Showing papers in "Revista Internacional De Sociologia in 2017"
TL;DR: In this article, an analytical view of Pierre Bourdieu's habitus concept is presented, which allows an objectivist study of established social practices of meaning through a combination of mechanisms and structuralist concepts to capture this meaning.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical view of Pierre Bourdieu’s habitus concept. For this definition the author is reviewed, then a look of both explanatory and hermeneutic possibilities of this concept, and finally the criticism he has received, to try to answer them from the more analytical approach proposed are reviewed. On one hand, it shows that you can take some of the criticisms made by authors such as analytical Boudon and Elster. On the other hand, the greater relevance of other authors noted, the lack of sensitivity to social contexts. The habitus allows an objectivist study of established social practices of meaning, through a combination of mechanisms and structuralist concepts to capture this meaning.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze how transsexuality has been conceptualized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and conclude that the trans-specific health resources should be regarded as a fundamental right which cannot be subject to clinical requirements.
Abstract: This paper analyses how transsexuality has been conceptualized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) We will see how the successive changes in the denomination and diagnostic criteria are largely due to the pressure that the editors of the manual have received by scientists, academics, political organisations and organisations for the transgender rights As a result of these tensions the transsexuality has been reconceptualised in several occasions, although the connotations inherent to the diagnostic category which treat it as a disease have endured Likewise, we will address the current debate on pathologisation of transsexuality which is dominated by two opposed discourses: one which justifies the inclusion of transsexuality in the DSM because it considers that the diagnostic guarantees the access to hormonal and surgical therapy, and the other which criticises its inclusion because it considers that it contributes to the stigmatisation of the transgender people The paper concludes that the trans-specific health resources should be regarded as a fundamental right which cannot be subject to clinical requirements
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the main empirical findings of a case study that qualitatively addresses a policy of replacing stoves in the City of Temuco, Chile, using two complementary theoretical approaches, the multilevel perspective (MLP) and the Theory of Social Practices (TPS) to describe the existence of lock-in mechanisms for sustainable transition processes, both at institutional level and at the level of social practices through which heating is organized.
Abstract: During recent years, there has been a growing sociological interest for studying transitions to pro-environmental energy systems. Against this backdrop, this article presents the main empirical findings of a case study that qualitatively addresses a policy of replacing stoves in the City of Temuco, Chile. The article uses two complementary theoretical approaches, the Multilevel perspective (MLP) and the Theory of Social Practices (TPS) to describe the existence of lock-in mechanisms for sustainable transition processes, both at institutional level and at the level of social practices through which heating is organized. The articles relies on 23 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders of an stove replacement process and 23 participant observation exercises aimed at describing the heating practices of Temuco households. Based on this evidence, the paper reinforce the need to address different theoretical lenses in order to better account for the different scales and actors that constitute energy transitions. Such an approach can facilitate greater sensitivity to the difficulties that constitute pro environmental energy transition processes.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present survey data on a multi-country scale, using a multivariate, socio-psychological approach, focusing on cross-country differences in self-reported awareness and familiarity, global attitude and support in relation to mobile and residential HFC applications.
Abstract: There is increasing realisation amongst policy makers and industry that ‘social acceptance’ is a key issue in the deployment of low carbon energy technologies and infrastructures in Europe. The development of hydrogen fuel cell technologies (HFCs) involves small-scale residential and transport applications, as well as large-scale infrastructures, the socio-technical embedment of which will be influenced by the public and stakeholders in various roles. Previous research on public acceptance has investigated public perceptions of HFCs in specific countries. Here we present survey data on a multi-country scale, using a multivariate, socio-psychological approach. We particularly focus on cross-country differences in self-reported awareness and familiarity, global attitude and support in relation to mobile and residential HFC applications. Our data shows that less than half of the population in the seven countries are aware of the existence of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in the context of energy production. The level of familiarity with both applications is low, and less than 10% of respondents consider themselves familiar with these applications. In general, respondents in the seven countries have a positive initial attitude towards HFC technologies and are likely to accept and support the adoption of residential fuel cells and HFCEVs. The seven populations studied are similar in their attitudes towards HFC technologies, but there are small to moderate differences in awareness and acceptance of HFC applications across countries. We finally found that positive and negative affect, perceived benefits, preference for alternative technologies, trust, and age were significant correlates of acceptance of HFC applications. We consider the implications of these differences for the public acceptance of HFCs.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a descriptive and interdisciplinary study was conducted using a contextualized adaptation of the Love Attitudes Style Scale (Hendrick et al. 1998) to describe love attitudes styles amongst the youth at Universidad de Sevilla and reviews differences in such attitudes by sex-gender system.
