Showing papers in "Revista de História in 2014"

Estradas líquidas, comércio sólido: índios e regatões na Amazônia (século XIX)

Abstract: O artigo analisa as relacoes entre os indios e os comerciantes ambulantes que, na Amazonia do seculo XIX, eram conhecidos como regatoes. Com base em documentos da epoca, constata-se que nem sempre os indios foram vitimas ingenuas e passivas diante dos regatoes e que e necessario enfatizar a dimensao simbolica das trocas, a fim de recuperar o protagonismo indigena nas relacoes estabelecidas com os comerciantes e com as mercadorias que eles vendiam.

Comentario al libro Metabolismos, naturaleza e historia: hacia una teoría de las transformaciones socioecológicas, de Manuel González de Molina y Víctor Manuel Toledo.

Abstract: Metabolismos, naturaleza e historia: hacia una teoria de las transformaciones socioecologicas, es una obra pionera, pero al mismo tiempo un texto atrevido y provocador. Aunque los autores tienen una larga trayectoria y el concepto mismo de metabolismo ha sido rastreado hasta los escritos de Marx, la sistematizacion y el debate que impulsa la obra representan un hito y un marco de referencia ineludible para quienes deseen adentrarse en la comprension mas intima de las relaciones sociedad-naturaleza. En este sentido, es importante destacar que la obra, ademas de su aporte concreto a la sistematizacion del debate sobre el metabolismo y la historia ambiental, constituye tambien un balance plausible sobre la produccion bibliografica en este campo.

Motta, rodrigo patto sá; reis, daniel aarão; ridenti, marcelo (org.). a ditadura que mudou o brasil – 50 anos do golpe de 1964. rio de janeiro: zahar, 2014.

Abstract: A obra A ditadura que mudou o Brasil: 50 anos do Golpe de 1964 foi lancada em 2014, diante da efemeride dos cinquenta anos do golpe civil-militar. Este, como os outros livros publicados nesse ano, busca refletir sobre o regime autoritario na historia recente do pais. Daniel Aarao Reis, Marcelo Ridenti e Rodrigo Patto Sa Motta organizaram uma coletânea de artigos e cumpriram a dificil missao de selecionar um grupo de pesquisadores de programas de pos-graduacao para apresentar as tendencias de interpretacao do fenomeno autoritario recente. A coletânea de artigos, juntamente com outras duas publicacoes (Ditadura e democracia no Brasil e As universidades e o regime militar), compoe a colecao 1964: 50 anos depois, publicada pela editora Zahar.

Do índio gentio ao gentio bárbaro: usos e deslizes da guerra justa na bahia seiscentista

Abstract: This article examines the justification process of the expansion towards the hinterlands of Salvador da Bahia in the Seventeenth century. It focuses the interactions between the local and imperial dynamics, which lead to a situation of institutionalized violence against the Indian native populations.

DÁVILA, Jerry. Hotel Trópico: o Brasil e o desafio da descolonização africana (1950-1980). Tradução de Vera Lúcia Mello Joscelyne. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 2011.

Abstract: (primeiro paragrafo do texto) Compreender acontecimentos na sociedade brasileira em sua fase republicana de uma forma desterritorializada, eis um dos desafios de um presente marcado amplamente por uma logica globalizada. E o que se propoe a fazer o historiador norte-americano Jerry Davila, professor da Universidade da Carolina do Norte. Em seu estudo, ele e bem-sucedido ao demonstrar como determinados movimentos sociais e orientacoes politicas atuantes no Brasil entre 1950 e 1980 devem ser compreendidos a luz de trocas culturais, politicas e economicas ocorridas no âmbito do oceano Atlântico, especialmente aquelas efetuadas com paises africanos em processo de emancipacao ou recem-egressos de anos de colonizacao europeia. O autor nao explicita suas balizas teorico-metodologicas, mas sua bibliografia sugere os trabalhos de Paul Gilroy e de Luiz Felipe de Alencastro – estudiosos do trafico de escravos e das relacoes por ele engendradas no universo do Atlântico – como fontes de inspiracao.

Viañas, angel. la conspiración del general franco y otras revelaciones acerca de una guerra civil desfigurada . barcelona: editora crítica, 2011.

