
TL;DR: Metazoan fauna from cultivated fishes in two feefishing farm of Franca, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was studied during a period of April 1997 through March 1999 and the most susceptible species to myxosporean infestation was P. mesopotamicus that showed a higher susceptibility to Argulus sp infestation.
Abstract: Metazoan fauna from cultivated fishes (N = 433) in two feefishing farm of Franca, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was studied during a period of April 1997 through March 1999. Specimens of piaucu Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski, 1988 (Anostomidae), pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Characidae), carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (Cyprinidae), Tillapia rendalli Boulenger, 1896 (Cichlidae), nile-tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cichlidae), matrinxa Brycon cephalus Gunther, 1869 (Characidae) and tambacu hybrid (male of P. mesopotamicus x female of Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) were collected. A total of 29.3% was parasitized by monogenean, 9.7% with crustacean (copepodits and adults of Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 and Argulus sp.) and 1.6% with myxosporean (Henneguya piaractus Martins & Souza, 1997 and Myxobolus colossomatis Moinar & Bekesi, 1993).The most susceptible species to myxosporean infestation was P. mesopotamicus. L. macrocephalus and P. mesopotamicus that showed a higher susceptibility to Argulus sp infestation. It was not observed significant difference (P > 0.05) in the seasonal variation of L. cyprinacea infection of all species. L. macrocephalus, P. mesopotamicus and tambacu showed a great number of P. pillulare with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between them. Monogenean infections were observed in all examined species, without significant difference (P > 0.05) in the seasonal variation. Nevertheless, occurrence of monogenean was higher in P. mesopotamicus and lower in Nile-tilapia. By the other hand, parasites number collected from P. mesopotamicus was lower in the winter. Copepodits of L. cyprinacea were found in the gills of P. mesopotamicus, tambacu and L. macrocephalus. However, adults of L. cyprinacea were observed only in the P. mesopotamicus and tambacu.
95 citations
TL;DR: Bees were sampled at 15 days intervals, over the course of one year, through the use of traps baited with seven types of fragrances, and most species of bees visited all the baits over the year, but the number of attracted males was highest in April.
Abstract: The use of fragrances to attract males of Euglossinae bees has been an important tool to increase the knowledge of the group. In the Northeastern of Brazil, studies on euglossine bees are still uncommon, mainly in urban areas. The goals of this study are to identify the Euglossinae species composition, to know the diversity and the community structure of Euglossinae species, verify their preferences for different fragrances and evaluate the phenology of these species, in two Atlantic Forest fragments of the city of Joao Pessoa, Paraiba state, Brazil. Bees were sampled at 15 days intervals, over the course of one year, from 8:00 to 17:00 hours, through the use of traps baited with seven types of fragrances. In both areas, 1082 individuals belonging to nine species were sampled. None significant difference of diversity and relative abundance of bees between fragments were observed. Eucalyptol was the most attractive fragrance. Bees were more abundant between 8:00 and 9:00 AM. Visits to the fragrances were more frequent from the middle of dry season to the beginning of the rainy season and positively correlated with the monthly mean temperature. Most species of bees visited all the baits over the year, but the number of attracted males was highest in April.
85 citations
TL;DR: A low similarity in galling insect species was observed among the three sampled physiognomies - the highest similarity index was observed between "cerrado" and "campo sujo" (SΦrensen index = 0.20), indicating that the presence of rare species of galling insects might be common in these environments.
Abstract: Studies on the communities of galling insects and their host plants were performed in three "cerrado" physiognomies that occur in Minas Gerais: "campo sujo", "cerrado" sensu strictu, and "cerradao". Galls and host plants were collected along transects in a total of 3,000 herbs, 300 shrubs and 135 trees in each physiognomy. Ninety two species of galling insects (morphotypes) on 62 host plant species of 28 families were found. The highest galling insect richness was observed in the "cerrado". Approximately 75.0% of galling insects belonged to the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). The highest gall frequency was found on leaves (58.70%) of the host plants, and was glabrous (83.70%). Most gall shape were elliptic (30.43%). A low similarity in galling insect species was observed among the three sampled physiognomies - the highest similarity index was observed between "cerrado" and "campo sujo" (SΦrensen index = 0.20), indicating that the presence of rare species of galling insects might be common in these environments.