Abstract: This paper aims at describing love attitudes styles amongst the youth at Universidad de Sevilla and reviews differences in such attitudes by sex-gender system. To do so, a descriptive and interdisciplinary study was conducted using a contextualized adaptation of the Love Attitudes Style Scale (Hendrick et al. 1998). This validated data collection tool, referred to as ‘ReLAS,’ was applied to 447 students from the said Spanish university (267 women and 180 men). Our findings indicate that, overall, the subjects possess an idealized, romanticized view of love, whereby factors such as sexuality, passion and attraction play a secondary if significantly nuanced role, as emerged when looking into sex-based differences that are attributable to gender roles.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors follow the process of incubation, development and failure of a wind farm in which the Hulliche community, the ancestral people of the area, would own and run the operation.
Abstract: The island of Chiloe, in southern Chile, was the mise-en-scene of an unprecedented project: the development of a wind farm in which the Hulliche community, the ancestral people of the area, would own and run the operation. With the support of the Inter-American Development Bank, the aim of the project was the production of sustainable and renewable energies, but more importantly the integration of indigenous communities into the Chilean society via their participation in a high-value economic enterprise. Drawing on the idea of citizen participation as a form of experimentation, in this article we follow ethnographically the process of incubation, development and failure of this project. The case, we argue, allows a reflection about the risk of cultural aggression embedded in participatory experiments, but also about their capacities to crack open productive spaces for identity, political and ethical speculation. We coin the term “ontological disagreements” to indicate the ambivalences of participatory experiments and to debate about the future of indigenous engagement in energy projects.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that voters' evaluations of candidates for mayor are particularly important to explain party choice in this type of subnational elections in Spain and empirically verify the existence of this relationship.
Abstract: When voters cast their ballot in local elections, are they only taking into account national factors? Or do they, to the contrary, also pay attention to local elements? In this article we argue that voters’ evaluations of candidates for mayor are particularly important to explain party choice in this type of subnational elections in Spain. To empirically verify the existence of this relationship, we focus on the 1999, 2007, and 2011 elections. By dwelling on a relatively heterogeneous sample of municipalities and working with surveys undertaken by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociologicas, we show the effect of candidates’ evaluations at the expense of a less pronounced role of ideology. The provided evidence also suggests that this pattern becomes stronger in small municipalities and more recent elections.
9 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the democratic value of user-generated comments on the Facebook profiles of three Spanish candidates during the Spanish General Election campaign of 2011 through a content analysis that operationalizes deliberative democracy.