Abstract: (primeiro paragrafo do texto) Lancado em 2011, o presente trabalho do historiador espanhol Angel Vinasse insere como parte do folego renovado pelo aniversario de 75 anos do inicio da guerra, lembrado em 2010, e representa mais uma etapa em uma longa trajetoria particular de recuperacao daquela que representou a grande quebra da politica espanhola no seculo XX, a Guerra Civil espanhola

Características del activismo mapuce en Neuquén.

Abstract: In a social context marked by constant protests that happen in the province of Neuquen for much of the '90s the Mapuche will be constructed along with other social actors (unions, parties, social organizations) to claim their own way so just believe. However, their status as Pueblos Originarios and local history traversed by both the Church and by the provincial government will shape a particular path can be reconstructed from the emergence of the Mapuche activism in the early '90s. This happens simultaneously with the wave of protests by indigenous peoples throughout Latin America in recent decades but particularly visible after the Zapatista uprising in 1994. In Argentina, the Mapuche people then re-starts a long journey of struggles, which combines several factors that make this experience particularly rich: the release of church guidance (especially the figure of James of Nevares), the claim of identity face to the 500 years since the discovery of America, the defense of territories against the advance-privatization policy, the troubled launch of the ruling party and its policies Neuquen state, but their own internal struggles that resulted in the formation of the Mapuche Confederation Neuquen, among others, point to a cultural politics which trait may be more intense at present, the search for a reaffirmation of identity and the construction of a new historical narrative which resizes own past.

Os ministros da justiça na américa portuguesa: ouvidores-gerais e juízes de fora na administração colonial (séc. xviii)

Abstract: Este artigo propoe uma reflexao sobre o papel dos ouvidores-gerais e juizes de fora como principais responsaveis pelo governo da justica na America portuguesa ao longo do seculo XVIII. Busca dimensionar os espacos de jurisdicao dos ouvidores-gerais e juizes de fora, atraves de uma analise de suas competencias, atribuicoes e acumulos de funcoes no âmbito geral da organizacao administrativa das comarcas.

El bosque seco en llamas. Estructura agraria y ecología política del fuego en Costa Rica

Abstract: This article analyzes the dynamic of forest fires in Costa Rica from a historical perspective. Its hypothesis is that changes in the productive structure as well as Costa Rica’s agricultural policy between 1950 and 1980 influenced on the current fire regimes. To explain this process uses theoretical and methodological references from Environmental History and Ecology of Fire. This study is based on information obtained in agricultural magazines, newspapers and other primary sources located the Biblioteca Nacional, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia, Programa Nacional de Manejo del Fuego and Instituto de Desarrollo Rural. It also has a oral history part through personal and group interviews, field trips and workshops with students, farmers and government officials in the Parque Nacional Barra Honda and Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

“um só não escapa de pegar em armas”: as populações indígenas na guerra dos farrapos (1835-1845)

Abstract: This article aims to rethink the history of the Farrapos War contemplating the indigenous presence and participation in that conflict. Amerindian populations, contrary to previous thought, participated in imperial conflicts, but continue to be left out of the history of this war that took place on the frontier of the Brazilian Empire.

Deus e o diabo na biblioteca de um cônego da bahia: o inventário dos livros do padre manoel dendê bus em 1836

Abstract: This article investigates and catalogs the private library of the conego of the Se of Bahia, Manuel Jose Baptista de Freitas Mascarenhas (Manoel Dende Bus). His inventory shows the list of enrolled 176 works by the bookseller and printmaker Jose Paulo Franco Lima in 1836. This list allows to identify and reconstruct the catalog of a private library formed in Bahia between the end of the colonial period and the Regency.

Da “constituinte soberana” a “conciliação política sobre as bases das reformas”: O Partido Liberal em Pernambuco e o gabinete Paraná de 1853

Abstract: After the Praieira Rebellion, the liberals of Pernambuco had to face the challenge of reorganizing their party. The task to define the opposition parties strategies of action led them to an intense and warm debate in the press, where two subjects dominated the political quarrels: the fight to convoke a constituent assembly and the electoral abstention. The change of the opposition parties on this subject just happened after the electoral reform made by the cabinet of conciliation (1853-1856) in 1855. The analysis of the resistance and the “praieiros” support to the policies of this cabinet are the main objective of the present work.

