Showing papers in "Revista Internacional De Sociologia in 2018"
TL;DR: The potential and limits of the concept of social exclusion, as well as the set of factors which operated as driving forces of the processes of exclusion in the post-industrial society are discussed in this paper.
Abstract: This article deals with social exclusion. It is organized around three main parts. Firstly, in the conceptual framework, we discuss the Potential and limits of the concept of social exclusion, as well as the set of factors which operated as driving forces of the processes of exclusion in the post-industrial society. Secondly, some Sapnish and comparative data are brought together, in order to show both the extent and the profiles which shape today social exclusion. Finally, the wide policy agenda to fight against social exclusion is taken into account. Here we appreciate the policy bias towards poverty, and the big diificulties to build up more comprehensive policies for social inclusion. The article comes to an end with some proposals and elements of conclusion.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Leader and Proder schemes for rural areas are analyzed from the social capital approach and the results of an empirical research on the implementation process of the leader and proder schemes in the Spanish region of Andalusia using the capital social approach.
Abstract: In this article the Leader and Proder schemes for rural areas are analysed from the social capital approach. Firstly, their authors review the main dimensions of the notion of social capital and analyse its theoretical sources in the social sciences. Secondly, they show the framework elaborated by Michael Woolcock as a tool to analyse the dynamics of development in local areas. Finally, they offer the results of an empirical research on the implementation process of the Leader and Proder schemes in the Spanish region of Andalusia using the capital social approach.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the social problems affecting the most to older people, namely the feeling of loneliness, and find that older widowed persons suffer from emotional loneliness, especially those who enter widowhood at a later age and after decades of marriage.
Abstract: Our purpose is to look into one of the social problems affecting the most to older people, namely the feeling of loneliness. We intend to approach this problem differentiating its social and emotional dimensions. Through a qualitative methodological strategy ?focus groups as procedure to raise data and Grounded Theory as analytical perspective? we study how that feeling is experienced among a profile of older persons particularly affected by loneliness: older widowed persons living alone. Our findings prove that these persons suffer from emotional loneliness, especially those who enter widowhood at a later age and after decades of marriage. This feeling is linked to the loss of their spouse and it is at night when it is more likely to emerge. Moreover, widowhood comes along with the risk of social loneliness because of the relational distancing from friends who used to be connected to the married couple. We have identified as well gender differences regarding the impact of loneliness, being men those who are especially frail to confront it.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a portion of the results of a study on Senegalese immigrants in Spain and their strategies of adaptation in a non-Muslim environment, showing that Senegalee Muslims present the most adaptative strategies.
Abstract: This article presents a portion of the results of a study on Muslim immigrants in Spain and their strategies of adaptation in a non-Muslim environment. Out of the groups of different nationalities studied, the Senegalese present the most original adaptative strategies. Aside from their particular interpretation of Islam, they have put into place organisational forms unlike those found in other groups of Muslims studied. They have brought to Spain the system of confratemities whose influence is very strong in their society of origin. In the new coniext, this organisation into confratemities has become a fundamental instrument in regulating the community and in the social integration of Senegalese Muslim immigrants.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study explores the opinions of Spanish men about prostitution, especially of those men who have paid for sexual services, based on a random study of 1048 men resident in Spain and aged from 18 to 70.
Abstract: This study explores the opinions of Spanish men about prostitution, especially of those men who have paid for sexual services. It is based on a random study of 1048 men resident in Spain and aged from 18 to 70, carried out via a telephone survey, using a questionnaire made up of 37 questions. Of the men interviewed, 20.3% have paid for sexual services at some time in their lives, and 15% within the last year. From the results a typology of prostitution clients can be extracted depending on their motivation for buying sexual services: Funners (24.1%) who are seeking leisure and entertainment; Thingers (21.7%) who want sex with no involvement or commitment; another 21.7%, the Couple Seekers, who are trying to find a partner; the Riskers, (19.8%) who, as well as sex, are attracted by the associated risk behaviours; and the Personalizers (12.6%) who are those who want sex with intimacy and companionship. These groups differ in their sexual satisfaction and in their opinions or beliefs about the reasons women have for providing sexual services. In function of these different groups, recommendations are made for increasing prostitution clients’ sensitivity and awareness about human trafficking.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the social methodologies used by sociology as vvell as some of the main results obtained in the study of environmental perception and provided some criteria to evaluate the relevance of what has been measured.