Abstract: espanolEl articulo examina el valor democratico de los comentarios ciudadanos en los perfiles de Facebook de tres candidatos politicos espanoles durante la campana de las Elecciones Generales 2011 a traves de una operacionalizacion de la democracia deliberativa. Los resultados reflejan que las conversaciones no cumplen los criterios deliberativos, pero que aun asi revisten beneficios democraticos, como la autoexpresion ciudadana, la socializacion democratica y el refuerzo de la cohesion social entre activistas y simpatizantes. Ademas, reflejan que el valor democratico varia ligeramente en funcion del tamano del partido donde se produce. La conversacion en los muros de candidatos que pertenecen a partidos mayoritarios esta orientada hacia la autoexpresion, pero tambien confronta a los hablantes esporadicamente con la diversidad. Por su parte, la discusion en el muro de la candidata de un partido minoritario es ideologicamente homogenea, pero incluye mas interaccion discursiva, permitiendo desarrollar argumentario y cultivar la cohesion social en condiciones discursivas favorables. EnglishThis article examines the democratic value of user-generated comments on the Facebook profiles of three Spanish candidates during the Spanish General Election campaign of 2011 through a content analysis that operationalizes deliberative democracy. The findings show that these online spaces do not meet deliberative standards, but that they still serve democratic functions, such as citizen self-expression, democratic socialization and reinforcement of social cohesion among party activists and sympathizers. Moreover, results indicate that democratic value might vary depending on the size of the party where talk takes place. Political conversation on the walls of hegemonic candidates who belong to big consolidated political parties is mostly oriented towards self-expression and features some ideological diversity, so that individuals are sporadically confronted with diversity. For its part, talk on the Facebook profile of the minor candidate lacks fundamental disagreement but includes more in-group interaction, allowing minority ideological spheres for the cultivation of social cohesion and the construction of collective narratives in favorable discursive conditions.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the process of gentrification in the centre of contemporary cities, reviewing the remarkable importance attached to cultural production in recent times, which has led to the development of certain policies for attracting knowledge workers to metropolitan centres, thereby promoting the figurative distinction of a constructed "creative class".
Abstract: The knowledge economy has recently become a battleground between global cities. Activities related to culture, knowledge and technical knowledge reinforce the idea of the need for strategic spatial hubs and formal policies to attract people to cities by revitalising urban centres. To examine this process of gentrification in the centre of contemporary cities, I will review the remarkable importance attached to cultural production in recent times, which has led to the development of certain policies for attracting knowledge workers to metropolitan centres, thereby promoting the figurative distinction of a constructed “creative class”. Finally, I will establish a dialogue with Bourdieu to help us discern whether there is a metropolitan social practice belonging to these new middle classes or whether the juxtaposition of these distinctive social practices is producing mechanisms that are contributing to the direct or indirect displacement of an unwanted population from places of increasing value.
8 citations
Journal Article•
Abstract: espanolRecientemente, han surgido un numero creciente de proyectos energeticos comunitarios, que reflejan diversas configuraciones socio-tecnicas en el sector energetico. Este articulo se basa en un estudio empirico que examina diferentes tipos de proyectos energeticos comunitarios como las cooperativas energeticas, las empresas de servicios publicos y otras iniciativas de orientacion empresarial en toda la Union Europea. Basado en un analisis en profundidad de tres estudios de caso, el articulo tiene como objetivo introducir una perspectiva de emprendimiento social cuando se discute la relacion entre el arraigamiento local y los diferentes tipos de organizacion y propiedad en la energia comunitaria. Los resultados indican que los proyectos energeticos comunitarios pueden expandirse mas alla de la escala local sin perder su forma colectiva y democratica de funcionamiento y propiedad. Ademas, los movimientos sociales pueden actuar como catalizadores de esta expansion mas alla de lo local, en busca de una transformacion social mas amplia. El emprendimiento social puede proporcionar una lente analitica adecuada para evitar la “trampa local” al examinar diferentes formas de organizacion y propiedad en el sector de la energia renovable, mientras nos permite ahondar aun mas en la cuestion de la expansion territorial de estos proyectos. EnglishAn increasing number of community energy projects have emerged recently, reflecting diverse sociotechnical configurations in the energy sector. This article is based on an empirical study examining different types of community energy projects such as energy cooperatives, public service utilities and other entrepreneurially oriented initiatives across the European Union. Based on an in-depth analysis of three case studies, the article aims to introduce a social entrepreneurship perspective when discussing the relationship between local embeddedness and different forms of organisation and ownership in community energy. The results indicate that community energy projects can expand beyond the local scale without losing their collective and democratic form of functioning and ownership. Moreover, social movements can act as catalysts for this expansion beyond the local, in a quest for wider social transformation. Social entrepreneurship may provide a suitable analytical lens to avoid the ‘local trap’ when examining different forms of organisation and ownership in renewable energy, and further explore the question of scaling.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the social perceptions about nuclear energy in Spain through the analysis of opinion surveys and secondary data about the main actors of three case studies (Vandellos I, Valdecaballeros, and Radioactive Waste Storage).