A edificação da cristandade no Oriente português: questões em torno da ordem dos eremitas de santo Agostinho no limiar do século XVII

Abstract: This article offers elements for a study of the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine in the Province of Portugal in the second half of the 16th century and first decades of the 17th century. For the purpose of analysis, three main approaches are highlighted to try to guide the reflection on diverse contexts: the reform of the religious Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine and the connections with the royal court in the 16th century; the role of the Augustinians in the construction of discipline after the Council of Trent (1543-1563); and the presence of the order in the Indian Ocean.

De homens da governança à primeira nobreza: vocabulário social e transformações estamentais na Bahia seiscentista

Abstract: This article shows how, throughout the seventeenth-century, the political elite of Salvador, capital of the State of Brazil, claimed the social classification common in Portugal as their own, thus representing itself as a local nobility and being recognized as such. This process took place because of the confrontations and negotiations with the Portuguese Crown and its representatives, markedly since the Portuguese Restoration of 1640.

A "história pátria" entre dois monumentos: o passado colonial nas notas de rodapé da História geral do Brasil e da História da colonização portuguesa no Brasil

Abstract: Este artigo discute a relacao discursiva constituida entre duas obras historiograficas: a Historia geral do Brasil, de Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen e a Historia da colonizacao portuguesa no Brasil, empreendimento coletivo com vistas a difundir boa imagem do processo colonizador da America portuguesa. A hipotese e que encontramos registrado em tais obras um substrato discursivo comum referente ao passado colonial luso-brasileiro com implicacoes teoricas e epistemologicas desse fenomeno ocorrido ao longo de suas notas de rodape.

Estructura demográfica, laboral y pautas matrimoniales de migrantes bolivianos en la provincia de Tarapacá, 1860-1930

Abstract: This research is a first attempt to investigate the Bolivian immigration based on population census and marriage certificates. The Bolivian immigration in the province of Tarapacá will be based on the description and analysis of demographic variables, such as number, gender and age distribution. According to the statistics, it is possible to develop a demographic profile of Bolivian immigrants who arrived during the nitrate cycle expansion. The results will allow us to affirm that they got increase numerically during the turn of the century, characterized by a relative balance of men and women, mainly active young single people, from Cochabamba. Furthermore, most of the men were inserted into primary activities; meanwhile women were in the tertiary sector. Finally, this article will try to elucidate who formed the society of Tarapacá in the second half of the nineteenth century, knowing in detail what the reason of marriage for the Bolivian immigrants was. Specifically, in comparison with the Chilean population which was the owner of these lands after the triumph of the Pacific War and also because it 1 Este artículo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación Anillos SOC 1109 “Relaciones transfronterizas entre Bolivia y Chile: Para diplomacia y prácticas sociales, 1904-2007”, cuyo investigador responsable es el Dr. Sergio González Miranda. Una versión preliminar de este artículo fue presentada como ponencia en el XIII Encuentro Bolivia-Chile celebrado el 10 y 11 de julio de 2014, en la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés de La Paz, Bolivia. 2 Doctor (c) en Historia por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, magíster y licenciado en Historia por la Universidad de Concepción. Actualmente se desempeña como investigador asociado en el Instituto de Estudios Internacionales INTE de la Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique.

El PRT-ERP en el exilio: armas, comunismo y derechos humanos

Abstract: The research focused on the PRT-ERP have been restricted to the period leading up to the coup of March 24, 1976 or the death of the top party leader, Mario Roberto Santucho (July 19, 1976 ). The subsequent history of the organization -that is largely the story of a rupture occurs in early 1979- has not been studied. However, the not always intelligible reorientation of political practices and ideological affiliations, and the subsequent tour of the groups resulting from this break formed the basis of relevant both internationally and nationally historical experiences. Two groups were distinguished after the party schism of 1979: one led by Enrique Gorriaran Merlo and one nucleated around Luis Mattini, which kept the name of PRT. These groups plotted with their respective reorientations the amplitude of a distance that goes from the armed activity in Latin American lands, on one hand (group Gorriaran Merlo), and eurocomunismo, on the other (PRT led by Luis Mattini). Between them, a space of boundaries much more mobile, diffuse and extended (in time and space) is configured: the human rights movement This article deals with party politics in the early days of exile and the story of the rupture process, analyzing the variables that determined the individual affiliations, among which highlights the sensitivities to the political options opened by the international space .