Abstract: The present aiticle reviews the social methodologies used by sociology as vvell as some of the main results obtained in the study of environmental perception. First, it examines how this discipline has answered a set of interwoven questions regarding to what to measure, whom to measure, how to measure and what to measure for. Next, it reviews the contributions provided by some Spanish researchers in this field, which according to the author, still suifers from: (a) fragmentation and lack of comparability; (b) lack of synthesis and theoretical debility; (c) preference for quantitative designs; (d) irregularity; and (e) lack of integration. Finally, the conclusion is framed within a broader discussion related to the main debates and tensions which affect current social environmental sciences. This revievv aims not only to contribute to the consolidation of this line of research within sociology but to provide some criteria to evaluate the relevance of what has been measured.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between the civil society and the third sector is analyzed taking as reference an exhaustive review of the enpirical studies of the third sectors, inside and outside or our frontiers, and an investigation applied to the social action entitities in Spain.
Abstract: Taking into account the sociological and historical perspective of the civil society concept in contrats to other orders as the natural state, the domestic society, the ecclesiastic or the rude society, these pages are centered basically on the relationships of proximity and synergy between the civil society and the third sector The result is a mutual support of their spaces of action that is reflected in the growing size of this sector, in the reconstitution of the civil society in an altruistic way as well as in its contribution to the main macroeconomic indicators On the other hand, this relationship is analyzed taking as reference on exhaustive review of the enpirical studies of the third sector, inside and outside or our frontiers, and an aun investigation applied to the social action entitities in Spain Taking these refeences, tha ain is to prose if it is certain the high conceptual and methodological disorder of the third sector, and to know if it is overcoming its own failures
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use the wide evidence gathered in the Valencian case, through diverse exploration strategies (open interviews, public opinion polis, case analysis) in order to examine the denationalizing strategy of the Welfare State.
Abstract: Volunteer organizations are increasingly attracting the attention of collective action scholars. For some, in its recent stunning apogee, the denationalizing strategy of the Welfare State is revealed; for others, they are the expression of a new social movement. In this article the authors use the wide evidence gathered in the Valencian case, through diverse exploration strategies (open interviews, public opinion polis, case analysis) in order to examine such thesis. The output obtained rather shows us the heterogeneity, disparity and diversity of existing organizations, their limited sample of resources and their exiguous intemal articulation. The authors claim the need to reinterprete the Third Sector from their interactions with the remaining institutional frameworks of welfare production.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role and correlates of populist political attitudes in Spain, France, and Italy are analyzed in a bi-dimensional space constituted by populist attitudes, left-right economic preferences, and preferences regarding immigration.
Abstract: European party systems have witnessed the emergence of populist discursive elements among political parties with quite diverse ideological platforms. In this article we analyze the role and correlates of populist political attitudes in Spain, France, and Italy, three countries that present important differences in the nature of the parties articulating populist discourses. In the first place, we conduct factor analyses in order to explore the public opinion map of policy preferences and political attitudes in these three countries. These analyses reveal the presence of a clearly distinguishable dimension of populist attitudes in all these countries. In the second place, we examine the party system articulation of citizen preferences in the bi-dimensional spaces constituted by populist attitudes, left-right economic preferences, and preferences regarding immigration. Our analysis reveals strong associations between populist attitudes and left-right preferences at the party level, and the orthogonal relationship of populist attitudes and immigration preferences. Finally, our analysis of the socio-structural determinants of populist attitudes reveals the positive association of populist attitudes with lower income levels, less qualified occupations, and lower educational levels.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the essential character of the 2000 general elections in Spain and its implications in terms of a change in the electoral profile of the People's Party (PP).
Abstract: After analyzing the essential character of the 2000 general elections in Spain and its implications in terms of a change in the electoral profile of the People's Party, the article examines two aspects of the election. First, it scrutinizes the public opinion dynamics that led to the PP's achievement of an absolute majority in the legislature, paying special attention to the social dialogue between unions and the government and its consequences on the respective perception of social and economic circumstances. Second, the article analyzes what, in the author's view, better defines the election: the contradiction between ideological factors and rational evaluation. This is not to say that ideology is not rational, but only to stress a specific way of reasoning that resolves the contradiction in favor of rational evaluation.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative analysis of household care for the elderly in the capitals of Spain and France is presented, showing how the moral, emotional and material dimensions are articulated in the performance of the work.