70 citations
TL;DR: A survey of batflies (Diptera, Streblidae) was done in Parana State, Brazil during 1998 and 1999, and one species is new a record for Brazil: Trichobius jubatus Wenzel, 1976.
Abstract: A survey of batflies (Diptera, Streblidae) was done in Parana State, Brazil during 1998 and 1999. Twenty-tree species in 10 genera were recorded. Two species of streblid batflies, Paraeuctenodes longipes Pessoa & Guimaraes, 1936 and Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillett, 1907, that have not been found in Parana State were included, because they have been recorded in Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paulo States. One species is new a record for Brazil: Trichobius jubatus Wenzel, 1976. In addition, twenty more species are new records for Parana State: Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966; T. tiptoni Wenzel, 1976; T. furmani Wenzel, 1966; T. longipes (Rudow, 1871); Paratrichobius longicrus (Ribeiro, 1907); Megistopada aranea (Coquillett, 1899); M. proxima (Seguy, 1926); Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976; A. phyllostomatis (Perty, 1833); Exastinion clovisi (Pessoa & Guimaraes, 1936); Noctiliostrebla aitkeni Wenzel, 1966; Paradyschiria fusca Speiser; 1900; P. parvula Falcoz, 1931; Strebla chrotopteri Wenzel, 1976; S. diaemi Wenzel, 1966; S. guajiro (Garcia & Casal, 1965); S. mirabilis (Waterhouse, 1879), Paraeuctenodes similis Wenzel, 1976; Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, 1976; A. modestini Wenzel, 1966. The occurence of Paralrichabius longicrus on Pygoderma bilabiatum (Wagner, 1843), and Trichobius dugesioides dugesioides and Strebla mirabilis on Mimon bennettii (Gray, 1838) is reported for first time. Pictorial keys to species are presented and the gonopods of streblid batflies are illustrated.
54 citations
TL;DR: The diet of Cichla monoculus in Lajes's Reservoir, a major impoundment in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, was assessed, from fishes collected in 1994, 1996 and 1999/2000, showing a strong piscivorous habits feeding on Cichlidae, Characidae and Pimelodidae, in decreasing order of importance.
Abstract: The diet of Cichla monoculus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in Lajes's Reservoir, a major impoundment in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, was assessed, from fishes collected in 1994,1996 and 1999/2000. Gut contents in individuals was analyzed by the index of relative importance (IRI) which deals with numerical, gravimetrical and frequency of occurrence. Cichla monoculus showed a strong piscivorous habits feeding on Cichlidae, Characidae and Pimelodidae, in decreasing order of importance, with a remarkable cannibalism on young-of-the-year. Others minor items in the diet were Macrobrachium sp. and Odonata. Changes in feeding composition varied with reservoir's zones and seasons, with higher diversity in Autumn and peaks of cannibalism in lower zone during Spring/Summer. Overall, only one third of fish species composition in the reservoir are predated by C. monoculus. Condition factor (k) and fullness index varied closely with higher values in lower zone, and lower records in Winter.
51 citations
TL;DR: The parasite communities of C. hippos and C. latus were defined as closest to isolationist type because there are few evidences of interspecific associations or covariation in the parasite infracommunities and no parasite species showed influence of the host's sex on their prevalence and abundance in C. Latus.