De súbditos y acreedores. Las deudas franco-inglesas en el Uruguay, entre las redes mercantiles y el imperialismo informal (1857-1863).

Abstract: This article examines the key-role of the Anglo-French mixed commission for claims at Montevideo (1857-1862) in the International context of Political and military interventions that were executed by England, France and Spain in Latin America in the period. The analysis highlights the conjunction between the scopes of the powerfull foreign mercantile houses, and the political possibilities opposed by the International debt crisis, expressed in some plans of the consulates to promote the instalation of european protectorates in Uruguay.

Una lectura de la hegemonía lograda en un espacio subnacional: de Álvarez Guerrero a Massaccesi, coerción y consenso en la provincia de Río Negro.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the specificity of hegemony as a concept that was defined by Antonio Gramsci and themed by authors who have regained Gramsci s thinking to examine its utility to analyze subnational realities. We focus on political permanence of the Union Civica Radical in Rio Negro State during the period 1983-2011, serving primarily to the leadership of Horacio Massaccesi from 1987-1995. This paper will discuss the drifts of the concept of hegemony in fullneoliberal conjuncture. It will import mainly analyze the second term of Governor rionegrino, because it is the juncture in which warn more clearly linked to neoliberal marks the notion of hegemony.

Del manejo tradicional al manejo orgánico del olivar: aplicaciones prácticas del conocimiento histórico

Abstract: The mere substitution of chemical inputs for organic usually guide the redesign of farms that want to convert to organic production. This often leads to significant errors in the configuration of the new agro-ecosystem and promoting a management quite close to the conventional one instead of a truly sustainable management. This error stems from the lack of historical depth when the dynamics of agro-ecosystems is analyzed for organic conversion. This article argues that the study of agricultural systems in the past may be useful for the design of sustainable systems, providing an eminently practical or applied function to the Agrarian History. The experiences of management and functioning of agro-ecosystems in the past, especially when using renewable energy and fertilizers of animal origin, can provide useful knowledge to improve the sustainability of organic farming. The comparative study of traditional and modern forms of management of olive carried out in this article have that goal. To do this, we describe the organization and functioning of preindustrial olive agro-ecosystems in a case study, Baena, representative of the Andalusian olive grove. Then predominant management from a few decades ago and is typical of industrial agriculture is characterized. From the comparison of the two forms of management, traditional and industrial, raises several recommendations that should be taken into account for the design of organic olive groves from an agro-ecological point of view.

Os múltiplos significados da alforria em uma área mineradora periférica da américa portuguesa: rio de contas, bahia – século xviii

Abstract: In this paper, I analyze the readings of manumission made by freed people and masters and what their different kinds meant for the experience of freedom in a peripheral mining area in the Portuguese America: the village of Rio de Contas, Captaincy of Bahia. After discussing the kind of sources that has been favored in most of the studies about the subject, I determine the most relevant type of manumission in Rio de Contas in order to understand the meanings the slaves and masters assigned to it.

La Patagonia en la transición: el 83 ́y las tres décadas de democracia electoral.

Abstract: The Patagonian policy has received increased attention in the last decade. Overall, the story of parties’s systems in the region is of interest. This is one of the objects of the article, considering 1983 as the starting point of a complex and long lasting process. Indeed the PJ has been one of the preeminent power in the region, having been government in all provinces except Neuquen, although the neo-Peronist origin of MPN makes part of the Peronist family. Instead radicalism, predominant in Rio Negro, was far from accessing the governments of Santa Cruz and Neuquen. In addition, three of the five districts of the region works with a type of imperfect bipartisanship, common to what occurs in one third of the country's provinces. These features among many others, started in the political dynamics of the eighties and now form part of a balance of three decades of electoral democracy without breaks but with many differences.

GASPAROTTO, Alessandra. O terror renegado. A retratação pública de integrantes de organizações de resistência à ditadura civil-militar no Brasil (1970-1975). Rio de Janeiro: Arquivo Nacional, 2012.