Abstract: This article analyses from a comparative perspective household care for the elderly in the capitals of Spain and France. Through a qualitative methodology combining interviews and participant observation, the article compares household care services and domestic work in both cities. The analysis shows how the moral, emotional and material dimensions are articulated in the performance of the work. This analysis contributes to the “denaturalization” of care work by showing that those jobs can be defined in multiple ways, implying very different limits in the definition of the tasks, qualifications, working times and labour relations.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative study of left and right-wing populist parties in Southern Europe shed light on the relation between populism and Euroscepticism, showing that left-wing parties hold more positive views of the EU in indicators related to the political side of the the EU (powers of the European Parliament and enlargement).
Abstract: espanol?Puede un estudio de partidos populistas en el sur de Europa arrojar luz sobre la relacion entre el populismo y el euroescepticismo? Este trabajo comparativo examina los diferentes grados y tipos de euroescepticismo de los partidos populistas en la region sur, ya que esperamos que la naturaleza mas variada de los partidos populistas en esta region amplie el conocimiento sobre las relaciones entre el populismo y el euroescepticismo. En general, nuestro articulo muestra que los partidos populistas de izquierda y derecha comparten lo que inicialmente puede parecer un perfil euroesceptico homogeneo. Sin embargo, un examen mas exhaustivo confirma que los partidos populistas de izquierda tienen opiniones mas positivas sobre el proceso de integracion en los indicadores relacionados con el lado politico de la UE (poderes del Parlamento Europeo y proceso de ampliacion). EnglishCan a study of populist parties in Southern Europe shed light on the relation between populism and Euroscepticism? The proposed comparative framework examines the different degrees and types of Euroscepticism of populist parties in the Southern region. We expect that the variety of populist parties in this region, more oriented to the left, will help to expand our knowledge of the links between populism and Euroscepticism. Overall, our article shows that left and right-wing populist parties share what may initially look as a homogeneous Eurosceptic profile. However, further examination supports that left-wing populist parties hold more positive views of the EU in indicators related to the political side of the EU (powers of the European Parliament and enlargement).
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the main populist phenomena that have animated Italian politics as variants of the same schema whose point of commonality lies in a shared civil matrix, based on the fact that the pattern of multipopulism in Italy has been determined by a succession of populist variants that have only one factor in common: belonging to civil society and a marked antipolitical inclination.
Abstract: espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es proponer una clave interpretativa del cambio populista de Italia en un contexto de multipopulismo. Los autores intentan analizar los principales fenomenos populistas que han animado a la politica italiana como variantes del mismo esquema, cuyo punto en comun se encuentra en una matriz civil compartida. La tesis hermeneutica se basa en el hecho de que el patron de multipopulismo en Italia ha sido determinado por una sucesion de variantes populistas que tienen un solo factor en comun: pertenecer a la sociedad civil y, en consecuencia, una marcada inclinacion antipolitica. Esta actitud antipolitica de masas y los casos posteriores de populismo estan asociados al proceso de despolitizacion en Italia. Por despolitizacion, los autores se refieren a un conjunto de cambios en las formas en que se ejerce el poder politico en la era neoliberal legitimando a los actores menos capaces de presenciar la presencia de lo “politico”. EnglishThe aim of this paper is to propose an interpretative key to Italy’s populist shift in a context of multipopulism. The authors try to analyze the main populist phenomena that have animated Italian politics as variants of the same schema whose point of commonality lies in a shared civil matrix. The hermeneutic thesis is based on the fact that the pattern of multipopulism in Italy has been determined by a succession of populist variants that have only one factor in common: belonging to civil society and, consequently, a marked antipolitical inclination. This anti-political mass attitude and the subsequent cases of populism are associated to the depoliticization process in Italy. By depoliticization the authors mean a set of changes in the ways political power is exercised in the neoliberal era by legitimizing actors less able to witness the presence of the “political”.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative framework examines the different degrees and types of Euroscepticism of populist parties in the Southern region and finds that left and right-wing populist parties share what may initially look as a homogeneous Eurosceptic profile.
Abstract: Can a study of populist parties in Southern Europe shed light on the relation between populism and Euroscepticism? The proposed comparative framework examines the different degrees and types of Euroscepticism of populist parties in the Southern region. We expect that the variety of populist parties in this region, more oriented to the left, will help to expand our knowledge of the links between populism and Euroscepticism. Overall, our article shows that left and right-wing populist parties share what may initially look as a homogeneous Eurosceptic profile. However, further examination supports that left-wing populist parties hold more positive views of the EU in indicators related to the political side of the EU (powers of the European Parliament and enlargement).
