Showing papers in "Revista Internacional De Sociologia in 2004"
Journal Article•
28 citations
Journal Article•
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three types of scenarios for collective action are presented: social dilemmas, in which all or most of the members of a group act following their private interests, obtaining a worse outcome that if they had ignored their own interest, and privileged groups, where a subset of highly interested and/or resourceful people play a crucial role in the early phases of collective action and create the conditions for the incorporation of others.
Abstract: This paper focuses on formal theories and models of collective action. There are many types of collective action, and they cannot all be captured with the same formal model. Taking into account the relationship between individual and collective interests, three types of scenarios for collective action are presented: (1) social dilemmas, in which all or most of the members of a group act following their private interests, obtaining a worse outcome that if they had ignored their own interest; (2) privileged groups, in which a subset of highly interested and/or resourceful people play a crucial role in the early phases of collective action and create the conditions for the incorporation of others; and (3) coordination, in which actors have similar interests, and, although they may not care about which solution is imposed, they all agree that some solution is necessary.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the main factors determining the quality in grandparent/ grandchild relationships from the perspective of grandchildren, and identify the following aspects as significant predictors of grandparent-grandchild relationship: frequency of contact between grandparents-grandchildren, quality of the parent-grandparent relationship, the number of shared activities, and the perception of the grandparent as caregiver and teacher.
Abstract: This study tries to identify the main factors determining the quality in grandparent/ grandchild relationships from the perspective of grandchildren. Three hundred and sixty one Spanish young adults responded to questions concerning the quality of their relationship with the "preferred" or "most close" grandparent. Results indicated the following aspects as significant predictors of grandparent-grandchild relationship: a) the frequency of contact between grandparents-grandchildren; b) the quality of the parent-grandparent relationship; c) the number of shared activities; and d) the perception of the grandparent as "caregiver" and "teacher".
13 citations
Journal Article•
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an introduction to rational choice is included in this paper and a rational choice theories classification is later explained, and the authors consider rational choice as a way of understanding social action by means of empathy, ascribing meaning to it.
Abstract: An introduction to rational choice is included in this paper and a rational choice theories classification is later explained. ThAn introduction to rational choice is included in this paper and a rational choice theories classification is later explained. The instrumentalist rational choice states that the theory is acceptable if its theoretical predictions are valid, regardless of whether the theory is correct or incorrect. The realist rational choice considers that the rational choice is correct, but that it requires other suppositions, normally taken from psychology, such as the cognitive theory. Rational reconstruction of the action , framed in the weberian tradition, considers rational choice as a way of understanding social action by means of empathy, ascribing meaning to it. Formal reconstruction asserts that the rational choice is not really a theory, but simply a useful grammar to consider the social problems. Statistic reconstruction upholds that the rational choice is valid to explain an ideal type of actor, representative of a group; each actor can be different, but the institutional restrictions produce empirical regularities for the group.
11 citations
Journal Article•
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided a far more reliable measurement of these three phenomena (overcrowding, poor quality housing and spacial exclusion) than previously available, including social profiles of the people affected by these deficiencies.
Abstract: In recent years, a variety of observers have denounced the housing conditions of Andalusia's growing immigrant population as largely miserable. In addition to the overcrowding in and the poor quality of housing available to immigrants, special emphasis has been placed on the confinement to extra-urban spaces in Andalusia's thriving areas of intensive agriculture, specifically in Almeria province. Based on survey data, this article provides a far more reliable measurement of these three phenomena (overcrowding, poor quality housing and spacial exclusion) than previously available, including social profiles of the people affected by these deficiencies. Our results point to the existence of sizable and serious problems with housing conditions specifically in this population. However, differently from previous studies, our data show that these particular problems affect a minority only of Andalusia's immigrants.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce social simulation as a technique of analysis, and offer a view of its uses and possibilities, and highlight the pros and cons of its use and use.