Abstract: (paragrafo do texto) A historiadora Alessandra Gasparotto dedicou seu mestrado, merecidamente agraciado com o premio de pesquisa “Memorias reveladas” em 2010, para desenvolver uma reflexao sobre esta tematica sensivel. Ela tomou o titulo da reportagem em emprestimo para intitular seu trabalho. Realizou, porem, interessante deslocamento semântico: enquanto a Veja pretendia afirmar que “Massa” havia renegado seu passado de “terrorista”, a autora sugere que este militante – tal como outros – renegara a percepcao e a denuncia dos poroes da ditadura como espaco de “terror”.

Valle Pavón, Guillermina del. Finanzas piadosas y redes de negocios. Los mercaderes de la ciudad de México ante la crisis de Nueva España 1804-1808

Abstract: (trecho de paragrafo do texto) Del Valle logra en la introduccion y el primer capitulo exponer con claridad como estaban interconectadas las empresas rurales, mineras y comerciales con el circuito del credito eclesiastico de las corporaciones religiosas, y estas a su vez, con el poderoso Consulado de Mexico. De estas paginas se infiere el asombroso conocimiento bibliografico de la autora, asi como el exacto cuidado que otorga al tratamiento de las fuentes primarias, no siempre faciles teniendo en cuenta la enorme variedad de las mismas que se disponen tanto en Mexico como en Espana.

"Un piccolo pataccio al rio dell'Amazzoni": Pirataria europeia e projetos italianos na Amazônia na época da Monarquia hispânica

Abstract: In the early seventeenth century, navigators and merchants of different nations attended the waters of the territory now known as Brazilian Amazon, corresponding to the ancient State of Maranhao and Grao-Para (1621-1770). The objective of this paper is to discuss the relationship between Portugal and Spain with other European competitors in Atlantic scenario using as case study attempts to Tuscany navigation to the north of Portuguese America.

Administração colonial e governação na américa portuguesa: a propósito de uma memória sobre as capitanias da paraíba e do ceará (1816)

Abstract: Este artigo apresenta a transcricao de uma memoria sobre as capitanias da Paraiba e do Ceara, escrita em 1816, expoe os tracos biograficos do autor, as linhas gerais do seu discurso e privilegia a discussao sobre a estrutura de governo das capitanias da America portuguesa. Nesse sentido, aprecia-se criticamente o texto da memoria a luz da historiografia e de outras fontes documentais pertinentes ao tema da administracao colonial.

Las sociedades ancestrales del Valle Central de la actual Costa Rica (1000 a.C.-1550 d.C.)

Abstract: The presented document is an actualized synthesis of the Central Valley Archeology with a specific mention to the occidental sector. It details profusely the substantive information derived from scientific investigations, made by different specialists, which allow us to talk assertively of the lifestyles of the ancient inhabitants of this territory. We also mentioned about the type of population that should have had the Occidental sector of the Central Valley, with emphasis in the environmental characteristics that allowed, along cultural decisions, to develop more diverse and complex societies. We had used theoretical elements that allowed us to amalgamate that substantive information and in consequence to collaborate in the reconstruction on these ancient human groups, that inhabited our ancestral territory. This document is also, a tribute to San Jose, our Capital in its two hundred anniversary of holding the status of City, this sometimes chaotic city is holder of an ancient history, diverse, multicausal, the same as now, it sheltered human groups capable of interact with nature as from a determined social-cultural production.

Problemas metodológicos de la historia ambiental. Autocrítica de una experiencia de investigación con fuentes orales en el volcán Barva (Sacramento y Paso Llano), Costa Rica.

Abstract: An oral environmental history research project was carried out from 2003 to 2013. Two cohorts of the Wildlife Conservation and Management Master’s Degree Program -National University- partially supported the researcher’s fild work with elders of the second and third generations of pioneers in Sacramento and Paso Llano, on the southern slopes of Barva volcano. The project methodology encompassed discussions of the environmental history goals, the construction of an interview guide, choosing the informants, in-depth interviewing, elaboration and validation of testimonies, identification and analysis of emergent themes, literature review -including photographs and other visual resources- about the environmental and historical context before the 20th. century and about the study period (1930-2000), and finally, the preparation of a descriptive and interpretative report, based on the prevalent and more developed themes in the testimonies. This article deals with the main methodological issues found throughout this research work, from the very beginning to the publication stage. Its main purpose is to serve the needs of related university courses and to inform environmental history research efforts based on oral sources.