Abstract: Sixty specimens of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus, 1766) and fifty-five specimens of Caranx latus Agassiz, 1831 collected from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro (21-23oS, 41-45oW), Brazil, from October 1998 to October 1999, were necropsied to study their metazoan parasites. All specimens of C. hippos were parasitized, and the majority of specimens of C latus (96.4%) were parasitized by one or more metazoan species. Nineteen species of parasites were collected in C. hippos: 5 digeneans, 5 monogeneans, 2 cestodes, 5 nematodes, and 2 copepods. Seventeen species of parasites were collected in C. latus: 6 digeneans, 2 monogeneans, 3 cestodes, 4 nematodes, and 2 copepods. The endoparasites (digeneans, cestodes, and nematodes) were the majoriry, 76.4% and 63.3%, of the total number of parasite specimens collected in C. hippos and C. latus, respectively. The monogeneans Allopyragraphorus hippos (Hargis, 1956) and Cemocotyle carangis (MacCallum, 1913) were the most dominant species with the highest parasitic prevalence in the parasite community of C. hippos and C. latus, respectively. The metazoan parasites of the two host species showed the typical overdispersed pattern of distribution. Bucephalus varicus Manter, 1940. A. hippos, Protomicrocotyle mirabilis (MacCallum, 1918), Cucullanus pulcherrimus Barreto, 1918, and Lemanthropus giganteus KrΦyer, 1863 had a positive correlation only between the host's total length and abundance andlor prevalence in C. hippos. Bucephalus varicus, Tergestia pectinata (Linton, 1905), C. carangis, and Pseudoterranovo sp. had a positive correlation between the host's total length and abundance and/or prevalence in C. latus. In C. hippos, the copepod Caligus robustus Bassett-Smith, 1898 had the highest values of prevalence and abundance in the female hosts. No parasite species showed influence of the host's sex on their prevalence and abundance in C. latus. The mean diversity and the parasite species richness of the parasite infracommunities of C. hippos and C. latus were not significantly different. Only the parasite species diversity of C. hippos was correlated with the host's total length; in both host species the parasite diversity did not showed differences in relation to the sex of the host. Only one pair of ectoparasite species, A. hippos - P. mirabilis, showed significant positive co-occurrence and covariation in the parasite infracommunities of C. hippos. Two endoparasite species, B. varicus - Parahemiurus merus (Linton, 1910), showed negative co-occurrence and positive covariation; and the pair B. varicus - Pseudoterranova sp. had positive co-occurrence and covariation in the infracommunities of C. latus. The values of qualitative and quantitative simila rity coefficients between the parasite communities of C. hippos and C. latus were 55.5 and 30.4, respectively. The parasite communities of C. hippos and C. latus were defined as closest to isolationist type because there are few evidences of interspecific associations or covariations. Additional parasitological studies on other species of carangid fishes from the South American Atlantic Ocean are needed to evaluate the structure of carangid parasite communities in the Neotropical region.
49 citations
TL;DR: From July 1996 to June 1997, in Armacao do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, monthly census were done in three areas of traditional fishery and Itacolomis islands, where a total of 10021 seabirds were registered, belonging to eight species, five genus and four families.
Abstract: From July 1996 to June 1997, in Armacao do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, monthly census were done in three areas of traditional fishery and Itacolomis islands A total of 10021 seabirds were registered, belonging to eight species, five genus and four families The average number of seabirds per dragging varied between 80,2 and 113,6 Sterna spp, appeared at first in 43,3% of the released by-catch, followed by Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823, Fregata magnificens Matheus, 1914, Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Humboldt, 1805) and Sula leucogaster Boddaert, 1783 The average size of the fish consumed by the seabirds oscillated from 8,3 cm (Sterna spp) to 18,5 cm (F magnificens), with an average time from 6,12 to 7,55 minutes per by-catch released In general, seabirds use 84,0% of the by-catch fish as a feeding source
45 citations
TL;DR: The reproductive biology of Aegla caslro Schmitt, 1942 from Buraco do Padre, Ponta Grossa, Parana State, was analyzed and the species longevity was estimated in two years.
Abstract: The reproductive biology of Aegla caslro Schmitt, 1942 from Buraco do Padre, Ponta Grossa, Parana State, was analyzed. The sampling was done monthly, from February/97 to January/98 with aid of hand net and screens at three stations, under an effort of 120 minutes. The mean air temperature ranged from 15.0oC (May, July, September and October) to 24.3oC (December and January), and the water temperature from 15.8oC (July) to 22.3oC (December). The dissolved oxygen oscillated from 95.7% (March) to 100.2% saturation (August) and the pH from 6.1 (July) to 7.2 (September). A total of 827 specimens were obtained among which 384 males, 311 females and 132 juveniles. Males predominated over females, but the sex ratio followed the standard model of 1:1. Juveniles were found during all the study period, except in May and September. The peaks of their frequency curve occurred in April and December. The reproduction is discontinuous type with greater intensity in the colder months, from May to October. The females take part of the reproduction for two consecutive years and the species longevity was estimated in two years. The carapace length of the various development stages ranged as following: juveniles < 6.4 mm, immature females and males = from 6.5 to 12.2 mm and mature females and males = from 12.3 to 29.5 mm.
44 citations
TL;DR: A contingency analysis showed that fragmentation altered stratification of nesting activity of the wasp community in fragments, however, a similar pattern was not found for the bees.