Abstract: These lines have a twofold objective: to introduce social simulation as a technique of analysis, and to offer a view of its uses and possibilities The article starts with a couple of examples aimed to illustrate the practice of simulation The methodological aspects associated to it are then exposed to, finally, highlight the pros (and cons) of its use The aim of social simulation is the same as that of statistical equations and ideal types: to generate models of the social reality that help us to build or validate theories about its regularities What turns social simulation into an innovative analytical strategy is not its objectives but rather its means: programming algorithms that contain the behavioural rules of agents that interact among them and with their environment The advantages of social simulation are not only experimental but also, and specially, theoretic: it allows the search of the mechanisms that statistical models cannot provide
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed using logistic regressions models if different dimensions of family change (female work, cohabitation, among others) are associated with lower risks of partner violence against women.
Abstract: According to family resources theory, the empowerment of women caused by the different dimensions of family change during the last decades (deinstitutionalization of the family, female work, higher education, etc) has brought about a greater say in the process of negotiation of gender roles inside the family and the couple life. This impowerment of women should have implied also a lower degree of partner violence against women in “modern” family life settings. Based on a survey on violence against women carried out in 1999 in Spain among 20.000 women, the paper analyses using logistic regressions models if different dimensions of family change (female work, cohabitation, among others) are associated with lower risks of partner violence against women. Results from such type of analyses show that there is little support to suppose that family change and the corresponding empowerment of women which it implies will bring about a lower risk of partner violence against women.
9 citations
TL;DR: Maclver as mentioned in this paper studied human social action in order to set up a realistic theory on democracy with important federal contents by reason of an understanding of the relation between society and state.
Abstract: Sociology, science and political philosophy are the disciplinary fields that have guided Robert M. Maclver's investigation. This is based on accurate intuition always present in his thought: to study human social action in order to set up a realistic theory on democracy with important federal contents by reason of an understanding of the relation between society and state. At this relation, state is a simple mean belonging to the sphere of civilization and society is an original reality (a "network of groups and communities"), in which the primary interests of any social being are expressed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw links between the concepts of identity, solidarity and social conflict, and suggest that the conflict in Colombia is basically a moral problem and must be treated as such, as this is the only way to see in this conflict an opportunity for social change.
Abstract: The article draws links between the concepts of identity, solidarity and social conflict. It argues that, since feelings of identification favor social cohesion, when the construction of national identity does not achieve positive expression it fails to produce solidarity. In Colombia the ambivalent and forced character of the Independence movement resulted, among other things, in an imperfect construction of national identity and led to turbulent history of violence and segregation. The consequence has been difficult social bonds, hostile forms of social contact, and the development of what has been described as one of the most impressive contemporary examples of anomie. Based on Durkheim's sociology, the article suggests that the conflict in Colombia is basically a moral problem and must be treated as such, as this is the only way to see in this conflict an opportunity for social change.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the variables that may explain the spread of internet in Spain and found that the connection between public and private intervention explains the egalitarian or non-egalitarian, massive or restrictive spread of Internet in Spain as compared to other case study observed.
Abstract: This paper takes as a fundamental tasks that of examining the variables that may explain the spread of internet in Spain. We set out to use the following indicators to measure not only the spread of internet but also its nature: "patterns of access to internet" — which can be of the egalitarian or non egalitarian type— and "patterns of diffusion" — which can be massive or restrictive—. We assume that the connection between public and private intervention explains the egalitarian or non egalitarian, massive or restrictive spread of internet in Spain as compare to other case study observed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of such a research, showing the importance of the ideological and cultural conceptions of managers, as well as workers, as explaining factors, and propose a typology of firms according to how they deal the problem of the participation of workers in the technological innovation process.
Abstract: The participation of workers in the managing of technological innovation process is not a common phenomenon in developed countries. The empirical analysis of the Catalonian industry of automotive components confirms that the levels of participation of workers in this process are very low. In this article, the results of such a research are presented, showing the importance of the ideological and cultural conceptions of managers, as well as workers, as explaining factors. In base of the empirical information accumulated through the exploratory research, the author proposes a typology of firms according to how they deal the problem of the participation of workers in the technological innovation process.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a conceptual framework of three most accepted models for the spread of fashion and examine the changes brought about by the move from production in series to flexible production in the textile industry and in garment manufacturing.