TL;DR: In this paper, a study aimed at shedding light on how work schedules allow Spanish fathers to be available to take care of their children when they are not at school or childcare centres.
Abstract: Parents of young children are supposed to be interactive with, responsible for and available for their children (Lamb, Pleck and Levine 1985). This study aims at shedding light on how work schedules allows Spanish fathers to be available to take care of their children when they are not at school or childcare centres. By using time-use data, this study seeks to contribute to previous research by providing a nuanced description of how much and when work takes place throughout the day , as well as how this is associated to occupational and parental statuses, gender and the incidence of the economic recession. ‘Available time’ for the family is analysed, understood as time away from work excluding the core business hours (i.e. 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.). Results show that being a mother has still a direct reflection on time availability, while fatherhood does not. Also, time availability presents a complex relationship with the class structure, which does not seem to have been altered by recession. Finally, there seems to be a gender convergence in time availability, only due to its reduction in the case of women.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse the connections between the emerging forms of populism, the rhetoric on the importance of digital communication for the improvement of democracy, and the depoliticisation processes.
Abstract: espanolEn la ultima decada, la crisis economica y la desconfianza en las instituciones democraticas han contribuido a una gran crisis de los partidos politicos en toda Europa. Estas son algunas de las causas que llevaron a la formacion de movimientos politicos con caracteristicas puramente populistas como reemplazo de los organismos intermediarios tradicionalmente deslegitimados. La crisis de la representacion es la crisis de la idea de representacion posterior a 1945 como una herramienta para aumentar la participacion popular. Hemos notado una convergencia entre algunos llamamientos populistas a la democracia directa y los enfoques neoliberales mas radicales que pretenden reducir la participacion de la gente, incluso si apelamos a algunas formas de “representacion sustituta”. Los antecedentes teoricos de este documento se basan en las relaciones entre la “representacion sustituta” y la institucionalizacion de los movimientos neopopulistas, que se transformaron rapidamente en partidos neopopulistas. En otras palabras, podemos destacar la extrana union de narraciones tecnologicas sobre democracia directa con mitos de tecnocracia y la superposicion de tecnopopulismo con democracia directa y “democracia electronica directa” (que es profundamente diferente de democracia electronica participativa y deliberativa). El objetivo del documento es analizar las conexiones entre las formas emergentes de populismo (como el tecopopulismo), la retorica sobre la importancia de la comunicacion digital para el mejoramiento de la democracia y los procesos de despolitizacion. EnglishIn the last decade, the economic crisis and the mistrust in democratic institutions have contributed to a major crisis of political parties across Europe. These are some of the causes that led to the formation of political movements with purely populist characteristics as replacement of the traditional delegitimized intermediary bodies. The crisis of representation is the crisis of the post 1945 idea of representation as a tool to increase the people’s participation. We have noted a convergence between some populist appeals to direct democracy and the more radical neo-liberal approaches that pretend to reduce people’s participation, even if by appealing to some forms of “surrogate representation”. The theoretical background of this paper is based upon the relationships between “surrogate representation” and the institutionalization of the neo-populist movements, quickly transformed in neo-populist parties. In other words, we can highlight the strange coming together of technological storytelling on direct democracy with technocracy myths and the overlap of technopopulism with direct democracy and “direct e-democracy” (that is profoundly different from deliberative and participatory e-democracy). The aim of the paper is to analyse the connections between the emerging forms of populism (such as techno-populism), the rhetoric on the importance of digital communication for the improvement of democracy, and the depoliticisation processes.
TL;DR: In el proyecto "Ejecucion y supervision de la pena: Calidad de la intervencion, legitimidad, and reincidencia" as mentioned in this paper, a.
Abstract: Esta investigacion se inscribe en el proyecto “Ejecucion y supervision de la pena: Calidad de la intervencion, legitimidad y reincidencia”. Financiado por MINECO (Ref. DER2015-64403-P) y FEDER, UE.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the importance of family agriculture for the development of Brazilian rural areas, paying attention to the South Region of Brazil, and analyze the role of pluriactivity on the dynamization of rural areas.