Abstract: The effects of forest fragmentation on the patterns of vertical abundance and richness of solitary wasp and bee communities was investigated near Manaus, Amazonas. Wasps and bees were trap-nested at 1,5, 8 and 15 m above the ground in continuous primary forestand isolated forest fragments. In general, the number of nests and species increased with height for both groups. In particular, bee species richness at 15 m was almost twice that at 1,5 mm. However, one species of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Sphecidae) consistently nested in the understorey. Thus, patterns of abundance and richness distributions indicated stratification. A contingency analysis showed that fragmentation altered stratification of nesting activity of the wasp community in fragments. However, a similar pattern was not found for the bees. These results are discussed with particular reference to prey and floral resources availability and microclimatic conditions.
TL;DR: Observations on the biology of C. (Ptilotopus) scopipes Friese, 1899, a species that occurs in the "cerrados" of Brazil, suggest a univoltine cycle for this species.
Abstract: Centris (Ptilotopus) are large bees and important pollinators in the Neotropical region. Its biology and behavior is still poorly known and only a few observations have been published. In this paper, observations on the biology of C. (Ptilotopus) scopipes Friese, 1899, a species that occurs in the "cerrados" of Brazil, are presented. The study was conducted in the Estacao Ecologica de Jatai, in Luiz Antonio, Sao Paulo, during the active period of the adults (November through April). Females collected pollen from flowers of Solanaceae and Caesalpiniaceae, by vibration, and floral oils from Malpighiaceae belonging to the genera Byrsonima, Banisteriopsis, Stigmaphyllon and Peixotoa. Floral resources are carried in the hind leg scopae to the nests, which are excavated in the walls of epigeous nests of the termite Procornitermes araujoi Emerson, 1952 (Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). The main tunnel entered the termite nest at an ascending angle ending in a vestibulum. Two parallel, vertical burrows forming linear series of cells descended from the vestibulum. The upper cell (the nearest to the nest entrance) was filled with soil. This might represent a protection against parasites. During the study, one female of Acanthopus excellens Schrottky, 1902 (Apidae, Ericrocidini), a cleptoparasitic bee, was captured when leaving one of the nests. A male of C. scopipes emerged eleven months after cell closure, suggesting a univoltine cycle for this species.
TL;DR: Five new genera and fourteen new species of gall midges from restingas of Rio de Janeiro State are described, with the larva, pupa, male, female and gall described for each species.
Abstract: Five new genera and fourteen new species of gall midges from restingas of Rio de Janeiro State are described. The larva, pupa, male, female and gall are described for each species. The new genera are: Arrabidaeamyia, Epihormomyia, Manilkaramyia, Mayteniella and Parazalepidota. The new species are: Arrabidaeamyia serrata, Asphondylia peploniae, Clinodiplosis diodiae, Clinodiplosis profusa, Clusiamyia granulosa, Dasineura couepiae, Epihormomyia miconiae, Lopesia grandis, Lopesia marginalis, Lopesia singularis, Manilkaramyia notabilis, Mayteniella distincta, Parazalepidota clusiae and Paulliniamyia ampla. Also, the larva of a previously described species, Clusiamyia nitida Maia, 1996 is described and Asphondylia byrsonimae Maia & Couri is transferred to Bruggmaniella.
TL;DR: These habitats are appropriate to the development of these animals, as males grow up larger than females, due to the reproductive effort of the last ones.
Abstract: A study of the annual abundance fluctuation, temporal distribution and size composition of Aegla castro Schmitt, 1942 was carried out at the Buraco do Padre, Quebra-Perna River, Tibagi River Basin, in the municipality of Ponta Grossa, Parana State. The samplings were done monthly, from February/97 to January/98 with the aid of a hand net and screens at three stations, under an effort of 120 minutes. The average air temperature ranged from 15.0oC (May, July, September and October) to 24.3oC (December and January), and the water temperature from 15.8oC (July) to 22.3oC (December). The dissolved oxygen oscillated from 95.7% (March) to 100. 2% (August) saturation, and the pH from 6.1 (July) to 7.2 (September). The water flow speed varied from 0.2 m/s to 1.2 m/s. Sulfates and phosphates had values less than 0.2 ppm and the ammonia values alternated from 0.1 to 0.6 ppm. A total of 827 specimens were obtained, among which 384 males, 311 females and 132 juveniles. The abundance of Aegla castro varied from 27 (July/97) to 204 (September/97). In the Station 1 higher number and larger specimens were obtained with predominance of males. Juveniles and adults of both sexes occurred in all three sites, but the proportion between juveniles and adults was different. So, these habitats are appropriate to the development of these animals. Males grow up larger than females, due to the reproductive effort of the last ones.