Abstract: Nuclear energy is a complex technology that requires intensive use of resources and high centralized decision-making processes, whose governance poses a real challenge for democratic societies. In this article we explore the social perceptions about nuclear energy in Spain through the analysis of opinion surveys and secondary data about the main actors of three case studies (Vandellos I, Valdecaballeros, and Radioactive Waste Storage). The results show how the arguments of the several actors are based on very different dimensions of risk, often ignored in the surveys and by the actors, which represents a serious difficulty to overcome the controversies caused by this type of energy.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the growing importance of ambivalence in their analysis, as well as questioning the cognitive deficit model as an explanatory theory, concluding that cognitive shortcuts linked to the level of religiosity and post-materialist values have a decisive role in shaping the positions on controversial aspects of science and technology.
Abstract: In contemporary societies, social representations of technoscience have become more complex and polyhedral, moving away from traditional positive conceptions. We explore the growing importance of ambivalence in their analysis, as well as questioning the cognitive deficit model as an explanatory theory. We note that cognitive shortcuts linked to the level of religiosity and post-materialist values have a decisive role in shaping the positions on controversial aspects of science and technology. Furthermore, we conclude that these links vary in different national cultures. In Spain, the problematization of the impacts of technoscience is associated with both lower levels of religiosity and the increase of post-materialist concerns due to the secularization of the society.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the democratic value of user-generated comments on the Facebook profiles of three Spanish candidates during the Spanish General Election campaign of 2011 through a content analysis that operationalizes deliberative democracy.
Abstract: This article examines the democratic value of user-generated comments on the Facebook profiles of three Spanish candidates during the Spanish General Election campaign of 2011 through a content analysis that operationalizes deliberative democracy. The findings show that these online spaces do not meet deliberative standards, but that they still serve democratic functions, such as citizen self-expression, democratic socialization and reinforcement of social cohesion among party activists and sympathizers. Moreover, results indicate that democratic value might vary depending on the size of the party where talk takes place. Political conversation on the walls of hegemonic candidates who belong to big consolidated political parties is mostly oriented towards self-expression and features some ideological diversity, so that individuals are sporadically confronted with diversity. For its part, talk on the Facebook profile of the minor candidate lacks fundamental disagreement but includes more in-group interaction, allowing minority ideological spheres for the cultivation of social cohesion and the construction of collective narratives in favorable discursive conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the general risk of recidivism and the areas with higher risk, examining the risk of re-conviction in a follow-up period.
Abstract: Risk assessment in juvenile recidivism allows understanding the specific factors that drives the juvenile to the commission of offences. Most of these juveniles will have a punctual relation with the justice system and only a small percentage will persist in this type of conducts. However, it seems that society perceives these juveniles as high risk offenders with high rates of recidivism. Hence, with the aim to clarify this topic, the objective of this paper is to explore the general risk of recidivism and the areas with higher risk, examining the risk of recidivism in a follow up period. Participants in this research were juveniles with a criminal record in the Juvenile Court of Castellon (N = 210). The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) was administered to the juveniles along the follow up period of two years. Results show a majoritary profile of low risk juveniles, and a punctual relation with justice, rejecting the belief of dangerousness on juvenile offenders. On the contrary, juvenile recidivists with long criminal trajectories are in fact characterized by a high risk that would increase throughout the follow up period.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical reflection about the methodology and meaning given to the global city rankings is presented, where the authors argue that rankings are used inappropriately and that it is necessary a deep and new reflection about them.