Abstract: The central hypothesis of this investigation consists in questioning the descending filtrate model and arguing in favour of the validity of the model of virulence following the impact of economic and cultural globalisation This article comprises three parts Following the presentation of the conceptual framework of the three most accepted models for the spread of fashion, an examination is carried out of the changes brought about by the move from production in series to flexible production in the textile industry and in garment manufacturing, which takes us beyond the vision of the descending filtrate Finally, there is an analysis of the conditions under which cultural globalisation confronts us with anew multicultural individualism, that is to say, taste as an expression of the tribal environment This last consideration invites us to reconsider the reference models Ander the conditions of globalisation and to affirm that new fashions do not emanate from a single source, but filter down from different points and propagate like AIDS and epidemics
TL;DR: The Spanish model of private security regulation is analyzed comparatively in the context of some European Union countries, using as an analysis framework the organizational theories of markets and hierarchies.
Abstract: Security has become an important priority for Western democracies. Increasingly, security matters involve the State, civil society, and private companies. One key issue for the future is how society organizes its protection integrating these actors in a security system. This paper is interested in analyzing the way that private and public security is articulated in Spain. It uses as an analysis framework the organizational theories of markets and hierarchies. The Spanish model of private security regulation is analyzed comparatively in the context of some European Union countries. There are three key elements of analysis in the paper: the sectors' orientation and strategies, its relationships, and the security system external and internal frontiers '(both are defined by the State). The methodology is based on interviews conducted to the main leaders of Spanish firms and the Police.
TL;DR: The evolucion of the agenda publica in Espana, desde 1985 to 2004, has been investigated in this paper. But no a priori, the agenda was not considered as a publica document.
Abstract: El objeto de este trabajo es describir la evolucion de la agenda publica en Espana, desde 1985 a 2004. La investigacion se encuadra dentro de los estudios sobre la construccion de la agenda. El material empirico del que se parte son las series temporales del CIS sobre cuales son a juicio de los ciudadanos los principales problemas de Espana. La descripcion se ha organizado en dos partes: una, en la que se analiza la evolucion de los temas de la agenda; y otra, en la que se considera la agenda en su conjunto. Las teorias empleadas para interpretar la evolucion de la agenda han sido, en el caso de los temas, el ciclo de atencion de los temas publicos, y en lo que se refiere a la agenda en su conjunto
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the perception that the Spanish officers have today about their profession, as well as specific values which pervade it, and deduced from the sources employed that Spanish Armed Forces look forward to advancing from the institutional to some other mixed form, which includes occupational values and postmodern trends.
Abstract: This paper analyses the perception that the Spanish officers have today about their profession, as well as specific values which pervade it. In order to achieve this it starts with civilinizational process described by Morris Janowitz. Next, it uses the slant popularized by Charles Moskos, because it allows one to distinguish between the institutional model from the occupational one, and from some hybrid types among them both. And finally, it raises some questions about the postmodern issues. It is deduced from the sources employed that Spanish Armed Forces look forward to advancing from the institutional to some other mixed form, which includes occupational values and postmodern trends. Not meaning a definite resignation of the features that suppose the traditional ethos of the Armed Forces.
TL;DR: The authors analyzes the simplification of the party system in the nationalist space in Galicia through a model of electoral coordination based on the interaction between three elements: electoral system, political preferences and electoral expectations.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the simplification of the party system in the nationalist space in Galicia through a model of electoral coordination based on the interaction between three elements: electoral system, political preferences and electoral expectations. Using in-depth elite interview data, in this paper the causal mechanisms behind the simplification of the nationalist supply in Galicia are studied. This analysis rests on a model of electoral coordination based on rational choice theory.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss some women' s movements in Morocco and demonstrate that the usual model that is used to explain women's movements in the Arab World is not valid, and they show how this dichotomous model oversimplifies the explanation of these processes.