TL;DR: An updated list of species of bats of Alter do Chao is presented, and this list with data from the nearby Amazon National Park is complete, providing a list of bats in the Santarem area.
Abstract: Despite its enormous area, diversity of habitat, and bat species, studies in the Brazilian Amazon represent just a small portion of the bat research in the South America. Consequently, the distribution of the major part of the bat species in the Brazilian Amazon remains incompletely documented. Conservation strategies involving bat species in the Brazilian Amazon may be difficult without more information about geographic distribution, status, roost, food preferences, and reproduction of the species. Here is presented an updated list of species of bats of Alter do Chao, and complete this list with data from the nearby Amazon National Park, providing a list of bats in the Santarem area. This list includes at least 55 species of bats, representing 34 genera, and 7 families. The higher taxonomic composition of bat fauna of Santarern area is similar to other areas sampled in the Brazilian Amazon, with a high proportion of frugivores, but the number of aerial insectivores is lower, probably due the use of mist nets as the principal sampling method.
TL;DR: Sexual maturity and fecundity were analyzed based in the dimensions and number of eggs carried by ovigerous females, showing the species' plasticity, which can be associated with environmental variations, contributing to its reproductive success.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to characterize the reproductive features of Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegman, 1836) from Santa Catarina's lsland. The animals were collected in freshwater streams of the Ratones Hidrografic Basin (site A1) and at the Peri's Pond (site A2). In the laboratory, the procedures of sexual differentiation were carried out to classify the individuais in males, females or ovigerous females, followed by the determination of total weight (g), quelipod relative weight (g) and total length (mm). The eggs were removed from the ovigerous females and counted. Sexual maturity and fecundity were analyzed based in the dimensions and number of eggs carried by ovigerous females. The water temperature on the capture sites varied from 17 to 29oC throughout the months of study. A total of 503 individuais were captured, with 129 individuais from site A1 and 374 from site A2. The mean total size and length was 49.65 mm and 3.79 g for the males, 38.75 mm and 1.61 g for the females and 36.19 mm and 1.08 g for the ovigerous females. At the sites A1 and A2, the individual sexual maturity was reached with 27.3 and 21.2 mm of total length, respectively, while populational sexual maturity was estimated for the 45.0 to 50.0 mm class at site A1 and for the 30.0 to 35.0 mm class at site A2. The ovigerous females carried an average of 3464 eggs at site A1, and 1440 eggs at site A2. These reproductive features, presented by M. olfersii, show the species' plasticity, which can be associated with environmental variations, contributing to its reproductive success.
TL;DR: The silverside, Atherinella brasiliensis, a resident species of the shallows of bays, estuaries and coastal lagoons, was studied during two annual cycles using beach seines in the continental margin of the Sepetiba Bay to assess recruitment and distribution patterns.
Abstract: The silverside, Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), a resident species of the shallows of bays, estuaries and coastal lagoons, was studied during two annual cycles, using beach seines (July 1996 to June 1998), in the continental margin of the Sepetiba Bay, aiming to assess recruitment and distribution patterns. A wide recruitment period, with young-of-the-year appearing from early spring to early autumn, was shown, with peaks of juveniles (Total Length-LT = 10-30 mm) being recorded in two periods of the year; one in November and another in March. The highest abundances, of both juvenile and adults, were recorded in Coroa Grande and Itacuruca, sites located in the outer Bay, during the whole summer, with significant differences were found. In spite of not having been found any statistically significant relationship between the environmental factors and the occurrence of this species, a trend of higher abundance in colder and more saline waters was detected. High values of growth coefficient (K = 0.93) and low asymptotic lenght (L∞ = 11.6 cm) indicated that this species shows a high growth rate and short life cycle, with life span of 3.09 years, in this system.
TL;DR: This work compare the fauna of Scarabaeidae at the following areas: isolated forest fragment and pasture at the secondary stage of succession to suggest that the changes in forest area for pasture area caused losses concerning biodiversity of Scarabs beetles and the respective functions of these organisms in the ecosystem.