Abstract: This paper contains a theoretical reflection about the methodology and meaning given to the global city rankings. There is a very large academic production about the role that some cities have in global territorial processes, which has been related to the concept of global city. Many recent contributions from the mass media, advertising and consulting services must be considered also in the analysis. All of them have included new indicators in order to show the main role that cultural services have acquired in the urban economy. Also the city rankings are being used as a tool in neoliberal policies. These policies stress the position that cities have in the rankings, which are used in practices of city-branding and to justify the neoliberal decisions that are being taken. In fact, we think that rankings are used inappropriately and that it is necessary a deep and new reflection about them.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce a social entrepreneurship perspective when discussing the relationship between local embeddedness and different forms of organisation and ownership in community energy, and show that community energy projects can expand beyond the local scale without losing their collective and democratic form of functioning and ownership.
Abstract: An increasing number of community energy projects have emerged recently, reflecting diverse sociotechnical configurations in the energy sector. This article is based on an empirical study examining different types of community energy projects such as energy cooperatives, public service utilities and other entrepreneurially oriented initiatives across the European Union. Based on an in-depth analysis of three case studies, the article aims to introduce a social entrepreneurship perspective when discussing the relationship between local embeddedness and different forms of organisation and ownership in community energy. The results indicate that community energy projects can expand beyond the local scale without losing their collective and democratic form of functioning and ownership. Moreover, social movements can act as catalysts for this expansion beyond the local, in a quest for wider social transformation. Social entrepreneurship may provide a suitable analytical lens to avoid the ‘local trap’ when examining different forms of organisation and ownership in renewable energy, and further explore the question of scaling.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the main representations, experiences and coping strategies developed by health professionals involved in perinatal bereavement care, focusing on the transition from coping models duels based on avoidance and emotional detachment to others centered on the verbalization of experience and contact with the stillborn.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the main representations, experiences and coping strategies developed by health professionals involved in perinatal bereavement care. A qualitative and phenomenological approach was used conducting a series of semi-structured interviews to professionals of different categories of obstetric areas of three public hospitals in the region of Murcia. The stories talk about of professionals trained for the life they have to face death, talk about of a lack of institutional training to the professionals react drawing on the experience, empathy or self-taught. They talk about painful situations that are experienced by clinicians with hints of tragedy, speak of care directed to the psychological management of mourning, talks about the transition from coping models duels based on avoidance and emotional detachment to others centered on the verbalization of experience and contact with the stillborn.
TL;DR: This paper conducted a telephone survey among Olympic athletes and found that athletes from families with greater economic and cultural capital implement career transition strategies further in advance and achieve greater career success and satisfaction, which can be used to develop support programs tailored to the needs of athletes according to their profile.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish a typology of job market entry strategies among Olympic athletes Guided by rational choice theory and social reproduction theory, we conducted a telephone survey among 94 athletes (68 men and 26 women) Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify four distinct groups, which we called parallel life strategists, freelance strategists, lifetime athletes, and non-strategists: it’s a job The results show that athletes from families with greater economic and cultural capital implement career transition strategies further in advance and achieve greater career success and satisfaction These findings can be used to develop support programs tailored to the needs of athletes according to their profile
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a typology of job market entry strategies among Olympic athletes is established, which can be used to develop support programs tailored to the needs of athletes according to their profile.
Abstract: espanolEl objetivo del siguiente articulo es establecer una tipologia de insercion laboral en deportistas olimpicos. A partir la teoria de la eleccion racional y la teoria de la reproduccion social, se condujo un cuestionario telefonico a una muestra de 94 deportistas (68 hombres y 26 mujeres). Mediante el procedimiento de conglomerados jeraquicos se identificaron cuatro grupos de deportistas: estrategas con vida paralela, estrategas por cuenta propia, deportistas para siempre y no estrategas; es un trabajo. Los resultados tambien muestran como a mayor capital cultural y economico de la familia se plantean mejor las estrategias y las posiciones alcanzadas por los deportistas en su segunda carrera son mejores. Estos resultados pueden servir para desarrollar y adaptar los programas de apoyo a los deportistas segun su perfil. EnglishThe aim of this study was to establish a typology of job market entry strategies among Olympic athletes. Guided by rational choice theory and social reproduction theory, we conducted a telephone survey among 94 athletes (68 men and 26 women). Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify four distinct groups, which we called parallel life strategists, freelance strategists, lifetime athletes, and non-strategists: it’s a job. The results show that athletes from families with greater economic and cultural capital implement career transition strategies further in advance and achieve greater career success and satisfaction. These findings can be used to develop support programs tailored to the needs of athletes according to their profile.