Abstract: In this article, its author analyses the importance of family agriculture for the development of Brazilian rural areas, paying attention to the South Region of Brazil. The autor analyses, firstly, the notions of "part-time agriculture" and "pluriactivity", and linkes each one of them to the different debates on farming sector along time. He shows that whereas the notion of "part-time agriculture" could be linked to the phase where the modemization paradigm was dominant, the "pluriactivity" is a notion linkedto the current debate on multiflinctionality. Secondly, he analyses the process of fanning modernization in Brazil in the sixties, and its efFects of social exclusion on small farmers. Finally, he analyses the relevance of family agriculture in the present process of rural development in the Southern regions in Brazil, and the importance of pluriactivity on the dynamization of rural areas.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the prostitution of minors in these places towards the appreciations of the pimps, and concluded that the spread of a culture of bribery in the prostitution industry leads to the solidification of networks of complicity between the police and pimps leading to the exploitation of minors.
Abstract: Many children in Mexico are working in registered places where the sex trade is allowed, such as canteens, bars or nightclubs. This article, based on a qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews with owners of 73 centers dedicated to the sexual commerce in nine Mexican States, examines the prostitution of minors in these places towards the appreciations of the pimps, and concludes that the spread of a culture of bribery in the prostitution industry leads to the solidification of networks of complicity between the police and pimps leading to the prostitution of minors.
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of the family as a key welfare provider together with the state and the market is analyzed in terms of its impact on gender relations in Spain and the first social security mechanisms established by the Franco regime up until the present.
Abstract: This article studies the importance oi familialism, understood as an institution that assigns important responsibilities to the family as a key welfare provider together with the state and the market. The relationship between solidarity and familialism is analysed in terms of its impact on gender relations in Spain irom the first social security mechanisms established by the Franco regime up until the present.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare actual ideological positions (as perceived by all voters) to the ideal or optimal ideological party positions predicted by spatial competition models based on proximity and directional voting, always on the assumption that parties will choose those positions that allow them to maximize their vote shares.
Abstract: espanolLos sistemas de partidos europeos han experimentado grandes cambios en las ultimas decadas. Especialmente importantes en este sentido han sido el castigo electoral de los partidos gobernantes, la activacion politica de las actitudes populistas y la emergencia de nuevos partidos. Estos fenomenos han estado fuertemente condicionados por la intensidad de la crisis economica experimentada por los paises europeos. Los analisis que se presentan aqui examinan las principales caracteristicas de la competicion ideologica y espacial despues de la Gran Recesion en Espana, Francia e Italia. Nuestro analisis compara las posiciones ideologicas reales (percibidas por todos los votantes) con las posiciones ideales y optimas predichas por modelos de competicion espacial basados en voto de proximidad y direccional, siempre bajo la premisa de que los partidos elegiran aquellas posiciones que les permitan maximizar su porcentaje de votos. Nuestro analisis intenta estimar el grado en el que las actitudes publicas conectadas a la Gran Recesion, en particular la evaluacion de los gobiernos y las actitudes populistas, han afectado a las posiciones ideologicas de los partidos. Nuestros resultados indican que hay diferencias apreciables entre las estimaciones derivadas de modelos que usan variables conectadas a la crisis y aquellas basadas en modelos que no usan tales variables. Asimismo, este analisis muestra que las estimaciones basadas en modelos que utilizan las evaluaciones de rendimiento gubernamental y las actitudes populistas estan ligeramente mas cercanas a las posiciones reales de los partidos politicos. Finalmente, nuestro analisis muestra que las diferencias en las estimaciones ideales entre los modelos que usan tales variables y los que no las usan son mayores en Espana e Italia, esto es, en los dos paises que sufrieron mas acusadamente la Gran Recesion. EnglishEuropean party systems have experienced crucial changes over the last few decades. Key among these changes have been the electoral punishment of incumbent parties, the political activation of populist attitudes, and the emergence of new parties. These phenomena have been strongly conditioned by the intensity of the economic crisis experienced by European countries. The analyses we present here constitute a first attempt to comparatively examine the main characteristics of spatial and ideological party competition in Spain, France, and Italy after the Great Recession. Our analysis compares actual ideological positions (as perceived by all voters) to the ideal or optimal ideological party positions predicted by spatial competition models based on proximity and directional voting, always on the assumption that parties will choose those positions that allow them to maximize their vote shares. Our analysis aims at assessing the degree to which public attitudes connected to the Great Recession, in particular, government evaluations and populist attitudes, have affected ideological locations. Our results show that there are appreciable differences between the estimates inferred from models using crisis-related variables and those derived from models that did not include such variables. The analysis also shows that the estimates based on models using governmental performance evaluations and populist attitudes are slightly closer to the real positions of political parties. Finally, we also observe that differences in ideal estimates are larger in Spain and Italy, that is, in the two countries that suffered the most during the Great Recession.