Abstract: The environmental transformations constitute the principal cause of changes in biodiversity decrease. This make the comparative studies between natural and altered environments very important. This work compare the fauna of Scarabaeidae at the following areas: isolated forest fragment and pasture at the secondary stage of succession. Scarabs beetles were collected using four pitfall traps baited with cattle meat in each habitat, fortnightly from November 1998 to April 1999. It was collected a total of 3,113 individuals from 32 species in forest and 956 individuals from 27 species in pasture. The Sorensen index was used to calculate similarity, and Shannon index to calculate diversity. The qualitative similarity found was 0.64 and the quantitative similarity was 0.10. A relevant difference was found in the diversity of two localities, the value found in pasture was 1.75 and in forest was 2.44; these values were significantly different by T test (p<0.001). Our results suggest that the changes in forest area for pasture area caused losses concerning biodiversity of Scarabaeidae and the respective functions of these organisms in the ecosystem.
TL;DR: A survey of bat species from Parque Nacional do Iguacu, Parana State, it has a area of 170.086,76 ha, and a total of 1403 individuais belonging to 26 species were registred.
Abstract: lt's presented a survey of bat species from Parque Nacional do Iguacu, Parana State, it has a area of 170.086,76 ha, located in west ofthe Parana State. A total of 1403 individuais belonging to 26 species were registred.
TL;DR: The feeding of X. kroyeri (Heller, 1862) was analyzed during the period from August/98 to July/99 using the frequency of occurrence, frequency of points and feeding index methods.
Abstract: The feeding of X. kroyeri (Heller, 1862) was analyzed during the period from August/98 to July/99 using the frequency of occurrence, frequency of points and feeding index methods. The species presents a broad trophic specter and diversified, composed by 30 items: Gammaridae, organic matter, Acetes americanus, Polychaeta, Globigerina and Osteichthyes were the most explored items.
TL;DR: The diel of the giant armadillo was studied in the field at Fazenda Sao Miguel, Unai, Minas Gerais, Brazil, through 82 samples collected at foraging excavations and 25 fecal samples, which suggest the giant Armadillo is a specialist on insects with an opportunistic foraging strategy.
Abstract: The diel of the giant armadillo - Priodontes maximus (Kerr,1792) - was studied in the field at Fazenda Sao Miguel, Unai, Minas Gerais, Brazil, through 82 samples collected at foraging excavations and 25 fecal samples. In both types of sample the most common item was insects (Isoptera e Hymenoptera) and, in less quantity, plant fragments and orhers invertebrates (Aranae, Blattaria, Coleoptera, Diplopoda, Scorpiones). These data suggest the giant armadillo is a specialist on insects with an opportunistic foraging strategy.
TL;DR: A survey of streblid batflies on phyllostomid bats was carried out from caves in Distrito Federal, Brazil during 1997 and 1998, and two species of batflies are new records for Brazil.
Abstract: A survey of streblid batflies on phyllostomid bats was carried out from caves in Distrito Federal, Brazil during 1997 and 1998. Thirteen species were found on eight species of bats. Two species of batflies, Trichobius lonchophyllae Wenzel, 1966 and T. propinquus Wenzel, 1976, are new records for Brazil.
TL;DR: A survey of nicteribiid batflies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) was done in Parana State, Brazil, and seven species of Basilia Miranda Ribeiro, 1903 were recorded.
Abstract: A survey of nicteribiid batflies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) was done in Parana State, Brazil. Seven species of Basilia Miranda Ribeiro, 1903 were recorded. Basilia ortizi Machado-Allison, 1963 is a new record for Brazil.. Two species are new records for Parana State, Basilia carteri Scott, 1936 and Basilia juquiensis Guimaraes, 1946. The male of B. juquiensis Guimaraes is characterized. Basilia lindolphoi sp. n. is described. Pictorial keys to species are presented, and female abdomens are illustrated.
TL;DR: Twenty mite species belonging to eighteen genera in nine families are reported associated with three species of euphorbiaceous weed species: Chamaesyce hirta, Euphorbia heterophylla, and Phyllanthus tenellus in three different monoculture areas of Hevea brasiliensis.
Abstract: This paper reports twenty mite species belonging to eighteen genera in nine families, associated with three species of euphorbiaceous weed species: Chamaesyce hirta (Linnaeus) Millsp., Euphorbia heterophylla L. and Phyllanthus tenellus (Muell. Arg.) Roxb., in three different monoculture areas of Hevea brasiliensis. The largest richness of mite species was observed on C. hirta, with nine species. The most abundant species were Pronematus sp. and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904), collected on C. hirta and E. heterophylla.