Abstract: This article discusses some women' s movements in Morocco. It intends to demonstrate that the usual model that is used to explain women' s movements in the Arab World is not valid This model considers two kinds of women's movements: on the one hand, Western feminist movements, occidentalists, and on the other, Islamist movements, which are theoretically more authentic but also more repressive. Through the analysis of the positions adopted by Islamist and Feminist groups toward juridical changes of Mudawana, as well as the constructions of "womanhood" in these groups, the article shows how this dichotomous model oversimplifies the explanation of these processes. Furthermore, the use of this model in the research is not neutral. It has political consequences, such as the primitivization of the other. Ethnography makes possible other approaches to the topic and allows us to build a more nuanced interpretation.
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a research about the web sites of the region of Madrid's city councils, addressing the last movements through administrative modernization and the differencies between those web sites.
Abstract: Local administrations have used the latest technologies from decades ago. This article presents a research about the web sites of the region of Madrid's city councils, addressing the last movements through administrative modernization and the differencies between those web sites. Results of this exploratory study confirm that even if web sites offer possibilities to the city councils to develop potentialities related to the administrative modernization, local administrations have developed in a very variable way these possible benefits. Besides, using an index of web site development it is intented to get inside the relationship between this variable and some features related to the city councils and their institutional context. In sum, this article tackles with some of the critical aspects to understand the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations within the local public sector in a context of administrative modernization.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe and analyse the mobilization in Catalonia during ten years of about 200.000 persons in a collective action of fiscal disobedience azainst the taxes associated with the payment of water consumption.
Abstract: This article describes and analyes the mobilization in Catalonia during ten years of about 200.000 persons in a collective action of fiscal disobedience azainst the taxes associated with the payment of water consumption. This unaccustomed protest, even if only reactive at the beginning, becomes later proactive , namely with aspirations to participative democracy and the advocacy of fiscal standars, in environmental and social issues, and shows signs of the emergence of a new civil society. It embodies the concepts "social capital", "collective intellectual" and "mobilization structures".
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results coming from a qualitative research carried out to reveal the emergent consequences that weekend work has on the life style and quality of life of workers.
Abstract: This article presents the results coming from a qualitative research carried out to reveal the emergent consequences that weekend work has on the life style and quality of life of workers. Until now, the sociology of work, and also political and social agents, has paid very little attention to weekend work, if any. On the contrary, there are many more studies on evenings and nights shifts. Weekend work is very relevant because it implies a radical interchange between leisure time and work time . While weekend workers are working, the rest of the people are enjoying their free or leisure time. On the contrary, when the weekend worker has his free time, the rest of the people are working. In fact, this asynchrony of his social time explains the most part of the negative consequences which come from weekend work. Weekend work reveals what we could name as the labor paradox of leisure society . In this society it is impossible that everybody enjoys free time simultaneously. Leisure society is a myth that masks a radical social inequality Characteristic of postmodern societies.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a critical analysis of the three basic elements of the globalisation debate, namely: the selection of the terms used to describe the phenomenon; the arguments that define and limit the debate; and its effects on the exercise of liberty in democracies.
Abstract: The contemporary debate on globalisation is restricted by approaches that tend to limit the range and depth of analysis, impeding a proper clarification of its basic elements. Several attitudes toward globalisation can be observed in the debate: demonisations and mystifications; positive and negative value judgments, respectively, as well as the withdrawal into the intimacy of small-scale decision-making in the community. However, beyond the variety of possible reactions to the phenomenon, at the heart of the debate looms yet another antinomy (and an even more resilient and relevant one at that): globalisation versus democracy. The objective of this article is to show that this juxtaposition is not for real, since local and global dynamics are responsive to one another. The article also shows that globalisation drives different social systems to compete with one another, thus opening up new options for life and reducing the capability of elites to fully control society. The article provides a critical analysis of the three basic elements of the globalisation debate, namely: the selection of the terms used to describe the phenomenon; the arguments that define and limit the debate; and its effects on the exercise of liberty in democracies.
Journal Article•