TL;DR: In this paper, the main results of investigations carried out in Spain conceiving this particular means for the protection of minors are presented, together with some of the statistical information published by official organisms responsible for the care of the young with regard to the formalities of adoption now in force in each autonomous community.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the changing juridical and social aspects of adoption fi-om ancient to modem times. More in detail, we present the main results of investigations carried out in Spain conceming this particular means for the protection of minors. Finally, we bring together some of the statistical information published by official organisms responsible for the care of the young with regard to the formalities of adoption now in force in each autonomous community.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the most important contributions conceming the incorporation and mobility of workers and the occupational structure in the sciences and propose an analytical framework and operating scheme for the empirical investigation of job markets in both academic and industrial science.
Abstract: The Job market in scientific institutions, in addition to buyingandsellinguie workforce, is the crossroads where the operational principies of contemporary science and the working procedures of scientific groups and organizations come together. It is in this intersection where the skills and attitudes of scientific workers and the criteria employed to adapt them to research processes meet face to face. A key factor in the development of any R&D system, the job market is an ideal setting to observe how scientific research functions within its difierent organizational frameworks. This study provides an overview of the most important contributions conceming the incorporation and mobility of workers and the occupational structure in the sciences. An analytical framework and operating scheme are proposed for the empirical investigation of job markets in both academic and industrial science.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors make a reflection about the biographical method in reference to: its advantages and limitations; its usefiilness towards the study of certain sectors of reality; inherent analytical difficulties and the methodological diversity of application.
Abstract: This paper makes a reflection about the biographical method in reference to: its advantages and limitations; its usefiilness towards the study of certain sectors of reality; inherent analytical difficulties and the methodological diversity of application. This reflection comes ofiffi-om two studies. The first one analyzed the reconversion of thirty shoe industry abourers in the city of Elche and their job path that often leads them towards the underground economy. The second study analyses poverty through the biographies of women in precarious social conditions. Both studies come together to reveal processes of social inequality.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors try to analyze the main populist phenomena that have animated Italian politics as variants of the same schema whose point of commonality lies in a shared civil matrix.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to propose an interpretative key to Italy’s populist shift in a context of multipopulism. The authors try to analyze the main populist phenomena that have animated Italian politics as variants of the same schema whose point of commonality lies in a shared civil matrix. The hermeneutic thesis is based on the fact that the pattern of multipopulism in Italy has been determined by a succession of populist variants that have only one factor in common: belonging to civil society and, consequently, a marked antipolitical inclination. This anti-political mass attitude and the subsequent cases of populism are associated to the depoliticization process in Italy. By depoliticization the authors mean a set of changes in the ways political power is exercised in the neoliberal era by legitimizing actors less able to witness the presence of the “political”.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical and empirical model was proposed to investigate the relationship between news use and social capital, showing that news media use and political discussion tie strength contributes to the development of reciprocity.
Abstract: espanolLa reciprocidad, un principio social que emerge en los intercambios no negociados entre personas, es posiblemente un constructo clave en la generacion de capital social. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han abordado de manera empirica esta conexion. Sobre la base de un modelo Orientacion-Estimulo-Razonamiento-Orientacion-Respuesta, esta investigacion presenta una propuesta teorica y empirica en la que la exposicion a noticias y la fuerza de los vinculos en la discusion politica contribuyen al desarrollo de la reciprocidad y del capital social. Tras el analisis de los datos de un estudio de panel realizado en dos olas, los resultados sugieren que la reciprocidad es un fuerte predictor del capital social. Ademas, la exposicion a noticias de los medios de comunicacion se relaciona de manera directa con la reciprocidad; con la discusion politica, tanto con vinculos fuertes como debiles; y con el capital social. Por otro lado, la discusion con vinculos debiles y la reciprocidad funcionan como mediadores de la relacion entre exposicion a noticias y capital social. EnglishReciprocity, a social principle that emerges in non-negotiated, inter-personal exchange, is arguably a key construct in generating social capital. However, little research has made this empirical connection. Building on an Orientation-Stimulus-Reasoning-Orientation-Response model, this study advances a theoretical and empirical model in which news use and political discussion tie strength contributes to the development of reciprocity and social capital. Drawing on two-wave panel data, results suggest that reciprocity is a strong predictor of social capital. News media use also directly predicts reciprocity, as well as political discussion with both strong and weak ties, and social capital. Additionally, discussion with weak ties and reciprocity mediate the relationship between news use and social capital.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This paper found that differences in relational proximity can evoke or suppress a willingness to give to an unrelated cause, and that prosocial inclinations interact with the wider social environment, and these complex relational parameters may be evaluated by easy-to-measure giving patterns.