TL;DR: The authors argue that the desigualdad entre los distintos estatus socioeconomicos en el poder sobre el uso del tiempo esta aumentando.
Abstract: Los cambios sociales experimentados en las ultimas decadas han modificado los usos del tiempo de los individuos. Sin embargo, como se emplea el tiempo viene condicionado por la posicion que se ocupa en la estructura social. Este trabajo argumenta que la desigualdad entre los distintos estatus socioeconomicos en el poder sobre el uso del tiempo esta aumentando. Mientras tanto, las politicas sociales fallan en su potencial igualador. Para ello este ensayo sintetiza criticamente tres libros de reciente publicacion centrados en los casos americano, frances y espanol. Tres elementos que forman la organizacion social del tiempo son discutidos: (a) la dependencia en el control sobre el tiempo entre grupos sociales y la endogeneidad entre el tiempo familiar y laboral; (b) la ambivalencia de la flexibilidad en funcion de su vinculacion con el genero y el estatus socioeconomico; y (c) la necesidad de una reevaluacion de las politicas sociales destinadas a proteger el tiempo familiar de los trabajadores.
TL;DR: To what extent “experiments in the wild” are able to cope with increasing uncertainty and the unavoidable ignorance that complicate conditions for the transition towards renewable energy, but that may also open up new paths towards the engagement of citizens in processes of technoscientific exploration is shown.
Abstract: Non-renewable fossil fuels made possible what has been called the modern world. Given that non-renewable resources are increasingly becoming more and more difficult and costly to extract, the transition to renewable energy sources is a crucial task. In order to frame possible avenues towards responsible innovation and transition in democratic societies, this paper will built on the concept of “earthly experiments” to highlight some of the conditions and processes that may foster responsible innovation and learning processes. This is done by building on empirical examples from the establishment of geothermal energy systems. The paper will then unfold the sociological notion of earthly experiments in order to critically highlight on what this could mean to democratically constitute citizens as part of “science” thus conceived. The paper will show how such experimental processes deal with questions of acceptability and democratic governance, and how the political limits of experimentality are rendered visible and manageable. We show to what extent “experiments in the wild” are able to cope with increasing uncertainty and the unavoidable ignorance that complicate conditions for the transition towards renewable energy, but that may also open up new paths towards the engagement of citizens in processes of technoscientific exploration.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the constructions of meaning (perceptions) that people elaborate in relation to the social position they occupy and find that social origin has an effect on the way in which such perceptions are constructed.
Abstract: The article examinates, from a qualitative perspective, the constructions of meaning (perceptions) that people elaborate in relation to the social position they occupy. It does so by approaching the way in which these subjects construct present interpretations, including a past and a future reference and, from these elaborations, they put into practice strategies to organize the trajectories of social mobility of the members of the household. The technique used was that of life history, analyzed in a comparative way. In general it was found that social origin has an effect on the way in which such perceptions are constructed. The social classes best positioned in the social structure present relatively accurate perceptions about the future, referenced to the (own) capacities to establish strategies to achieve it. In contrast, those who experience processes of short-range intergenerational mobility and/or spurious mobility see an idealization of the past, and a disagreement with the present that translates into uncertainty with the future. As for the working classes refer to an improvement in their living conditions, based on the triad employment - social security - consumption and a context (political economic) that maintains these elements.
TL;DR: In this article, a panoramic view of the field of the social studies of energy is presented, and the authors discuss the progressive interest on studying the social aspects of energy and relate this interest to the increasing challenges imposed by global climate change as well as the growing sociological attention to the material dimension of social life.