TL;DR: In this specie, individuals that were kept grouped became sexually mature earlier than isolated ones, and the length of the shell in the individuals tha were kept isolated was smaller than the grouped.
Abstract: Biological aspects of Bradybaena similaris (Ferussac, 1821) were studied, such as: onset of sexual maturity, occurrence of self-fertilization, oviposition, incubation period, eclosion rate and shell length measurement at different stages of development. It was noted that in isolated B. similaris the minimum and maximum time for reaching sexual maturity were 109 and 180 days, respectively. When kept in groups, the minimum time was 78 days. The occurrence of self-fertilization was observed in 18.4% of specimens. The total number of eggs per oviposition varied from one to 38 (average: 3,5 ± 7,15), the total number of eggs per mollusc varied from one to 39 (average: 7,0 ± 10,21) and the total number of oviposition per mollusc varied form one to six (averege: 2,0 ± 1,27). Thirty ovipositions (894 eggs) were followed and the minimum eclosion time of the young was 14 days, the maximum eclosion time was 35 days and the average 23,69 days. The eclosion average percent was 81,22. As to the shell length in different growth stages, it was observed that in B. similaris the length of the shell was similar until 30 days for age. After this period isolated specimens acquired a greater growth rhythm when compared to that of grouped specimens. The maximum shell length of isolated specimens was 17,4 mm whereas grouped specimens reached 14,5 mm. In this specie, individuals that were kept grouped became sexually mature earlier than isolated ones. Individuals kept isolated reach larger length of shell. In the moment of the sexual maturity, the length of the shell in the individuals tha were kept isolated was smaller than the grouped.
TL;DR: A food resource diagram showing connections among the trophic groups, based on consumer-consumed (predator-prey) relations, is presented.
Abstract: The beetles are a useful group for studies on trophic structure of communities, mainly in forested areas. These kind of studies are based on food habits of species groups. The different terms applied to nomminated these groups (trophic category, ecologic group, trophic group, guild, trophic guild) are discussed. The term trophic group, a natural unity, is proposed to form a group of species with the same food habits, not considering the trophic level. The guild, an artificial unity, is recognized as an important tool to group organisms group that use the same resources as defined by the investigator (Hawkins & MacMaiion, 1989; Simberloff & Dayan 1991; Wilson 1999). The known alimentary habits of Coleoptera are classified in five trophic groups - herbivores, algivores, fungivores, detrivores and carnivores. Within each trophic group, subgroups are recognized. The subgroup are in a lower hierarchic level and are defined by morphological (herbivores), taxonomic (fungivores) atributes of the food, by the food origin (detrivores) and by the way that the food is obtained (carnivores). A food resource diagram showing connections among the trophic groups, based on consumer-consumed (predator-prey) relations, is presented.
TL;DR: One thousand two-hundred-four helminth samples recovered from Brazilian Ardeidae birds during 54 years were studied, and 49 new host and three new geographical distribution records were established.
Abstract: One thousand two-hundred-four helminth samples recovered from Brazilian Ardeidae birds during 54 years were studied. Samples consisted of cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes, parasites of egrets and herons. Based on the present results 49 new host and three new geographical distribution records were established.
TL;DR: The length-weight relationship of populations of white croaker Micropogonias furnieri in the Sepetiba Bay was assessed to contribute to the knowledge of the biometrics and to estimate the biomass of this very abundant fishery resource in the Bay.
Abstract: The length-weight relationship of populations of white croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) in the Sepetiba Bay (22o54'-23o04'S; 43o34'-44o10'W), were assessed. It aims to contribute to the knowledge of the biometrics and to estimate the biomass of this very abundant fishery resource in the Bay. Fishes sampled, in both trawling beach seine, sampling programme, from October 1998 to May 1999 were analyzed. The equation found was W = 0.00000942 L2.99 fom the natural logaritmized transformation of the raw data, through ordinary least square equation = In W = -11.57 + 2.996 In L (r=0.99). The condition factor was relatively high compared with coastal population from Southeast Brazil, probably due to in this study both males and females from juvenile and adult were considered, while in coastal areas, only adult female were analyzed. The alometry coefficient (θ), on the other hand, is very similar to the coastal Southeast Brazil population, but differed from Northeast and South Brazil populations.