Abstract: espanolMediante un experimento controlado se establece que las diferencias en proximidad relacional puede evocar o suprimir una disposicion a dar a una causa sin relacion. Cuatro grupos de tratamiento se sometieron al mismo conjunto de ejercicios, pero dos en un ambiente relacional mas cercano y dos en un entorno relacional mas distante. La mitad de los sujetos en cada ambiente relacional recibio un doble pago sin previo aviso. De salida, todos los participantes tuvieron la opcion de dar a la caridad. El experimento mostro que la donacion caritativa estuvo guiada por factores relacionales y no por el pago. Podemos aprender que las inclinaciones pro-sociales (pro-donacion) interactuan con el ambiente social mas amplio, y que estos complejos parametros relacionales pudieran ser evaluados por patrones de donaciones faciles de medir. EnglishA controlled experiment establishes that differences in relational proximity can evoke or suppress a willingness to give to an unrelated cause. Four treatment groups underwent the same set of exercises but two in a closer relational environment and two in a more distant relational environment. Half of the subjects in each relational environment further received an unannounced doubling of pay. On exit, all participants had the option to give to charity. The experiment showed that the charitable giving was driven by relational factors, not by pay. We can learn that prosocial (pro-giving) inclinations interact with the wider social environment, and that these complex relational parameters may be evaluated by easy-to-measure giving patterns.
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of the populist phenomenon for social analysis and why it is necessary to go beyond its consideration as an intruder of democracy is emphasized, and three recent books on populist phenomenon are revised highlighting their differences related to its foundations, social nature and political consequences, as well as its limitations by not considering with necessary depth its sociological and historical roots.
Abstract: This research note emphasizes the importance of populist phenomenon for social analysis and why is necessary to go beyond its consideration as an intruder of democracy. Further, three recent books on populist phenomenon are revised highlighting their differences related to its foundations, social nature and political consequences, as well as its limitations by not considering with necessary depth its sociological and historical roots. It is concluded that the populist phenomenon is intrinsic to democracy, a consequence of complex changes related to historical periods of transition to new ways of production, consumption and life styles to whom the democratic systems do not give effective answer because of institutional inertias or blockages.
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that the corporate network is one more dimension that can be considered to classify an economy in a determined variety of capitalism The analysis of the Spanish network from 1917 to the present day shows the importance of the public companies in their configuration This finding, and the comparison with the networks of other countries, confirms the inclusion of Spain among SMEs.
Abstract: The topic of varieties of capitalism comparatively studies the different ways in which each country organizes its economy Literature has initially distinguished two antagonistic models: liberal market economies (LMEs), and coordinated market economies (CMEs) Subsequently, new categories have been added, such as State-influenced market economies (SMEs) In this article it is argued that the corporate network is one more dimension that can be considered to classify an economy in a determined variety of capitalism The analysis of the Spanish network from 1917 to the present day shows the importance of the public companies in their configuration This finding, and the comparison of the Spanish network with the networks of other countries, confirms the inclusion of Spain among SMEs
TL;DR: In this paper, a study carried out in Navarra on the subject of "bullying" among secondary education (ESO) students within a 14-16 year oid age range.
Abstract: This article is an account of a study carried out in Navarra on the subject of "bullying" among secondary education (ESO) students within a 14-16 year oid age range. The main characteristic of this type of violence is its repetition in time and by the same actors and victims. Gender relations were also measured, as were the different forms of bullying practiced by groups of boys and girls. According to the results, this fenomenon far from disappearing, is still an important practice in the daily routine of the schools in Navarra. Teachers don't tend to have uniform solution to this problem, which corresponds to the area know as the "hidden cuniculum".