Abstract: This article offers a panoramic view of the field of the social studies of energy while introducing the articles of the special issue. It begins by discussing the progressive interest on studying the social aspects of energy. We relate this interest to the increasing challenges imposed by global climate change as well as the growing sociological attention to the material dimension of social life. The article suggests understanding energy and energy related phenomena as a socio-technical object which involve material, social, cultural and technical elements. The article then briefly describes different research areas concerning the intersection between energy and society and present the contributions to the monograph. We suggest that the articles comprised in this special issue are not only relevant for social scientist interested on energy related issues; they might also help energy professionals and researchers from outside the social sciences to further problematize the social aspects and challenges of energy.
TL;DR: In this article, a Delphi study with participation of 12 experts highlights two main threats for Spanish sociology of old age, namely perception of old ages as a life stage in extinction, and professional encroachment.
Abstract: International studies have indicated sociology of old age’s insufficient development and consolidation as distinct scientific and academic field. In Spain, this speciality is still pretty much invisible, in disarray, and not fully established. Aiming to collaborate in the appraisal of the current and future state of sociology of old age in Spain, a Delphi study with participation of 12 experts has been undertaken. Results highlight two main threats for Spanish sociology of old age, namely perception of old age as a life stage in extinction, and professional encroachment. Invisibility of sociological studies of old age and lack of interest from higher education administrators, policymakers, and older adults themselves are considered threats as well. The main asset in this field is deemed to be the community of sociologists involved in old age studies.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a partir de datos de the Encuesta Espanola de Poblacion Activa (LFS) entre 2005 and 2014, the authors test three possible competing predictions for trends in working hour mismatches during the economic downturn using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey from 2005 to 2014.
Abstract: espanolLos desajustes entre el numero de horas que la gente trabaja y el que desearia trabajar son frecuentes y tienen importantes consecuencias para la vida individual, familiar y organizativa. Este trabajo contribuye a la investigacion sobre los efectos de la crisis economica en la calidad del trabajo. A partir de datos de la Encuesta Espanola de Poblacion Activa (LFS) entre 2005 y 2014, este estudio testa tres escenarios alternativos sobre las tendencias de los desajustes en las horas de trabajo en tiempos de crisis. El estudio revela que el nivel de desajustes ha crecido significativamente con la recesion economica, debido al aumento de personas que desean trabajar mas horas de las que trabajan. Los resultados muestran que este aumento ha sido particularmente llamativo entre los trabajadores con contratos temporales, a tiempo parcial, en ocupaciones de bajo estatus y mujeres. Como resultado, la crisis economica ha acelerado la brecha entre trabajadores de alto y bajo estatus en la ultima decada significativamente. EnglishMismatches between the number of hours people actually work and the hours they would prefer to work are common, and they have important consequences for individual, family and organizational life. This study contributes to prior research examining how the quality of work is affected by the economic crisis. Using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey from 2005 to 2014, it tests three possible competing predictions for trends in working hour mismatches during the economic downturn. The study reveals that the level of mismatches has increased significantly with the economic recession due to the growing number of people who would wish to work more hours than they actually do. Findings show that the increase in hour mismatches has been particularly striking among workers employed under fixed term contracts, part-time contracts, those in low-status occupations and women. The economic crisis has widened the gap between high- and low-status workers over the last decade.
TL;DR: A review of the research into this matter allows us to put into context the debate surrounding external exams posed by the current education law (LOMCE: Law for the Improvement of Educational Quality) passed by the parliamentary majority of the Popular Party in Spain in 2013.
