Revista Ion 

About: Revista Ion is an academic journal published by Industrial University of Santander. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Humanities & Physics. It has an ISSN identifier of 0120-100X. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 245 publications have been published receiving 541 citations.

Nutrient recovery technologies for anaerobic digestion systems: An overview

Abstract: Anaerobic digestion is a worldwide technology to treat organic waste streams, primarily due to its capacity to produce methane as renewable energy. However, there is an increasing interest on nutrient recovery (N and P), which from both environmental and economic reasons have been identified as key feature in anaerobic digestion plants. The manuscript presents a comprehensive overview on recent advances in nutrient recovery technologies applicable for anaerobic digestion systems. The review focus on N and P recovery through the use of digestates as fertilizers, struvite precipitation and biological systems such as phycoremediation (i.e. algae cultivation) and polyphosphates accumulating organisms. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, nutrient recovery, struvite, phycoremediation, fertilizer.

Adsorción de plomo y cadmio en sistema continuo de lecho fijo sobre residuos de cacao

Abstract: Se evaluo el desempeno de la cascara de cacao como material residual adsorbente de metales pesados(Plomo y Cadmio) en solucion acuosa sintetica, mediante un sistema continuo de lecho fijo.El trabajoexperimental consistio en determinar el efecto de la altura del lecho en la remocion de estos contaminantes, manteniendo constantes parametros como el pH, velocidad de flujo y concentracion inicial de los metales. Las pruebas de adsorcionpresentaron una remocion de 91,32 y 87,80% respectivamente para Pb y Cd despues de transcurridas 4,5 horas. La medicion de las concentraciones en solucion acuosa de los iones metalicos se hizo por adsorcion atomica. Se evaluo el ajuste de los modelos matematicos de Thomas, Dosis-Respuesta, Adams-Bohart y BDST, para predecir el comportamiento dinamico de la columna y obtener los parametros cineticos correspondientes. Para los modelos de Thomas y de Dosis-Respuesta, se observo que los valores de la capacidad inicial de adsorcion, q0, disminuyeronal aumentar la altura del lecho, esto pudo deberse a una transferencia de masa mas lenta, concentracion mas baja y aumento dela capacidad de adsorcion, mientras que los modelos de Adams-Bohart y BDST(Bed-depht service time analysis), la capacidad de adsorcion volumetrica, N0, decrece al aumentar el bioadsorbente en la columna. Los resultados presentados en este estudio indican que los residuos de cacao pueden ser usados para la remocion de metales pesados presentes en aguas residuales satisfactoriamente

Perspectivas del ensayo de Potencial Bioquímico de Metano - PBM para el control del proceso de digestión anaerobia de residuos

Abstract: Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that achieves two purposes simultaneously, waste treatment to control environmental pollution and the recovery and valorization of by-products generated: methane as a source of renewable energy and digestate for agricultural purposes. To determine the methane production capability, the anaerobic biodegradability of an organic substrate, the selection of potential substrates and inoculums and the performance prediction of full-scale digesters, bench scale procedures as Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test, are performed. This article shows a refection on different aspects related to this important test, such as the diversity in the experiment denomination, the different modifcations in operational and experimental conditions, the different use of measurement units, the required equations for methane quantifcation, among others, these have given place to various methodological approaches which differ in conditioning factors for its application and comparison with results of other studies. With this refection, the usefulness of this assay and the need to standardize it is ratifed. Therefore, the experimental and operational conditions and the appropriate units should be reported, to avoid methodological confusion and permit a greater reproducibility. Additionally, it is recommended to deepen in the methodological analyses of different measurement methods to obtaining comparable results. Keywords: anaerobic digestion, anaerobic biodegradability, biochemical methane potential - BMP, organic waste.

Carbones colombianos: clasificación y caracterización termoquímica para aplicaciones energéticas

