Showing papers in "Revista médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in 2004"

Calidad de vida en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract: El objetivo de esta tesis es determinar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

Aptitud para la lectura crítica de trabajos de investigación clínica en residentes de cirugía general

Abstract: RESUMEN Objetivo: construir y validar un instrumento de medición para estimar el grado de desarrollo de lectura crítica en los médicos residentes de cirugía general. Material y métodos: se construyó y validó un instrumento con ocho resúmenes y 90 enunciados para explorar la lectura crítica con los indicadores interpretar, enjuiciar y proponer. Participaron 30 residentes de la delegación en Puebla del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Resultados: en las puntuaciones globales no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos por año de especialidad, sin embargo, al comparar los grupos por cada indicador los de segundo y tercer año mostraron diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Al comparar los dos grupos independientes de segundo y tercer año, resultó que había diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el indicador interpretación. Las puntuaciones en general estuvieron entre las esperables por efectos del azar y en un nivel bajo. Conclusiones: la aptitud para la lectura crítica de trabajos de investigación clínica fue baja entre los residentes de los diferentes años de la especialidad de cirugía general. SUMMARY Objective: to construct an instrument for critical reading and to estimate the degree of development in surgical residents. Material and methods: an instrument with eight abstracts and 90 items was developed and validated. Thirty general surgery resident medical students were included. Results: in global evaluation, we did not find statistically significant differences among different residents groups, but on comparing domains and years of residence only residents of the second and third years showed statistically significant differences. In general, evaluations fell between random effect and low. Conclusions: critical reading aptitude of clinical research works is poor in different groups of surgical residents.

Satisfacción laboral de profesionales de la salud en el IMSS, Jalisco 1999-2002

Abstract: SUMMARY We carried out a study on tertiary-level IMSS personnel at the Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico in 1999. Our purpose was to identify job environment satisfaction by evaluation of personnel needs. Data were collected by means of a structured instrument that coded study variables. Total number of workers investigated was 1761; 66.8% of workers reported that their needs were covered. There were other important variables that were significant and made it possible to demonstrate level of satisfaction of healthcare personnel needs. RESUMEN

Disfunción familiar en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica

Abstract: SUMMARY Objective: our objective was to evaluate family dysfunction in caring for patients with renal chronic insufficiency. Material and methods: we made a crosssectional study at the community level in the primarycare context. Participants were patients with diagnosis of chronic renal insufficiency, > 15 years of age, both sexes, and residents of the community, selected from hospital medical records, and non-randomized. The study was finally done in 226 patients. Each was interviewed at home or at the hospital according to their preference by means of a questionnaire, which was previously validated. The study variables were family dysfunctions, patient care, and family functionality. We measured with Holmes test the family stress level. In statistical analysis, we used absolute and relative frequencies, descriptive analysis, and χ Mantel-Haenzel tests. Results: rank age was between 17 and 83 years, and average age was 53 years with standard deviation ± 14 years, 52 % were men and 48 %, women; and 41 % of patients had dysfunctional families. Conclusions: family functioning is a factor that influences patient care and depends on affection, mutual support, and family participation.

Farmacovigilancia II. Las reacciones adversas y el Programa Internacional de Monitoreo de los Medicamentos

Abstract: RESUMEN Se describe aqui que se entiende por reaccionesadversas a los medicamentos, como se defineninternacionalmente y algunas variantes por paisesy tambien se presenta su clasificacion. Se comen-ta acerca del destino y la funcion de los reportesde sospechas de reacciones adversas de losmedicamentos, en los que participan el CentroColaborador de la Organizacion Mundial de la Saludy los paises que integran el Programa Internacionalde Monitoreo de los Medicamentos. Finalmentese describe cual es la utilidad de la informaciondel Programa de Farmacovigilancia a nivel interna-cional, nacional e institucional. SUMMARY This article includes the international definition ofadverse drug reactions and some other definitionsadopted in other countries and their classification.Also briefly describes the final goal pursued, atthe Collaborating Center with the suspected ad-verse drug reactions reports of the countries par-ticipating in The International Drug MonitoringProgram. Finally, it reviews shortly the international,national, and institutional benefits of the Pharma-covigilance Program.

Papel del cromo y del cinc en el metabolismo de la insulina

Abstract: SUMMARY Trace elements are defined as nutrients that the human body needs in concentrations of one part per 1 000 000 and comprise < 0.01 % of total body weight. An element is considered essential if a dietary deficiency of that element results in suboptimal biological function that is preventable or reversible by ingestion of this element. Certain alterations in insulin secretion and actions can be related with a decrease in chromium (Cr) or zinc (Zn) levels. In this paper, we described chemical characteristics, biological role, and mechanism of action of both elements for regulation of insulin secretion and expression, or activity of insulin receptor for better efficacy of insulin. Cr and Zn demonstrate action on basic cellular reactions of carbohydrates, lipids, protein metabolism, and energy production. These elements influence development and progression of diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. This review highlights the evidence and the association that both trace elements have on insulin action.

Reflexiones acerca del lavado de manos

Abstract: SUMMARY Hand washing represents the easiest way to prevent nosocomial infection. Despite this fact, poor medical adherence to this practice has been the rule, never reaching more than 50 % of the evaluated personnel. It is mandatory to find ways to improve this inadequate health-personnel practice. In that sense, medical journals are the major channels to communicate and share experiences. A search in Latin American indexes with the words “hand washing” or “lavado de manos” yielded only four references, none devoted particularly to this issue. Many medical recommendations that come from the developed world are not applicable to our environment. However, hand-washing recommendations are among the few that are applicable worldwide. Hand-washing practice should be encouraged in all areas where patients are treated. RESUMEN El lavado de manos desempena un importante papel en la disminucion de las infecciones nosocomiales. Despues de revisar algunos indices se destaca la carencia de informacion en espanol sobre el tema, cuando que por su sencillez y aplicabilidad debiera ser motivo frecuente de publicacion para comunicar y compartir experiencias. En forma similar a lo encontrado en investigaciones internacionales, los escasos trabajos latinoamericanos al respecto demuestran que existe resistencia del personal de salud para llevar a cabo el lavado de manos, que debiera ser rutinario. Al evaluar esta practica, personal de salud de paises desarrollados no alcanzo 50 % de cumplimiento. En un servicio de urgencias del Sector Salud nacional, solo 12.1 % del personal de salud cumplio con ella. Por su facilidad, bajo costo y potencialidad para disminuir las infecciones nosocomiales, las recomendaciones acerca del lavado de manos formuladas en paises desarrollados son de las pocas practicas medicas que pueden ser emuladas en los paises en desarrollo.