Abstract: High-stake tests, which students need to pass in order to gain a Secondary education certificate, have aroused a lot of controversy whenever they have been implemented. Especially in the USA these tests have produced a dramatic shrinking of school knowledge as they have been focused into questions posed by the very tests. At the same time, there has been a critical modification of the learning processes due to the fact that these tests encourage students to pay more attention to factual knowledge, which is far away from hands-on learning, debating in class or working in teams. In spite of certain discrepancies, by and large, research casts serious doubts about whether these tests are conductive to better academic performance. Nevertheless, the dropout rate is on the rise. More often than not, school principals have been found preventing struggling students to sit the exams. A review of the research into this matter allows us to put into context the debate surrounding external exams posed by the current education law (LOMCE: Law for the Improvement of Educational Quality) passed by the parliamentary majority of the Popular Party in Spain in 2013.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of immigration policy and the Great Recession on spousal reunification in Spain was analyzed using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey (LFS) using married primary immigrants who came to Spain from the four main countries of origin (Ecuador, Colombia, Romania and Morocco).
Abstract: This paper analyzes the influence of immigration policy and the Great Recession on spousal reunification in Spain. After a significant immigration boom (2000-2008), family-related migration has contributed to the significant flows that continued to arrive in Spain during the economic crisis. But this type of migration was subject to both the crisis and immigration policy changes, such as visa conditions, which may not have been specifically addressed to influence these flows. Using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey (LFS), the research considers married primary immigrants who came to Spain from the four main countries of origin (Ecuador, Colombia, Romania and Morocco) and concludes, first, that tighter conditions to visit the country—particularly tourist border controls—discourage spousal reunification. The reason could be that during the immigration boom, illicit immigration abounded and secondary immigrants were arriving as tourists. Secondly, reunification was slowed down by the Great Recession for the majority of the countries considered, except Ecuador. Unsurprisingly, given the job losses in typical male jobs, the negative influence of the crisis is greater for female primary immigrants. Third, contrary to the expectations that placed secondary immigrants as people with relatively low ties to the labor market, the research shows that because spousal reunification coincided with a deep economic and job crisis, female secondary immigrants increased the family labor supply in order to maintain consumption and/or remittance in what looks like an added-worker effect.
TL;DR: From the analysis of the contexts of vulnerability involved in the formation of the phenomenon of chronic pain without organic cause, or fibromyalgia (DC / FM), a close relationship is made between the development of the DC / FM and social models of gender, both in the context of constitution of subjectivity of the interviewees, child life, and development in adulthood.
Abstract: In this paper we analyze the contexts of vulnerability involved in the formation of the phenomenon of chronic pain without organic cause, or fibromyalgia (DC / FM) A key factor that articulates the contexts of vulnerability and subjectivities that they produce are gender relations, we characterize two (traditional and transitional) models The research from which we derive the data is qualitative by semi-structured interviews, in the context of metropolitan Barcelona (Spain) From the analysis we have made a close relationship between the development of the DC / FM and social models of gender, both in the context of constitution of subjectivity of the interviewees, child life, and in the context of occurrence follows and development of the DC / FM in adulthood
TL;DR: In this context, a politica de la traduccion, e.g., the politica of the traducion as discussed by the authors, is an extension of una etica de the traduccions basada en la hospitalidad linguistica, which allows for plantear conflictos, asimetrias and desigualdades culturales a un nivel social mas amplio and buscar respuestas politicas y normativas al respecto en una direccion cosmopolita.
Abstract: La traduccion tiene una relevancia central en las teorias recientes sobre el cosmopolitismo que subrayan la interdependencia global y la interaccion entre culturas y tradiciones distintas En este contexto, es necesario formular una politica de la traduccion que cuestione algunos presupuestos idealistas sobre la traduccion presentes en la literatura sociologica, que especifique la traduccion como un acto fundamentalmente etnocentrico y que proponga estrategias relevantes para enfrentarse a este etnocentrismo y para abrir la traduccion a la diferencia del otro Esta politica consiste en la extension de una etica de la traduccion basada en la hospitalidad linguistica, de modo que permita plantear conflictos, asimetrias y desigualdades culturales a un nivel social mas amplio y buscar respuestas politicas y normativas al respecto en una direccion cosmopolita Desde esta perspectiva, tambien se aborda la relevancia de una politica de la traduccion como alternativa a una politica de la identidad