Abstract: Resumen La relacion reservas/produccion de carbon en Colombia ronda los 91 anos. Para aprovechar tal disponibilidad del carbon mediante tecnologias de alta eficiencia, es necesario contar con la adecuada caracterizacion de los diferentes carbones. En este trabajo se analizaron 10 muestras de carbones colombianos con diferentes rangos y calidad, procedentes de diferentes locaciones geograficas. Cada muestra se caracterizo segun su analisis proximo, analisis ultimo, analisis termogravimetrico (TGA) y poder calorifico. Se establecio el rango o calidad de cada muestra segun diferentes metodos estandarizados, incluyendo normas ASTM, diagramas de Van Kleveler, metodo grafico de Parr y la norma ISO 11760-2005. Adicionalmente se determino la reactividad de las muestras a traves de analisis TGA y analisis termico diferencial (DTG). Se encontro que los carbones de mayor rango o calidad no necesariamente resultan ser los mas reactivos para aplicaciones energeticas, ya que a mayor proporcion de carbono fijo, la liberacion de material volatil tiende a ser mas lenta, disminuyendo su capacidad de uso y transformacion en procesos termoquimicos. Palabras clave: carbones colombianos, analisis proximo, analisis ultimo, reactividad, rango, aprovechamiento energetico. Colombian coals: classification and thermochemical characterization for energy applications Abstract Colombian coal reserves/production ratio is around 91 years. The challenge is to exploit the availability of coal in Colombia by means of higher efficiency technologies, it is necessary to characterize the different coals properly. In this work ten Colombian samples of coal with different rank and quality were analyzed. The samples are from different regions around the country. Each sample was characterized according to proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as thermogravimetric analysis and heating value. For each coal sample was assessed its rank or quality according to different standardized methods, i.e., ASTM standard, Van Kleveler diagram, Parr method and ISO 11760-2005 standard. Moreover, the reactivity of each sample was determined by means of thermogravimetric and its differential thermal analyses. It was found that the coals with the higher rank are not necessarily the more reactive fuels for energy use. This is due to the coals, with higher fixed carbon, release the volatile matter slowly; therefore, its use capacity and its thermochemical transformation decreases. Keywords : colombian coals, proximate and ultimate analysis, reactivity, coal Rank, energy use. Carvoes colombianos: classificacao e caracterizacao para aplicacoes de energia termoquimica Resumo A relacao reservas / producao de carvao na Colombia e de cerca de 91 anos. Procurando explorar a disponibilidade de carvao na Colombia, por meio de tecnologias de eficiencia mais elevados, e necessario ter a caracterizacao adequada dos diferentes carvoes. Neste trabalho foram analisadas dez amostras de carvao da Colombia com diferentes categoria e qualidade. As amostras sao provenientes de diferentes regioes do pais. Cada amostra foi caracterizada de acordo com a analise imediata e definitiva, bem como a analise termogravimetrica (TGA) e valor calorico. Para cada amostra de carvao foi avaliada a sua categoria ou qualidade de acordo com diferentes metodos padrao, incluindo ASTM, diagramas Van Kleveler, metodo Parr e padrao ISO 11760-2005. Alem disso, a reatividade de cada amostra foi determinada utilizando TGA e suas analises termicas diferenciais. Verificou-se que as brasas com o posto mais alto nao sao necessariamente os combustiveis mais reativas para aplicacoes de energia, porque com maior proporcao de carbono fixo, a materia volatil que e liberado mais lentamente, portanto, a sua capacidade de uso e sua transformacao termoquimica tende a ser mais lenta. Palabras-chave: carvao da Colombia, analise imediata e definitiva, reatividade, carvao rank, utilizacao de energia. Cita: Barrera Zapata R, Perez Bayer JF, Salazar Jimenez C. Carbones colombianos: clasificacion y caracterizacion termoquimica para aplicaciones energeticas. rev.ion. 2014;27(2):43-54.

Remoción de turbiedad en agua de una fuente natural mediante coagulación/floculación usando almidón de plátano

Abstract: Turbidity removal in a water sample from a natural source via coagulation/flocculation using plantain starch Remocao de turbidez em agua de uma fonte natural utilizando a coagulacao/floculacao com amido de banana Resumen En este trabajo se analiza la remocion de turbiedad en agua proveniente de una fuente natural, mediante coagulacion/floculacion, usando almidon de platano. Se planteo un diseno experimental factorial aleatorio de cuatro factores variables, a saber: pH, dosis de coagulante, velocidad de mezcla rapida y velocidad de mezcla lenta. Se realizaron pruebas de jarras para determinar los valores optimos de dichos factores. El almidon de platano muestra ser adecuado como ayuda de floculacion, aunque se presento una sedimentacion lenta. La mejor eficiencia de remocion de turbiedad se obtuvo para los siguientes valores de los factores: pH de 5, 50:50 porcentaje en peso de la combinacion sulfato de aluminio/almidon de platano, velocidad de mezcla rapida de 150rpm, velocidad de mezcla lenta de 20rpm. Palabras clave : coagulacion, tratamiento primario avanzado, polimero, sedimentacion. Abstract This work presents the analysis of turbidity removal in water from a natural source, via coagulation/flocculation using plantain starch. A random factorial experimental design was formulated with four variable factors: pH, coagulant dose, rapid mixing speed and slow mixing speed. The jar test was carried out in order to determine the optimal values of such factors. The plantain starch is proper as flocculation aid, although its sedimentation is slow. The best turbidity removal corresponds to: pH of 5, a 50:50 weigh percent for the alum sulfate/plantain starch combination, fast mixing speed of 150rpm and slow mixing speed of 20rpm. Keywords: coagulation, advanced primary treatment, polymer, sedimentation. Resumo Neste trabalho se estuda a remocao da turbidez de agua de uma fonte natural, utilizando a coagulacao/ floculacao com amido de banana. Foi proposto um desenho experimental fatorial aleatorio de quatro factores: pH, dose de coagulante, velocidade de mistura rapida e velocidade de mistura lenta. Foram realizados testes, “jar test”, para determinar os valores otimos de tais fatores. O amido de banana mostra que e efetivo como apoio para floculacao, nao obstante a sedimentacao foi lenta. A melhor eficiencia de remocao de turbidez foi obtida para os seguintes valores: pH de 5, percentagem em massa de mistura de sulfato de aluminio/ amido de banana de 50:50, velocidade de mistura rapida de 150rpm, e velocidade de mistura lenta de 20rpm. Palavras-chave : coagulacao, tratamento primario avancado, polimero, sedimentacao. Trujillo D, Duque LF, Arcila JS, Rincon A, Pacheco S, Herrera OF. Remocion de turbiedad en agua de una fuente natural mediante coagulacion/floculacion usando almidon de platano. rev.ion. 2014;27(1):17-34.